NCCRESt

part of the Education Reform Networks

Multicultural Educational Practices

• Inclusivity and Alignment: Principles of Pedagogy, Task and Assessment Design for Effective Cross-Cultural Online Learning
  Offers a framework for culturally inclusive pedagogy that can be applied to online environments. Proposes a theoretically grounded framework linking culturally inclusive learning with curriculum and assessment design, using the principle of constructive alignment so that instruction is flexible and relevant to students from a diverse range of cultural and language backgrounds.
• Literature-based Reading in Action: Views from the Classroom
  Discusses 7 books for educators that report successful practices in the teaching of reading within a literature-based curriculum. Notes that these professional resources show what teachers are doing in their classrooms to make literature a vital part of children's lives, based on the power of literature as an artistic form and its potential to influence perspectives, actions, and lives.
• Institutional Barriers to the Implementation of Antiracist Education: A Case Study of the Secondary System in a Large, Urban School Board
  This case study of the Toronto Board of Education's secondary system thoroughly analyzes barriers to implementing antiracist education in a large, ethnically diverse education district. Findings highlight implementation difficulties, including poor leadership, lack of minorities in key positions, informal resistance, and decentralized decision making.
• Transforming Curriculum for a Culturally Diverse Society
  This book is primarily designed for graduate courses in curriculum development and theory, and aims to assist practitioners in facilitating the shift in public school curriculum to accommodate large-scale trends toward a more culturally diverse society.
• Kenta, Kilts, and Kimonos: Exploring Cultures and Mathematics through Fabrics
  Describes uses of mathematics in fabric design to examine various cultural and mathematical concepts including patterns, geometric shapes, and spatial reasoning. (ASK).
• Who's New in Multicultural Literature, Part One (Rainbow Teachers/Rainbow Students)
  Describes how a multicultural unit was added to a high school American literature course, noting that this necessitated selecting a large number of new books for the school library. Discusses goals of the multicultural project and its main interpretive assignment.
• Are Our Preservice Teachers Ready To Teach in This Culturally Diverse Society? Examining Preservice Teachers' Self-Assessment on Their Multicultural Teaching Performance
  This study examined preservice teachers' multicultural teaching performance and noted whether preservice teachers' demographic and educational backgrounds would predict their performance.
• Arab American Students in Public Schools. ERIC Digest, Number 142
  This digest reviews ways to provide Arab Americans with a supportive school environment and all students with an accurate and unbiased education about the Middle East. The school climate will make Arab American students feel more welcome if Arab culture is included in multicultural courses and activities, and if the staff works to eliminate prejudice and discrimination.
• Networking across Boundaries
  This theme issue focuses on the challenges and opportunities of online technology as it is used by teachers and students in rural classrooms in Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Mississippi, New Mexico, South Carolina, and Vermont.
• Successful Strategies in Multi-Ethnic Schools: A Summary of Recent Research
  Summarizes approaches identified in recent research that were used in schools in the United Kingdom that were effective in educating minority students. These effective schools were characterized by strong leadership, shared vision and goals, school organization, and high expectations for students.
• Cross-Cultural Interaction and Periodization in World History
  Asks to what extent it is possible to identify meaningful and coherent historical periods across the boundaries of societies. Argues that cross-cultural interaction must figure prominently as a criterion in any effort to establish a periodization of world history in modern times.
• Multicultural Social Reconstructionist Education in Urban Geography: A Model Whose Time Has Come
  Briefly describes several approaches to multicultural education including highlighting minority achievements and emphasizing human relations and social reconstruction. Argues that social reconstruction is the most productive approach for teaching urban geography.
• Applying a Cognitive-Behavioral Approach to the Training of Culturally Competent Mental Health Counselors
  Claims that a cognitive-behavioral approach can help train culturally competent mental health professionals. Following the stages of intervention in cognitive therapy, culturally diverse counselors in training confront their own and others' cognitive distortions and develop a genuine sensitivity to other cultural perspectives.
• Cultural Reciprocity: Exploring the Impacts of Cross-Cultural Instruction on Professorial Self-Reflection
  Cultural reciprocity refers to the dynamic and material exchange of knowledge, values, and perspectives between two or more individuals of different cultural (e.g., racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, religious) backgrounds. In this paper, cultural reciprocity is discussed as it pertains to professors of education and their students, based on the history of their interactions and diversity of experiences in cross-cultural settings.
• The Chula/Fish Creek Connection
  Describes a social studies cultural exchange program between a public school and a Canadian native school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Outlines how the students became mutual inquirers into one another's cultures.
• CyberHunt 3. Holiday Trio
  Presents CyberHunt 3, an interactive, multicultural activity for the holiday season. Students visit a variety of web sites for facts and activities related to Hanukkah, Christmas, and Kwanzaa.
• Multicultural Education and Curriculum Transformation
  Describes five dimensions of multicultural education, focusing on the knowledge construction process in order to show how the cultural assumptions, frames of reference, and perspectives of mainstream scholars and researchers influence the ways in which academic knowledge is constructed to legitimize institutionalized inequity. (Author/SLD).
• Finding Ways In: Redefining Multicultural Literature
  Describes an experience during classroom discussion of Alice Walker's "Roselily" that led a teacher to revise her understanding of multiculturalism. Defines three problematic yet popular approaches to understanding the differences in culture in the United States and then presents a fourth approach that encourages students to see themselves and others as representing many cultures individually and collectively.
• Language Magazine: The Journal of Communication & Education, 2002
  These 12 issues of the journal include articles on such topics as the following: classical languages; early literacy; ancient languages; study abroad; teacher training; dialects; computer uses in education; classroom techniques; illustrated dictionaries for English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) students and others.
• Making Multicultural Education Effective for Everyone
  Responds and elaborates on an article on preparing Anglo graduate students for the journey toward a multicultural perspective. Affirms assertions for a balanced support-challenge model in multicultural training, for the usefulness of self-disclosure in these courses, and for articulation of the rewards of becoming a multiculturalist.
• Putting Research To Work in Your School. [Revised.]
  This book contains abridged and edited versions of research reports with original commentary that were previously published elsewhere. The articles reflect J.
• Making Global Connections in a Chicago Classroom
  Discusses the development at Bowen High School (Chicago, IL) of firsthand experiences to create connections for students between their local and global worlds. Outlines the course, explains specific projects, and discusses links between the classroom and community.
• A Dialogue: Culture, Language, and Race
  A dialogue between Paulo Freire and Donaldo Macedo addresses current criticisms of Freire along gender and race lines, challenges misinterpretations of his ideas, and discusses what it means to educate for critical citizenry in a multiracial and multicultural world. (SK).
• Evaluating American Indian Textbooks & Other Materials for the Classroom
  This guide contains information and suggestions to help teachers review and evaluate textbooks and other materials for stereotypes, inaccuracies, omissions, and bias about American Indians and other Native Americans. Guidelines are presented to raise the awareness of educators and publishers about Native heritage, culture, and contemporary issues.
• Cultural Composition: Stuart Hall on Ethnicity and the Discursive Turn
  Interviews Stuart Hall, a black public intellectual and an activist of the New Left. Discusses the growing disillusionment with cultural studies now that it is no longer in its ascendancy; the proliferation of pedagogical practices given a cultural studies tag; Hall's approval of the use of popular culture in the composition classroom; and the concepts of ethnicity and multiculturalism.
• Multicultural Education: A Developmental Process. Spotlight: Montessori--Multilingual, Multicultural
  Maintains that multicultural education is a key element in the ongoing struggle to solve current educational problems. Presents Banks's (1988) phases in the evolution of multicultural education.
• "Sex", "Race" and Multiculturalism: Critical Consumption and the Politics of Course Evaluations
  Calls attention to the difficulties of broaching issues of "race" and "sex" in the classroom context of nationwide calls for multiculturalism. Discusses the current politics surrounding the importance of student course evaluations, and presents strategies for making evaluations more useful in the context of courses that include controversial material.
• Reclaiming the Borderlands: Chicana/o Identity, Difference, and Critical Pedagogy
  Argues that "Borderlands" discourse has served, and continues to serve, as a theoretical framework to advance educational theory by accounting for multiple subjectivity and difference. Provides historical background of Chicana/o Studies and its contribution to Borderlands theories.
• Issues in Mathematics Education with African American Students
  To teach mathematics successfully to African Americans, there must be modification of what math is as a knowledge. Recently, a framework was composed which delineated four disparate dimensions of math as a type of knowledge and how assessment varies as a result of the definitions.
• Effect of a Multi-Ethnic, Multicultural Program on Student Participants
  Describes the impact of a multi-ethnic, multicultural program, designed to immerse students in Mexican culture as a means of combating ignorance of and violence against members of ethnic groups at Fairfield University. Interviews, pretests and post-tests, and participant observations are used to determine whether the training program was responsible for changes in student perceptions and judgments.
• Race and Ethnicity Issues in the Sociology Curriculum
  Shows why the sociology curriculum in English education fails to acknowledge the multicultural nature of British society and ways in which sociology teachers can improve things through their own research and teaching. British teachers and students can learn about cultural differences together.
• Student Learning Resources. TEAMS Distance Learning: A Unique Design for Improving Mathematics and Science Instruction in the Elementary Grades [and] Technology and Multicultural Education
  Includes two articles: one describes the use of satellite transmissions to improve math and science instruction in elementary grades, including instructional design, transfer of learning, curriculum content, and distance learning instructors; the second one discusses new software and other technology for multicultural education. (LRW).
• Culturally Responsive Teaching for American Indian Learners
  Teachers in a multicultural society need to respect cultural differences, know the cultural resources their students bring to class, and be skilled at tapping into learners' cultural resources in the teaching-learning process. They must believe that all students are capable of learning, and they must implement an enriched curriculum for all students.
• Finding a Path to History and Culture
  Maintains that music technology growth can assist teachers in implementing interdisciplinary approaches involving history, culture, and music. Presents suggested classroom strategies utilizing CD-ROMs and other interactive media technology.
• Confronting Prejudice and Racism during Multicultural Training
  This book examines multicultural training program components to assess how trainees adopt, digest, or resist multicultural principles and practices.
• Examining Multicultural Picture Books for the Early Childhood Classroom: Possibilities and Pitfalls
  Picture books that depict the variety of ethnic, racial, and cultural groups within U.S. society (known generally as multicultural picture books) allow young children opportunities to develop their understanding of others, while affirming children of diverse backgrounds.
• Current Cases on Academic Freedom
  This paper discusses current court rulings on academic freedom at the college and university level.
• The Evolving Theme of Teaching Multicultural Art Education. Monograph Series
  This publication, sponsored by the U.S. Society of Education through Art (USSEA) as a forum of past presidents involving audience participation, aims to stimulate dialogue on the evolving theme of teaching multicultural issues and what affects student learning.
• Creating a Multicultural School Climate for Deaf Children and Their Families
  Offers guidelines to help educators of children with deafness build a multicultural learning environment for students and their families. Strategies are provided for developing cultural competence and tips are given for creating inclusive curricula and instructional approaches, choosing culturally diverse materials, and recruiting diverse staff.
• Literacy & Libraries: Learning from Case Studies
  This book presents 22 personal narratives in which library directors, program administrators, teachers, tutors, librarians, and adult learners explain firsthand how literacy programs at libraries across the United States have changed people's lives.
• Rethinking the Role of Multicultural Literature in Literacy Instruction: Problems, Paradox, and Possibilities
  Uses a cultural studies framework to demonstrate how multicultural literature is often trivialized and misused in literature-based classrooms. Critiques actual literature discussions and examines the content of several Asian American children's books to move toward a more complete understanding of critical literacy pedagogy and what it means to "read" in a pluralistic society.
• Educating Somali Children in Britain
  This book, which results from a broad study and research begun in the early 1990s, focuses on the needs and concerns and highlights constraints regarding Somali refugee children in the British education system. The book is intended for use by language specialists and classroom teachers, and others responsible for the education and welfare of Somali children.
• Reducing Stereotyping among 4th through 6th Grade Students by Strengthening Self-Esteem, Interpersonal Relationships, and Multicultural Appreciation
  This practicum study devised and evaluated a program designed to reduce overt incidents of stereotyping among diverse fourth through sixth graders in a large urban K-8 school.
• The Universal Classroom
  Explores the progress of multicultural education as an aspect of educational reform and as a form of accountability to significant constituencies of the present public education system. Discusses multicultural education as the effort by the public schools to cope with patterns of social change that highlight the issue of an academic underclass.
• Controlling Curriculum Knowledge: Multicultural Politics and Policymaking
  Utilizes New York state's development and attempted implementation of multicultural education as a case study providing a concise yet thorough examination of the principles, objectives, and controversies surrounding this issue. Delineates the people and organizations involved in grass roots organizing and media representation on both sides of the issue.
• Education & Justice: A View from the Back of the Bus
  This collection of essays reflects a lifetime commitment to education and democracy, bringing together views on race, justice, and equity for all students.
• All of Us Together Have a Story to Tell
  Outlines questions for teachers to consider when selecting books which may be challenged. Looks at two different stories of challenges to multicultural education, regarding whether an "outsider" has the right to relate the stories of another culture.
• Reflections on the "White Movement" in Multicultural Education
  Responds to an essay that examined the role of whites in multicultural education and reviewed three books, critiquing five of the essay's assumptions (e.g., there is a white movement in multicultural education, attention to whites' role in multicultural education is very recent, and the focus on white identity development in multicultural education signals a shift away from equity pedagogy). (SM).
• Cultural Diversity, Families, and the Special Education System: Communication and Empowerment
  This monograph addresses the way parents of minority students perceive the special education system, with specific attention to these parents' views of the process by which their children are designated as "handicapped.".
• Sharing Our Pathways: A Newsletter of the Alaska Rural Systemic Initiative, 2001
  This document contains the five issues of "Sharing Our Pathways" published in 2001. This newsletter of the Alaska Rural Systemic Initiative (AKRSI) documents efforts to make Alaska rural education--particularly science education--more culturally relevant to Alaska Native students.
• Writing Trauma, History, Story: The Class(room) as Borderland
  Theorizes the site of teaching and learning. Suggests that the current model of the classroom as multicultural contact zone applies best in those circumstances where there is substantial critical mass, but that in locations where the hegemonic mass far outnumbers the oppositional groups, the model of borderland (broadly conceived) is more productive for critical teaching and learning.
• The Relationship between Cultural Identity and Academic Achievement of Asian American Students
  A study investigated the relationship between students' level of interest in maintaining their cultural identity and their academic achievement. Subjects were 105 United States-born Chinese-American and Korean-American high school students attending two public high schools in Southern California.
• But That's Just Good Teaching! The Case for Culturally Relevant Pedagogy
  Describes the centrality of culturally relevant pedagogy to academic success for minority students who are poorly served in public schools, discussing linkages between school and culture, examining the theoretical grounding of culturally relevant teaching in the context of a study of successful teachers of black students. Provides examples of culturally relevant teaching practices.
• Multicultural Citizenship
  Great Britain's citizenship education helps prepare students for informed and responsible citizenship in a multicultural society. Social science teachers and researchers should consider factors that epitomize multiethnic Britain today as they teach.
• Alaska Native Personal Leadership Program
  Describes the Alaska Native Leadership Program (ANLP), designed to recruit and retain Alaska Native college students. The year-long program includes an orientation, a two-semester class on self-exploration, skill-building, educational and career paths, and social activities.
• The Journal for the Professional Counselor, 1998
  An official refereed branch journal of the American Counseling Association, this journal covers current professional issues, theory, research, and innovative practices or programs in all branches of counseling.
• [Religious Art] Fulbright-Hays Project 1997. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad, 1997 (Mexico)
  This lesson is intended to be incorporated into an Art I unit on religious art that introduces the rise of Christianity as a guiding force in Western art. The goal of the lesson is to compare and contrast the artistic representation of the Virgin Mary most commonly seen in Soria, Spain, with that image most commonly viewed in Mexico.
• Racism, Reconstructed Multiculturalism and Antiracist Education
  Offers a reformulation of the concept of racism that incorporates both biological and cultural elements, but also includes seemingly positively evaluated characteristics in addition to more obvious negative ones. Notes problems with concepts of "reconstructed multiculturalism" and the associated liberal-pluralist conception of "the unity of the nation." (DSK).
• The Comprehensive Support Model for Culturally Diverse Exceptional Learners: Intervention in an Age of Change
  This article discusses how students, teachers, families, communities, and government can work together using the Comprehensive Support Model (CSM) as an intervention for culturally diverse learners with exceptionalities. Embedded in the discussion are cases that illustrate functions of CSM.
• Developing an Inclusive Approach to Preschool Education: A Discussion of Issues and Strategies, with Implications Focussing on Quebec
  Examines cultural conditions necessary for children's development in day care settings, using Bronfenbrenner's Ecology of Human Development. Considers the parental role in this context; also the relationship between educators and parents, with a view to creating culturally appropriate conditions for the developing child.
• Children's Literature about Disabilities Enhancing Multicultural Education in Elementary Schools
  This paper describes the use of unbiased stories featuring children with disabilities as a part of presenting a multicultural perspective in elementary schools. It emphasizes that the inclusion of a multicultural perspective will help teach social acceptance rather than separation, and laments that current children's books about disabilities tell little about true experiences of people with disabilities and have had the ultimate effect of dehumanizing the people.
• Teaching Native American Music with Story for Multicultural Ends
  States that the alliance between story and music within Native American culture can be carried over into the curriculum. Provides a rationale for utilizing story while teaching Native American music, specifically related to the multicultural curriculum.
• Teachers' Responses to Policy Implementation: Interactions of New Accountability Policies and Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in Urban School Reform
  This paper explores how new accountability policies interact with culturally relevant teaching at the classroom level. When teachers are under the constraints of accountability and student testing policies, are they able to adopt and practice culturally relevant pedagogy in their classrooms? Previous research indicates that high-stakes accountability systems connected with standardized testing are viewed as having negative effects on teachers, the teaching profession, and curriculum and instruction.
• "Redefining Multicultural Education" by Ratna Ghosh. Book Review
  Discusses multicultural education policy in Canada in terms of a proposed redefinition toward a framework involving revision of the norm to include all groups of students. Argues that although the vision of multicultural education presented in Ghosh's book provides valuable suggestions of what multicultural education in Canada should be like, the suggested policy widens multiculturalism's scope beyond useful application.(JPB).
• Preserving Home Languages and Cultures in the Classroom: Challenges and Opportunities
  Decades of research document the powerful academic and socio-affective benefits of a strong home language base and affirmation of home language and culture as a valuable resource. This article explores the implicit challenges, daily realities, opportunities, and practical implications of incorporating language and culture into classrooms as they relate to culturally and linguistically diverse language learners.
• Latino Voices in Children's Literature: Instructional Approaches for Developing Cultural Understanding in the Classroom. Chapter 15
  As Mexican Americans are the largest language-minority population in U.S. public schools, an investigation of literature that authentically reflects Mexican American students' cultural experience is necessary for any teacher.
• Addressing Cultural Context in the Development of Performance-based Assessments and Computer-adaptive Testing: Preliminary Validity Considerations
  Discusses the research and steps needed to develop performance-based and computer-adaptive assessments that are culturally responsive. Supports the development of a new conceptual framework and more explicit guidelines for designing culturally responsive assessments.
• Critical Issue Bibliography (CRIB) Sheet: Multiculturalism and Faculty Development.
  One of the key areas in the creation of a multicultural environment on college campuses is faculty development. This CRitical Issue Bibliography (CRIB) Sheet focuses on faculty development as a key component of the multicultural campus environment.
• "More than I Bargained For": Confronting Biases in Teacher Preparation
  This paper presents the cases of four preservice teachers enrolled in a critical multicultural education course during Spring 2000, showing how the readings, cross-racial dialogues, and journal reflections that were part of the course helped students, for the first time and irrespective of race and gender, discuss their experiences and question personal views on race, class, gender, and sexuality.
• A Crisis in Graduate Studies
  Argues that Aboriginal graduate students are creating a crisis for faculties of education. The knowledge needed to supervise them as they produce theses is not available.
• Teacher-Researchers Entering into the World of Limited-English-Proficiency (LEP) Students: Three Case Studies
  Examines three white teacher researchers' classroom inquiries on their limited English proficiency students. Teachers were investigating students' way of perceiving, learning, and using their native and second language in different circumstances.
• Multiple Literacies and Critical Pedagogy in a Multicultural Society
  Multiple literacies are needed to meet the challenges of today's new technologies and multicultural society. Media literacy is necessary because media culture strongly influences people's world view.
• First Things First: Selecting Repertoire
  Presents three principles of repertoire selection: (1) select music of good quality; (2) select music that is teachable; and (3) select music that is appropriate to the context. Discusses how repertoire selection relates to the National Standards for Music Education.
• Integrating Multicultural Activities across the Mathematics Curriculum
  Integrating multicultural activities into mathematics instruction at all grade levels helps to foster appropriate and desirable attitudes about mathematics and its role in our culture. Multicultural investigations in mathematics reveal that many practices common to today's classrooms (such as reasonable guessing) served as the basis for solving various types of problems many centuries ago.
• Dreams of Woken Souls: The Relationship between Culture and Curriculum
  This paper examines the relationship between culture and curriculum, combining academic discourse relating to the construction of identity, policy, and curriculum and conversations with 42 members of a New Zealand intermediate school community about the nature of culture. Interviewers' comments and stories illuminate their views of Maori and White culture, cultural differences and interrelationships, intergroup relations in school and community, and cross-cultural communication and learning.
• Beyond the Popular and Politically Correct: Multicultural Education and the Reform of Theatre Pedagogy
  Multicultural education is still a relatively new trend in the American system of higher education. As with any new pedagogy, there is a tendency to reduce the genuine possibility of educational reform to mere superficiality--good intentions lacking substance.
• Bilingual Education for All: A Benefits Model for Small Towns
  Suggests a curriculum for rural and small-town schools that combines bilingual education in local languages (indigenous, heritage, or immigrant languages) with global, multicultural education. Discusses benefits to students and community, and ways that the model overcomes typical rural constraints of inflexible school organization; administrative and public resistance; and lack of bilingual teachers, materials, and funding.
• Children's Literature as a Springboard for Music
  Maintains that children's literature is a treasure waiting to be discovered by music educators. Describes how children's literature can enhance student motivation, creativity, and foster multicultural education.
• Beyond Enhancement: The Kennedy Center's Commitment to Education
  Asserts that exposure to high-quality arts performances with accompanying educational experiences enlivens teaching and learning. Maintains that few schools have taken advantage of opportunities provided by arts-presenting institutions.
• Internationally-Minded Schools
  States that international education is not necessarily exclusive to international institutions. Describes a number of national and government-funded schools that offer "internationally minded" programs.
• Literacy and Effective Teaching in Diverse Classrooms
  This study explored the ways in which English educators could most effectively plan and implement their teaching to best serve the multi-literacies of the diverse student populations in today's schools.
• The Pacific Islands Project: Promoting Social Tolerance and Cohesion through Education. Report 1: Stakeholders' Assessment. Report 2: Operational Assessment. Report 3: An Educational Framework for the Promotion of Social Cohesion and Democratic Participation in Schools
  A project sought to develop a general operational framework for the design of a school-based citizenship education agenda tailored to the specific social and cultural environment of Pacific Island nations. In particular, the project addressed how educational systems in these multicultural societies can forge national identities while promoting social tolerance and understanding, supporting community participation, and strengthening democratic processes.
• Presence of Mind: Education and the Politics of Deception: A Dialogue with Pepi Leistyna
  Pepi Leistyna's book "Presence of Mind" discusses how schools of education deter teachers from understanding the world's complex political, historical, social, and economic realities. Educators must develop what C.
• Secondary Transition of Multicultural Learners: Lessons from the Navajo Native American Experience
  This discussion of the impact of culture and cultural differences on school and work and the importance of enhancing multicultural awareness also reports on a study that evaluated the experience of 22 Navajo Native Americans high school graduates in transition. Findings stress the importance of students' significant relationships, limited educational and vocational perceptions, and connection to homeland and culture.
• A Question of "Style": Black Teachers and Pupils in Multi-Ethnic Schools
  Discusses new areas of investigation for causes of underachievement in black children, drawing on pertinent work in the United States, recent British research, and several personal accounts by black teachers. The article concludes by highlighting the role of black educators in multiethnic schools and points to their dual position in relation to the black community and educational establishment.
• The Native American Learner and Bicultural Science Education
  Explanations of natural phenomena within a traditional Native American context are often at odds with Western scientific philosophy and what is taught in school science. Herein lays a very real conflict between two distinctly different worldviews: the mutualistic/holistic-oriented worldview of Native American cultures and the rationalistic/dualistic worldview of Western science that divides, analyzes, and objectifies.
• Applying Banks' Typology of Ethnic Identity Development and Curriculum Goals to Story Content, Classroom Discussion, and the Ecology of Classroom and Community: Phase One. Instructional Resource No. 24
  This instructional resource describes ways in which J. A.
• What Keeps Teachers Going?
  This book examines what can be learned from veteran teachers who not only continue to teach but also manage to remain enthusiastic about it despite deprivation and challenges.
• American Educational History Journal, 2001
  This 2001 annual publication contains 31 articles on topics germane to the history of education. Each year, this journal publishes papers presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest History of Education Society.
• Providing Preservice Teachers with Experiences in Multicultural Classrooms
  The minority population in North Dakota is very small, less than five percent. Most of the students at Valley City State University (VCSU) are white and from middle class families; only about eight percent of the student body represent diverse cultures.
• Leaders of Color as Catalysts for Community Building in a Multicultural Society
  Presents a vision of multicultural education as a validating and inclusive process for non-European ways of knowing. Classifies multicultural education as inclusionary, emancipatory, liberatory, critical, and transformative.
• Teachers' Views of the Nature of Multicultural Literacy
  A study used focus groups to determine what teachers from a variety of settings think should be the multicultural content of literacy courses for preservice teachers. The three focus groups consisted of a total of 22 preschool through high-school teachers, all of whom taught, or had taught, in culturally and/or linguistically diverse settings.
• America Reads Challenge: Tutors to Teachers
  Investigated how the America Reads Challenge might help recruit tutors to the teaching profession. Focus groups and surveys of college tutors in urban settings indicated that they enjoyed the experience and believed it increased and confirmed their desire to teach.
• An Observational Study of Multicultural Education in Urban Elementary Schools
  Presents an observational study of multicultural educational practices within 12 elementary schools in a major metropolitan area of the south central region of the United States. Reveals the use of the Multicultural Teaching Observation Instrument in measuring teacher support of students, classroom equity, and integration of students' culture within a multicultural education setting.
• A Career Odyssey. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Career and Technical Education/International Vocational Education and Training Association (74th, San Diego, California, December 7-10, 2000). Business Education Division
  These six papers present sound research in business education. "Status of Full- and Part-Time Business Faculty at Two-Year College and Perceived Importance of Selected Professional Services" (Marcia A.
• A Framework for Infusing Multicultural Curriculum into Gifted Education
  This article offers a framework for infusing multicultural curriculum into gifted education that integrates two, heretofore, parallel models in education, Benjamin Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives (1956) and Banks and Banks' (1993) model of multicultural education. (Contains 15 references.) (DB).
• Aiming High 2: Straight A's
  This book explores the key themes of raising achievement and the various strategies in both teaching and learning which will lead to students achieving their potential. Experienced A-level teachers reflect on issues including: the link between cultural awareness and developing linguistic skills; teaching study skills and learning strategies as an integral part of all aspects of teaching and learning a modern foreign language.
• Towards Equal Educational Opportunities for Asylum-Seekers
  Interviewed and surveyed staff, asylum-seeking/refugee English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) students, and ESOL students who came for other reasons at one British college, examining why the college's ESOL provision featured separate programs for the two groups. Discusses: the consequences of this divide; teacher discourses; alternative pedagogies; labeling of students; integrated provision; and multicultural education.
• Multicultural Education and the Standards Movement: A Report from the Field
  The current obsession with standardizing curricula and measuring output may further reduce teacher agency and marginalize segments of our society that are already cheated by the system. Enormous discrepancies exist among public-school facilities, resources, and teachers.
• Multiculturalism and Multicultural Education in an International Perspective
  The concept of multiculturalism is explored and several approaches to multicultural education are discussed, drawing examples from North America, Europe, and Australia. This conceptual framework is used to describe and analyze the current state of affairs in these fields in the Netherlands.
• Multicultural Issues and Attention Deficit Disorders
  Current inadequacies in addressing the instructional needs of multicultural students with attention deficit disorder (ADD) are discussed, along with language and learning style issues. Approaches for instruction and evaluation of students are suggested that take into account diverse learning styles.
• Enhancing the Reading Engagement of African-American and Hispanic Learners in Inner-City Schools: A Curriculum Guide for Teacher Training. Instructional Resource No. 21
  There is a mandate for teachers who are trained to meet the needs of the increasingly more culturally diverse populations, particularly in urban schools. General competencies which all teachers of urban learners should develop include respect for cultural differences and a belief in the abilities of culturally different learners.
• Researching Mathematics Education and Language in Multilingual South Africa
  Explores policy, practice, and research issues related to teaching and learning mathematics in multilingual classrooms in South Africa. Focuses on code-switching in multilingual mathematics classrooms.
• Dare We Criticize Common Educational Standards?
  Offers a critical discussion on the issue of educational standards by (1) clarifying issues surrounding educational standards, (2) critically examining the assumptions underlying popular discourse about standards, and (3) offering and arguing for an alternate perspective based on democratic ideals. Discusses the impact of this on classroom teaching.
• Beyond Bilingualism: Multilingualism and Multilingual Education. Multilingual Matters Series
  This collection of essays on multilingual education includes the following: "A Global Perspective on Multilingualism and Multilingual Education" (G. Richard Tucker); "Psycholinguistic Perspectives on Multilingualism and Multilingual Education" (Jasone Cenoz, Fred Genesee); "Curriculum.
• An Outsider's View Inside: 21st Century Directions for Multicultural Education
  Draws on the work of James A. Banks and adds the perspective of a cultural outsider to consider the future of the discipline of multicultural education, considering politics, technology, educational context, cultural capital, and the nature of culture.
• Salad Bars & Smorgasbords: The Management of Culture in Sweden & the United States
  Investigates multiculturalism and education in Sweden through historical accounts, national course plans and guidelines, current theory, discussions with scholars, classroom observations, and 23 interviews of late-secondary/early postsecondary teachers of civics and Swedish language arts. (EMS).
• Educational Change in Southeast Asia: The Challenge of Creating Learning Systems
  Examines the rapidly changing context of educational change in Southeast Asia. Explores how a changing global education ideal (multiculturalism) and technological innovation affect schooling purposes and practices.
• Toward a Literature of Difference
  Contributes the first steps in the establishment of literary standards produced from readings of children's texts that are culturally different in form and context. Discusses instances in which the role of the literary critic comes into conflict with the responsibilities of the multicultural educator.
• New Approaches to Multiculturalism Reviewed
  Provides capsule reviews of a number of publications related to multicultural education and minority students in the United Kingdom. Focuses on five treatments of multicultural education and antiracist education and comments briefly on 14 other books related to issues of minority education.
• Teaching Multicultural Social Studies in an Era of Political Eclipse
  Recommends that teachers combine multicultural education with an inquiry-based approach to social studies to help students critically examine society. Addresses the different obstacles when adopting this approach and offers an example of the inquiry method at work.
• Research, Writing, and Racial Identity: Cross-Disciplinary Connections for Multicultural Education
  Examined how white students in an undergraduate multicultural education course experienced difficult, emotional content about racism. Analysis of samples of students' reflective writing indicated that the coursework influenced students' racial identities.
• Can Multicultural Education Change What Counts as Cultural Capital?
  Identifies ways in which multicultural education can transform cultural capital, examining thee dynamics that constrain the potential for cultural capital transformation through multicultural education. These constraints mean that multiculturalism may be unlikely to transform cultural capital, and may actually undermine the conditions for its formation.
• Dismantling White Privilege: Pedagogy, Politics, and Whiteness. Counterpoints: Studies in the Postmodern Theory of Education, Vol. 73
  Challenging the assumption that the study of race focuses only on "people of color," many scholars are investigating the historical and social construction of "Whiteness." This book critically interrogates whiteness across contexts; contends that "marking" Whiteness--illuminating veiled cultural assumptions of Whiteness as the norm--is an important step toward social justice; and links analyses of Whiteness to the discourse of critical pedagogy.
• Immigrant Children in Our Classrooms: Beyond ESL
  Strategies for supporting immigrant students include providing opportunities for self-expression, ensuring that all students see themselves reflected in the curriculum, providing translation for key events and documents, having teachers and staff that reflect student cultures, maintaining first-language skills, making special efforts to communicate with parents, and training students to support new peers. (TD).
• Teaching Multicultural Classes. 2nd Revised Edition
  The guide is designed to assist teachers in postsecondary education, particularly vocational education, with some students from language backgrounds other than English. It both offers suggestions for classroom organization and interaction and poses questions to stimulate teachers' examination of the processes at work in the learning situation.
• Geometry in the Middle Grades: A Multicultural Approach
  After appropriate research, 18 geometry lessons were created using a multicultural approach. The lessons were designed to replace portions of a middle grades geometry curriculum dependent upon standard textbooks, and were piloted in an independent New York City school.
• Race, Class, and Gender Considerations in Nursing Education
  The curriculum revolution in nursing education is a direct result of outdated modes of teaching and learning that fail to prepare students for nursing in a diverse society. Little dialog is occurring on the topic of the inclusion of multiculturalism into the curriculum.
• Creative Experiences for Young Children. Third Edition
  Noting that a creative approach to early childhood education allows teachers to reinforce the foundation of achievement by encouraging and expanding upon children's play activities, this book provides teacher-developed ideas and strategies for creating learning communities in the early childhood classroom.
• Focus on Elementary (Ages 7-10): A Quarterly Newsletter for the Education Community, 1999-2000
  This document consists of four issues of a newsletter for educators at the elementary level. Each issue features articles on a specific theme along with regular columns.
• Including Appalachian Stereotypes in Multicultural Education: An Analysis of Bill Bryson's "A Walk in the Woods."
  Analyzes stereotypes of the South and Appalachia in a recent nonfiction bestseller, demonstrating that prejudice against southerners and Appalachians is so entrenched that it goes unquestioned. Discusses how such stereotypical books can be used in multicultural education classes in Appalachian colleges.
• Many Voices: A Journal of New Settlers and Multicultural Education Issues. Volumes 6-12.
  The seven issues of this New Zealand journal contain brief articles on a variety of immigrant and multicultural education issues.
• White Noise: The Attack on Political Correctness and the Struggle for the Western Canon
  Reviews debates about political correctness, multiculturalism, and the Western Canon in education, analyzing why the Canon needs defending and what it says about education. The paper describes flaws in the arguments of those attacking political correctness and defending the Canon, suggesting that the case for multiculturalism and diversified curriculum needs substantial strengthening to be feasible.
• Achieving Congruence between Learning and Teaching Styles in Linguistically Diverse Environments
  While several studies focus on how students learn, very few focus on how teachers teach. It has been assumed that successful learning is judged by effective teaching.
• Redefining Multicultural Education: A Humanitarian Perspective
  Multicultural education should not be used for politically motivated purposes such as combating racism, developing cultural identity, or ending poverty and inequality. It should embody universal humanity, morality, and freedom, uniting people but maintaining their uniqueness and individuality.
• Japan and Georgia: Economic Partners. For Students in Grade Eight. Instructional Materials about Japan (IMAJ)
  This manual provides suggestions and materials for teaching about Japan. Designed as a supplement to typical textbook treatments, the lessons provide a range of readings, visuals, and activities to enrich and deepen student learning about Japan.
• The Other Canadian "Mosaic": "Race" Equity Education in Ontario and British Columbia
  Examines the implementation of Canadian federal policy on multicultural and antiracist education in Ontario and British Columbia. Focuses on the perspectives of 42 "active players" in the field of race equity education, including teachers, faculty, administrators, and activists.
• Language Barriers and Teaching Music
  Maintains that every public school student deserves an opportunity to study a musical instrument. Asserts that a limited command of English should not prevent a student from being accepted into instrumental music class or hinder that student's progress.
• An Examination of Gender Differences among Teachers in Jamaican Schools
  Examines the history of education in Jamaica, then discusses why there is an absence of male teachers in younger grades. Interviews with teachers and principals from six primary and elementary schools indicate that, similar to educational staff in North America, respondents have stereotyped attitudes regarding the teaching of young children being the realm of women.
• Integrating the Arts: Renaissance and Reformation in Arts Education
  Asserts that the general educational curriculum tends to be fragmented and compartmentalized and that this situation would be improved by curriculum integration. Argues that an interdisciplinary arts approach would require new teacher attitudes and instructional strategies.
• Discovering Indigenous Science: Implications for Science Education
  Explores aspects of multicultural science and pedagogy and describes a rich and well-documented branch of indigenous science known to biologists and ecologists as traditional ecological knowledge. (Author/SAH).
• Deep Reading: Building a Schematic Bridge across World Mythology and Multicultural Literature
  The study of mythology that passes on stories is cultural reproduction. By focusing primarily on classical Greek and Roman mythology, teachers handicap students' ability to enter into dialogue about more diverse literature, thus limiting their ability to live more fully in today's diverse, multicultural world.
• The Impact of a Standards Guided Equity and Problem Solving Institute on Participating Science Teachers and Their Students
  This study examined the effect of a teacher enhancement project combining training on the National Science Education Standards, problem solving and equity education on middle school science teachers' attitudes and practices and, in turn, the attitudes of their students.
• Early Childhood Special Education for Children with Disabilities, Ages Three through Five: An Introduction. Revised
  This introduction to a reference guide for early childhood special education personnel in North Dakota discusses the purpose of the guidelines, the North Dakota philosophy on the importance of early intervention programs, and quality indicators of early intervention programs.
• Preparing Teachers for Diverse Classrooms: A Report on an Action Research Project
  This paper reports on a collaborative effort to achieve the following objectives: (1) identify attitudes, knowledge, and skills teachers need to educate effectively all students in a culturally diverse classroom; (2) develop models of preservice and inservice education that will provide education and socialization necessary for effective education of multicultural student populations; and (3) identify the systemic issues that must be addressed to implement the models successfully.
• Action Research and Practical Inquiry: Multicultural Content Integration in Gifted Education: Lessons from the Field
  An informal survey of 71 teachers of the gifted participating in an in-service course on gifted education suggested that many teachers had goals and experiences related to multicultural curricula for gifted children. Through the survey, teachers also identified obstacles they encountered in implementing multicultural activities and benefits they perceived.
• Promoting Multicultural Education: A Holistic Approach
  Discusses the efforts by many of the major student affairs professional associations to develop training and teaching methods that will prepare practitioners for the changing student populations on university campuses. Article summarizes the critical multicultural objectives from the most recent student affairs philosophy statements and applies theory to practice from a holistic perspective.
• The Candle and the Mirror: One Author's Journey as an Outsider
  Chronicles the author's journey as an outsider who authored a book for children about the harvest traditions of the Tohono O'odham people. Describes how her concern about the lack of literature to serve as a mirror and a candle to reflect and illuminate the lives of Tohono O'odham children led her on a journey that was both painful and affirming.
• Continuing Tensions in Education
  Introduces this special theme issue discussing tensions in education stemming from public school reform. Discusses the issue's focus on (1) standardized testing; (2) developmentally appropriate practice; and (3) full inclusion.
• A Mountain Cultural Curriculum: Telling Our Story
  Studies the development and implementation of a six-week curriculum to expose denigrating Appalachian Mountain stereotypes and supplant them with images that children create after investigating their West Virginia mountain cultural history of oppression and rebellion. Bases the development of the curriculum on multiple conceptions of multicultural education.
• Teachers' Perceptions of working conditions: Impact of job design on stress, commitment, and intent to leave
  This report summarizes results of a survey of special educators regarding first, their working conditions related to central office support and, second, the impact of administrative support on their job satisfaction, commitment, and intent to leave.
• Deconstructing Whiteness as Part of a Multicultural Educational Framework: From Theory to Practice
  Based on emerging theoretical work on White racial identity, argues that a central problem of multicultural education involves challenging the universalization of Whiteness. Proposes a theoretical framework to advance a multicultural perspective in which the exploration and deconstruction of Whiteness is key.
• Bridging the Cultural Divide: Reflective Dialogue about Multicultural Children's Books
  Reflects candidly upon the author's commitment to multicultural education and the resistance she initially encountered from white, female preservice teachers. Relates how the author and her undergraduate students found ways to break the silence and bridge their cultural divide through the use of multicultural children's and adolescent literature, reader response journals, and dialogue.
• Unraveling Multicultural Education's Meanings: An Analysis of Core Assumptions Found in Academic Writings in Canada and the United States, 1981-1997
  Analyzes conceptions of multicultural education found within academic literature from 1981 to 1997. Identifies five key social and educational beliefs that generally have not been subject to academic scrutiny, and suggests that contradictions within the literature may have a potentially destructive impact on efforts to improve intercultural relations.
• Already Reading Texts and Contexts: Multicultural Literature in a Predominantly White Rural Community
  Examines how the inclusion of multicultural texts played out in one predominantly white rural community, focusing on repercussions of a key event that set off conflict in the community and describing how various interpretations of this event haped teachers' and community members' beliefs about the selection, interpretation, and teaching of multicultural literature. (SM).
• Globalizing Instructional Materials: Guidelines for Higher Education
  Discusses issues in training students to be culturally literate and the process for creating, designing, and developing cross-cultural (globalized) instructional materials. Defines terms associated with globalizing instructional materials and the process of adapting these materials to other cultures.
• The Invisible Made Visible: Documentaries about Living with Psychological Disabilities
  Reviews a decade of films and videos about depression, schizophrenia, and other emotional and psychological conditions as they affect women and men of different cultures. The article begins with a revelation by a recognized leader in multicultural education about his own struggle with depression and about how psychological disabilities are often omitted from the larger discussion of social justice and equity.
• Resources for Multicultural Awareness and Social Action
  Contends that many teachers do not educate elementary age students about prejudice because they lack access to appropriate resources. Provides teachers with an annotated list of curriculum, journals, and organizations they may use to help young students make connections between institutionalized prejudice, intercultural competency, and their own power to produce change.
• Increasing Multicultural Awareness through Correspondence: A University-School Partnership Project
  This paper describes an e-mail-based correspondence project between 56 pairs of university-school partners: pre-service teachers enrolled in a multicultural education course, and middle school students enrolled in language arts classes in a culturally diverse, economically depressed community.
• Cultural Awareness through Biographies
  One teacher educator's approach to developing cultural awareness among future teachers was to have them read biographies and autobiographies about teachers in a variety of situations. Student responses to the personal stories are discussed.
• Mask-making and the Art in Multicultural Art Education
  Profiles the use of mask-making in an art education program at San Pedro Academy in Los Angeles. San Pedro is an all-male private school for elementary, middle and high school students with emotional and behavioral problems.
• Rejoinder: Infusing Indigenous Science into Western Modern Science for a Sustainable Future
  Comments on the responses to the original article in this journal issue concerning universalism and multiculturalism. Indigenous science offers important scientific knowledge that western modern science has not yet learned to produce.
• Multiliteracies and Life Transitions: Language, Literacy and Numeracy Issues in Aboriginal Health Worker Training--An Investigation
  The issues of language, literacy, and numeracy (LL&N) in Aboriginal health worker (AHW) training in Australia were explored to determine how these issues interrelate, overlap, and influence the types of literacy practices required in indigenous contexts. Data were collected through two workshops and formal and informal discussions with a sample of nine AHW trainers from four organizations.
• Bibliographie annotee de ressources complementaires. Etudes sociales: Secondaire, 7e a 12e (Annotated Bibliography of Further Resources. Social Studies: Secondary School, Grades 7-12)
  This annotated bibliography offers resources for teaching the social studies for grades 7 through 12.
• Historical Perspectives on Biographies for Children as Content for Multicultural Education
  Booker T. Washington and W.
• Strategies of Transformation toward a Multicultural Society: Fulfilling the Story of Democracy. Praeger Series in Transformational Politics and Political Science
  Multicultural education helps fulfill the story of democracy by encouraging each person and each community to become present and heard in individual identity. Strategies of transformation are necessary to enable people from all backgrounds to ask questions about current society and to participate in the creation of the nation's history.
• Critical Multiculturalism and Racism in Children's Literature
  Multicultural literature can help elementary students learn about cultural differences and racial bias and examine their prejudices and stereotypes. Critiques five children's books that emphasize the African American experience.
• Calligrapher or Keyboard Operator? Multilingual Word-Processing in the Primary School
  Explores the educational applications and potential of using multilingual word-processing in primary schools and offers solutions to technical difficulties. It provides tips on software selection, training, and introducing the program to parents and pupils.
• "Challenge Us; I Think We're Ready": Establishing a Multicultural Course of Study
  Discusses how students can relate to Mark Mathabane's autobiographical novel "Kaffir Boy"--his questioning why he must attend school, his open defiance of his father, and his struggle to resist peer pressure. Examines where an all-white high-school faculty started in terms of developing a multicultural literature program, where they have been, and where they see the program in the near future.
• Excelencia Para Todos--Excellence for All: The Progress of Hispanic Education and the Challenges of the New Century. Remarks as Prepared for Delivery by U.S. Secretary of Education, Richard W. Riley (Bell Multicultural High School, Washington, DC, March 15, 2000)
  The main theme of Richard W. Riley's speech is the importance of quality education to America's Latino community.
• Teachers as Cultural Workers. Letters to Those Who Dare Teach. The Edge: Critical Studies in Educational Theory
  The essays in this collection, presented as letters to teachers, reaffirm Paulo Freire's place as the most significant educator in the world during the last half of the 20th century. As North America experiences a rapid change to conditions approximating those of the Third World, Freire's pedagogy becomes more important, not only for his methods of reading instruction but for the ways in which they can develop students' ability to be aware of themselves in the world and in their cultures.
• The Educational Systems of Schools in Bulgaria, Romania, and Delgado Community College. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad 1996 (Bulgaria and Romania)
  This paper examines the educational systems of Bulgaria and Romania, as compared to the educational environment in an English as a Second Language (ESL) department at Delgado Community College (Louisiana). The document interweaves vignettes of personal experiences gained while in those two countries with those as an instructor in the United States.
• TexTile Math: Multicultural Explorations through Patterns. Grades 3-6
  This book features 34 reproducible student activities exploring textile design through a combination of mathematics, art, and multicultural education. Using colorful squares and triangles, students explore geometry, numbers, area, fractions, logic, and discrete mathematics, while incorporating multicultural themes in the study.
• Understanding Language, Community, and Culture in the Teaching-learning Process
  Reviews four books by respected scholars in the field of multicultural education. These works present conceptual resources and pedagogical strategies to help explain the importance of understanding the language, community, and culture of students.
• Embracing a Democratic Vision of the Community College: A Critical Multicultural Response to Recent Debates
  Discusses "Strengthening Collegiate Education in Community Colleges" (J. S.
• What Helps Students of Color Succeed? Resiliency Factors for Students Enrolled in Multicultural Educators Programs
  This study investigated factors that helped students of color enrolled in multicultural educator programs succeed academically, focusing on resiliency factors that supported their academic success (defined as college graduation or current enrollment at the sophomore level or higher). First an initial focus group with several minority students verified whether resilience factors from prior research were sufficient.
• Seeking Our Students in Literature: Teachers' Perspectives (The Research Connection)
  Presents results of a survey of Florida teachers of English/language arts regarding the teaching of literature, the literary canon, and multicultural literature. Suggests that teachers must accept and embrace the fact that they are multicultural educators--not because of the literature they teach, but because of the students they teach.
• A National Survey of the Use of Multicultural Young Adult Literature in University Courses
  Surveys professors regarding their attitudes about the use of multicultural literature in their adolescent literature classes, and examines syllabi to determine which adolescent literature authors are being taught. Finds these professors value multicultural literature both in theory and in practice.
• American Art Appreciation Activities Kit: Ready-To-Use Lessons, Slides, and Projects for Grades 7-12
  This resource kit, for secondary teachers of art, social studies, and the humanities, presents an art appreciation activities program that spans the visual art history of the United States.
• Who Belongs Here? Portraying American Identity in Children's Picture Books
  Provides examples of children's literature that can be used to begin dialogs on issues of similarities, differences, prejudice, exclusion and inclusion, violence, and social justice. Picture books chosen for broad appeal and multiple uses, even with older students, are described.
• Developing Cultural Proficiency in Clinical Practice
  This paper suggests that in an increasingly multicultural world, cultural competence requires that racism, power, oppression, and privilege be fully acknowledged and addressed to maximize the effectiveness of clinical interventions. Psychotherapists must learn to appropriately address racial or cultural differences in the therapy room.
• Teaching Every Child Every Day: Learning in Diverse Schools and Classrooms. Advances in Teaching and Learning Series
  Chapters in this book address the problems faced in today's diverse neighborhoods, schools, and classrooms, as well as the opportunities diversity provides. The schools, teachers, administrators, families, and communities drawn on in these selections provide examples of the effective integration of what is known about achieving success for all students as they illustrate what can be and is being done.
• Bridges on the I-Way: Multicultural Resources Online. HAPI Online: Hispanic American Periodicals Index
  Reviews the Hispanic American Periodicals Index (HAPI Online), which covers information about Central and South America, Mexico, the Caribbean Basin, the U.S. Mexican border, and Hispanics in the United States.
• Educazione bilingue e multiculturale, istruzione bilingue, immersione totale: quattro nozione da definire (Bilingual and Multicultural Education, Bilingual Instruction, Total Immersion: Four Notions Needing To Be Defined)
  This article suggests that the terms "bilingual education, multicultural education, bilingual instruction, and total immersion" refer to four distinct processes, each needing to be defined more clearly. To define them, a theoretical framework is proposed based on two sets of variables.
• Kaleidoscope: A Multicultural Booklist for Grades K-8. Fourth Edition. NCTE Bibliography Series
  The fourth edition of this annotated bibliography collection offers students, teachers, and librarians a helpful guide to the best multicultural literature (published from 1999 to 2001) for elementary and middle school readers. The book continues a tradition of promoting unity through diversity by highlighting fiction and nonfiction published by and about people of color.
• "The Politics of Location": Text As Opposition
  Foregrounds issues of race, ethnicity, and education, and ties together two important issues in teaching basic writing: how social and pedagogical issues in higher education shape possibilities for bicultural students' writings, and how these students can use their developing sense of literacy and their texts to explore identity. Discusses ethnographic research conducted in a writing course, focusing on texts a student wrote.
• GlobaLinks: Resources for World Studies, Grades K-8
  For years, criticism of education in the United States has focused on the nation as ethnocentric. Schools can maximize their students' multicultural experiences by developing curricula that heighten global consciousness and responsibility.
• Opening the Dialogue: Using Culture as a Tool in Teaching Young African American Children
  Relates how the author, a White teacher, discovered how to teach her African American students by learning to understand their culture. Discusses how she became aware of the cultural discontinuity in her classroom, and began a dialog with African-American friends, fellow teachers, children, parents, and multicultural literature to change her style of teaching to meet her students' needs.
• The Acceptance of a Multicultural Education among Appalachian College Students
  Explored the multicultural predispositions of 437 students in a Central Appalachian university, discovering which sort of multicultural programs garner weaker and stronger support. Tested explanatory models incorporating a mix of 21 independent variables, some drawn from sociological, psychological, and political science studies of reactions to other multicultural programs.
• Science Teaching, Culture and Religious Values
  Examines approaches to science teaching in a multiethnic context as well as contradictions to present models. Seeks to define the parameters of an antiracist approach to science teaching and provides ideas and a list of useful resources for classroom teachers.
• Cultivating Hybrid Texts in Multicultural Classrooms: Promise and Challenge
  Explores the potential of hybridity for supporting critical pedagogies that seek to transform the knowledge, texts, and identities of the school curriculum. Draws on microanalyses of oral and written texts constructed by a Latina student perceived to be struggling academically.
• Partnership for Change: The NALSAS Strategy. Interim Progress Report of the First Quadrennium of the NALSAS Strategy, 1995-1998. Corp Author(s): Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs, Carlton South (Australia)
  The basic tasks of the National Asian Languages and Studies in Australian Schools (NALSAS) strategy has been to resource and promote the teaching and learning of Asian languages and studies of Asia in Australian schools. NALSAS focuses on four Asian languages: Chinese (Mandarin), Indonesian, Japanese, and Korean.
• Multiethnic Children's Literature: Its Need for a Permanent Place in the Children's Literary Canon
  This literature review emphasizes teaching from a multicultural perspective with a focus on integrating multiethnic literature into the core curriculum. Multiethnic literature has been defined as literature dealing with peoples of diverse backgrounds within the United States, including African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans.
• Asking the Right Questions: Helping Mainstream Students Understand Other Cultures
  Two common tendencies that lead many mainstream students to misinterpret other cultures are the combative response and the exoticizing response. These misinterpretations, however, can be excellent learning moments for helping students understand the constructed nature of culture and the contextual nature of learning.
• Taming Multiculturalism: The Will to Literacy in Composition Studies
  Presents a review of composition textbooks and professional discourse. Claims the transformative potential of multiculturalism is often subordinated to the task of reducing "cultural distance," and that acquiring multicultural literacy may demand a long, deep and compliant congruity with dominant-culture literacy education.
• Multicultural Self-Development in the Preservice Classroom: Equity Education for the Dominant Culture
  European American educators can no longer ignore or presume to "serve" other sociocultural groups simply by changing those groups. Within a democratic and pluralistic society, individuals must be equally willing to modify their own beliefs and actions in light of the experiences and concerns of others.
• Multiethnic Children's Literature. Book Review
  Reviews a guide to children's literature for and about Latinos, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans. Suggests ways to improve the book's usefulness, including a more global perspective, more rigorous research about specific cultural references, and better student activities.
• The Problems with Native American Mascots
  Lays out the main arguments against the use of Native American mascots, including that mascots represent racist stereotypes of Native Americans; the stereotypes focus on the past and obscure the lives of contemporary Native Americans; mascots misrepresent, distort, and trivialize many aspects of Native American culture; and mascot stereotypes have a negative impact on Native American lives. (SM).
• Gender and Attainment: A Review
  This report covers studies and statistics that provide information about the attainment of Scottish boys and girls by the time they leave school. The report considers their performance in public examinations, differences in attainment between boys and girls in primary and earlier secondary school, and differential staying on rates and uptake of opportunities in further and higher education with particular reference to Scotland from 1985-95.
• "Mama," Affection, and Migration: Recommended Books about Latinos for Children and Adolescents
  Presents an annotated bibliography of books to teach children and adolescents about Latinos and the Latino culture. Topics of the books range from the spirit of the Latino folk arts to poetic expressions, migration stories, and insightful essays about Cuba under Castro.
• This Issue: Rethinking Social Studies
  Introduces a theme issue on rethinking social studies education, discussing: pluralist visions of human possibility; citizenship education and participation; classrooms as laboratories of culture; and educating the educators. The paper suggests that these articles might provoke further discussion about how social studies could influence and shape future generations.
• Learning Me Your...Science Language
  Demonstrates how science instruction can only be effective when teachers are aware of differences in children's language and their culture. The author argues that it is important to recognize when linguistic or cultural understandings lead children to wrong answers that to them seem totally logical.
• Bicultural Team Teaching: Experiences from an Emerging Business School
  A new graduate business course in Vietnam team taught by American and Vietnamese instructors illustrates issues in bicultural team teaching, including team formation, sharing workloads in and out of class, and evaluation/grading. The process made the class more relevant, exposed students to multiple perspectives, and helped participants appreciate their own and other cultures.
• Shifting the Ground of the Familiar: Using Autobiography and Intercultural Learning in a Time of Transition
  Explores the challenges of living in an unfamiliar physical and cultural environment through the concepts of complexity, self-organization, and chaos. Discusses creative resilience, composed of risk taking, reflection, and relationships, and its role in adult learning for sustainability.
• Developing Strategies and Practices for Culturally Diverse Classrooms. The Bill Harp Professional Teachers Library Series
  Designed to teach educators how to consciously develop strategies and practices for cultural groups that are at risk for education failure, this book defines and describes diversity; offers a unique process for developing strategies to serve diverse populations; and provides opportunities to practice the approach through questions, exercises, and scenarios.
• Teaching World War I from Multiple Perspectives
  Outlines a multicultural approach to World War I that emphasizes the truly international character of the war, in which many soldiers and support workers from European colonies were compelled to participate. Discusses the fighting in East Africa and Asia, as well as, the contributions of the Indian Expeditionary Forces.
• Tackling Racism in Our Schools: A Perspective from Telford and Wrekin and Shropshire
  Describes the approach taken to address racial discrimination in schools in an area of England that has relatively few minority students. Also describes a brochure that was prepared to alert parents about the existence of racism in the schools, and what they can do about it.
• Implications and Strategies in Collection Development for Multicultural Education at Tennessee State University
  This document profiles the role of Tennessee State University's Brown-Daniel Library in its collection development activities for a culturally diverse student body. It recommends that a series of goals and objectives be maintained in the selection criteria of library materials for students having diverse backgrounds.
• Making the Most of the Classroom Mosaic: A Constructivist Perspective
  Teachers today are required to be sensitive to a wider range of multicultural differences than ever before. Explores whether they can combine teaching content into a single package for all children, or whether they must continuously repackage the content for each of the diverse groups they teach.
• Picture Story Books that Teach Children about Appalachia: Problems, Perplexities, and Proposals (Part 3)
  Synthesizes research presented in two previous "Southern Social Studies Journal"articles that reviewed picture books about the topic of Appalachia. Discusses the problems that were encountered and offers nine proposals as solutions to these problems.
• Assessment in the Context of Culture and Pedagogy: A Collaborative Effort, a Meaningful Goal. Introduction and Overview
  The articles in this special theme issue discuss the relevance and effectiveness of strategies for developing assessments with students and teachers of color as the focal point. They contribute to a critical discourse on the potential of culturally responsive performance-based assessments.
• The Role of a European American Scholar in Multicultural Education
  Attempts to broaden the theoretical base and practical applications of multicultural education by examining the contributions of European American educators to the process. Advocates members of the dominant culture using their own lives as starting points for studying how that culture is maintained.
• Everyday Heroes
  Designed for low-level adult learners, this book contains true stories of 20 men and women who have faced and overcome serious challenges in their lives. The book is intended to inspire and motivate developmental students in basic reading and writing classes.
• Merits and Perils of Teaching about Other Cultures
  Suggest that it is important for students to be taught about multi-cultural history, but in order to ensure that multi-cultural education is a glue, rather than a solvent, of U.S. community, there must be dedicated, knowledgeable, and honest teaching that reveals to students the ways in which all human beings are alike.
• From Section 11 to Ethnic Minority Achievement--Reports from around the Country
  Participants in the Association of LEA (Local Education Agency) Advisory Officers in Multicultural Education in the United Kingdom present their views about the difficulties in moving from the previous funding provision for ethnic minority students, (Section 11), to the Ethnic Minority Achievement Grant funding provisions. (SLD).
• Country Roads, Hollers, Coal Towns, and Much More: A Teacher's Guide To Teaching about Appalachia
  Describes the geographic and economic aspects of Appalachia. Asserts that Appalachia is an appropriate topic within multicultural education.
• Imaging Difference: The Politics of Representation in Multicultural Art Education
  Examines the notion of "accurate" and "authentic" representations of culture in multicultural art education discourses focusing on two specific areas, museums and aesthetics. Questions the view that by replacing stereotypic representations with purported accurate and authentic representations will fix misunderstandings regarding non-white people and their cultures.
• Americanization and the Schools
  Argues that a common mainstream American culture (a system of common knowledge and root attitudes as well as the English language) should take precedence in the schools over attempts to enforce multiculturalism and bilingualism, which only deepen the disadvantage of the children of the unassimilated. (SR).
• Dramatized Experience, Civil Discourse, Sensitive Issues
  Describes the author's experience when the director and teacher-trainers of a writing program persuaded him that the oral interpretation he wished them to perform was too troubling and explosive to use. Outlines his questions and anguish about the incident, and the urgency of dealing with the dilemmas of multiculturalism, racial intolerance, and the teaching of writing.
• Standards and Practices: Children's Literature and Curricula Reform for the Twenty-First Century
  Maintains that implementing the new social studies curriculum standards has been a challenge for many elementary teachers. Asserts that high-quality children's literature is essential for an integrated, multicultural curriculum.
• Arteacher, 1995-96
  The official publication of the Michigan Art Education Association (MAEA), this journal serves as a forum for its members to express and share ideas, for the promotion of art education at all levels and for all ages. Issues focus on specific themes, have reprints of conference keynote speeches, and feature regular departments, including: elementary, middle school, and high school divisions news; and the "MAEA Directory" of officers.
• Making the Paths: Constructing Multicultural Texts and Critical-Narrative Discourse in Literature-History Classes. Report Series 7.8
  Developing students' ability to use multicultural perspectives and knowledge to think about literature, history, and society is emerging as an important part of a pluralistic approach to education.
• Multicultural Education and School Leadership
  Report of a study of principals' and teachers' perceptions of implementing multicultural education.
• Using Effective Teaching Strategies To Improve the Academic Performance of Culturally Diverse Students in a Public Elementary School
  This report describes a practicum project designed to help first- through fourth-grade teachers acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and strategies necessary to work effectively with a diverse student population; improve the social and academic performance of culturally diverse students; and increase parent involvement at school.
• Multicultural Training for Undergraduates: Developing Knowledge and Awareness
  Determined whether training undergraduates (N=58) in multicultural issues improves awareness of their own cultural assumptions, values, and biases, along with their knowledge of other world views and cultural assumptions. Results indicate that undergraduates who completed a multicultural course reported increased multicultural awareness.
• Defining "Science" in a Multicultural World: Implications for Science Education
  Examines the definition of science put forward from multicultural perspectives in contrast to the universalist perspective of science. Argues that good science explanations will always be universal, even if indigenous knowledge is incorporated as scientific knowledge.
• Those People: You Know Who They Are
  Describes the ways in which a group of graduate students in a theory of multilingual education class learned to identify groups they had been taught to regard as "those people," others to be distrusted or disliked. Dialogue about who represented "those people" for each student led to considerations of race, class, gender, and religion.
• A Somatic Epistemology for Education
  Philosophers of education need a methodology for ensuring that what they teach does not contain cultural evils. What is needed is a criterion by which cultural practices can be evaluated so that educators know what to teach.
• Rainbows: Stories and Customs from Around the World. Grades 3-6
  This book, appropriate for use in grades 3-6, presents information about nine regions of the world: Malaysia; Costa Rica; Taiwan; New Mexico, United States; Japan; India; Nigeria; Thailand; and China.
• Constructing an Image of a White Teacher
  To confront racial issues in their classrooms, white student teachers reflected on their identities as white teachers and their understandings of multiculturalism. By confronting their identities and challenging the meaning of being white teachers, they could better pursue teaching practices to alter the way white students are educated about themselves and about multicultural education.
• Depoliticizing Multicultural Education: The Return to Normalcy in a Predominantly White High School
  Examines how teachers at a predominantly white, middle-class high school enacted multicultural education into the course, "Cultural Issues." Explores course examples which suggest that micro-political contexts of school and community-shaped curriculum and instruction are important, but in unacknowledged ways. Argues that attention must be paid to the influence of contextual norms.
• Why Language Learning Matters
  Most education systems prepare their students to function in the national language and at least one additional language. However, only one-third of U.S.
• Carnegie Corporation's Youth Intergroup Relations Initiative. Report of a Meeting Convened by Carnegie Corporation of New York (New York, NY, October 15-17, 1997)
  The Carnegie Corporation's initiative, established in 1996 to create a "new generation of tolerance," included grants to 16 institutions for cutting-edge research in various social science disciplines. Some themes are presented from the second meeting of project leaders for these research efforts.
• Multicultural Content in Social Work Graduate Programs: A National Survey
  A national survey of 45 faculty and 75 deans and directors of graduate-level multicultural social work programs found that there was heavy reliance on traditional teaching methods; an increasing number of groups and topics were being covered; coursework was poorly linked to field practicum experience; and teacher attitudes were associated with ethnic and racial background. Contains 80 references.
• Significance of Ethnomathematical Research: Towards International Cooperation with the Developing Countries
  Development assistance was started for the sake of reconstruction of Europe shattered by World War II, and turned its attention to north- south problems starting at the Development Decade by the United Nations in 1960. In spite of all the efforts the international community has made, the situation for poor countries seems to have worsened and many insurmountable problems still lie ahead.
• A Teacher-Researcher Perspective on Designing Multicultural Mathematics Experiences for Preservice Teachers
  Discusses the appropriateness and impact of some multicultural mathematics-education assignments for future elementary-school teachers, assignments designed to combat the myth that mathematics is pure abstraction. Discusses a teacher-researcher's effort to use the stage theory of J.
• A Therapeutic Moment? Identity, Self, and Culture in the Anthropology of Education
  Considers the need for critical inquiry into the notion of identity, suggesting that the field might reconsider an approach that moves beyond identity toward consideration of cultural models of self. Cultural theory, multiculturalism, and transcultural comparisons of teacher and learning are suggested as areas where self appears to be a useful construct.
• Improving the retention of special education teachers. Final report. RTI project 5168
  A 3-year research and development project examined ways to improve the retention of special education teachers in the Memphis (Tennessee) City Schools. Several individual studies identified sources of dissatisfaction with teaching and the conditions that would encourage career longevity among teachers.
• Shattering the Denial: Protocols for the Classroom and Beyond
  This book examines how to address and reduce racist practices in the schools, featuring an antiracist education teacher study that provided baseline figures on teacher perceptions of racism and demonstrated how teachers can successfully implement antiracist concepts in their classrooms.
• The Hakayak's Last Odyssey: A Computer Game with a Difference
  A computer game was created to increase student awareness of major philosophical and ethical questions, and to teach them to analyze the history of humanity from a multicultural perspective. Discussion includes objectives, strategy, design, how pedagogical requirements are met, and initiating changes in attitudes.
• Critical Citizens for an Intercultural World: Foreign Language Education as Cultural Politics. Languages for Intercultural Communication and Education
  This book explores the development of critical cultural awareness through the process of teaching and learning about foreign cultures. It draws upon theoretical foundations relating to inter- and intra-cultural communication from contemporary philosophical movements, namely critical theory and postmodernism.
• "Making Connections:" An International Literary Project. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad 1996 (Bulgaria and Romania)
  This paper describes a project designed to create a student literary magazine that would explore and compare the childhoods and the cultural rites of passage of Romanian, Bulgarian, and U.S. students.
• East Meets West: Using Multi-Cultural Groupwork to Develop the Cross-Cultural Capability of Tomorrow's International Managers
  Increasing globalization of business means that those educating tomorrow's managers must prioritize the development of cross-cultural capability. Presents a case study of a British international business program at one university that successfully used multicultural groupwork for this purpose.
• A Convergence of Transformative Multicultural and Mathematics Instruction? Dilemmas of Group Deliberations for Curriculum Change
  Reports on efforts to produce a multicultural mathematics curriculum for grades K-6 that was socially transformative. Describes the perplexity of issues related to the definition of multicultural and mathematics curricula for social transformation, the complexities of group deliberation, and the demands involved in the teacher-research process.
• Preparation of Nurses to Meet the Needs of an Ethnically Diverse Society: Educational Implications
  Culturally appropriate health care has yet to emerge in Britain. To prepare nurses to meet the health needs of ethnic minorities requires awareness of their own cultural identity, cross-cultural understanding, and recruitment of students from ethnic groups.
• Facilitating Culturally Integrated Behaviors among Allied Health Students
  Cultural integration, an ongoing process of cultural awareness, competence, and action, is essential for allied health professionals. It may be fostered through a curriculum emphasizing critical reflection and active and experiential learning, including immersion in other cultures.
• Learning Together
  Describes a teaching assignment at a Department of Defense (DoD) high school in Puerto Rico with bilingual Latin students influenced by island cultures. Discusses classroom cultural awareness and the importance of understanding and appreciating students' backgrounds when cultural or ethnic differences exist in the science classroom.
• Multicultural Education in the Zionist State--The Mizrahi Challenge
  Reports that the educational experience of Israeli Jews from Islamic countries (Mizrahi Jews) demonstrates the struggle between egalitarian rhetoric (a critical multiculturalism with a social-democratic character) on one hand and a practice of segregation (an autonomist multiculturalism with fundamentalist features) on the other. (Contains 78 end notes.) (PGS).
• Keepers of the Word
  Describes the work of three bilingual story tellers, one Navajo and two Hispanic Americans, who communicate about their own language and culture while increasing the respect for other cultures of those who hear them. Storytelling is an excellent way to introduce children to other languages and cultures.
• Genres of Research in Multicultural Education
  Develops a conceptual framework of research genres that illustrates the complex multidisciplinary roots of multicultural education. Includes examples of research to clarify the nature of the genres and the interactive connections across genres within the framework as a whole.
• Democratic Understanding: Cross-National Perspectives
  Compares goals, policies, and practices related to citizenship education in the United States and other countries, illustrating how social studies in the United States can give greater attention to democratic discourse, decision making, and civic education. To adequately prepare citizens for the future, social studies educators must pay greater attention to multicultural and global content and pedagogy.
• Stereotyping Chinese in Multicultural Art Education
  This paper examines the ways in which multicultural art education, the curriculum of "Multiculturalism Canada" and a renowned instructional text lack indigenous consideration and ignore alternative concepts of scholarship of art history. Although multicultural education is considered important in Canada, the paper contends that there are significant problems in its implementation.
• Student Self-Empowerment: A Dimension of Multicultural Education
  Examined ways in which 27 urban ninth graders from diverse backgrounds displayed empowering behaviors and attitudes. Students clearly voiced that they were in control of their actions.
• The Geography of Germany: Lessons for Teaching the Five Themes of Geography. Social Studies, Grades 9-12. Update 1997/1998
  This packet contains five lessons related to the five themes of geography: location; place; human-environment interaction; movement; and region. The lessons are designed to support the teaching of courses in world geography, U.S.
• To Teach Me Is To Know Me
  Proposes three solutions to the continuing problem of disproportionate representation of multicultural students in special education programs: (1) training of culturally and linguistically diverse teachers in teacher preparation programs; (2) inclusion of multicultural education perspectives in special education; and (3) the implementation of culturally responsive instruction in classroom settings. (Author/DB).
• Children's Literature for Pre-K. Theme: Hooray for Pre-K (September)
  This annotated bibliography provides a list of books appropriate for preschoolers that help teachers develop class routines and expectations. Two topics have emerged from this review: classroom and school activities and first school experiences, including feelings.
• A Rationale for Multicultural Art Education Focused on the Florida Model
  Why focus on art instead of on some other discipline to approach intercultural understanding? This paper argues that because art is about the spirit, the self, the soul, the things that people think are important, it should be the key choice. To lay the foundation for this argument, the paper addresses art as communication of core values and ideas.
• The Multicultural Science Framework: Research on Innovative Two-Way Immersion Science Classrooms
  Reviews the different approaches to multicultural science teaching that have emerged in the past decade, focusing on the Spanish-English two-way immersion classroom, which meets the needs of Spanish speakers learning English and introduces students to the idea of collaboration across languages and cultures. Two urban two-way immersion classrooms in Texas and New York are described.
• Helping Gifted Minority Students Reach Their Potential: Recommendations for Change
  Describes factors that hold promise for recruiting and retaining minority students in gifted education programs, including having equitable, culturally sensitive screening and identification instruments and procedures; providing minority students with a quality education; addressing problems that interfere with minority students' achievement; and better preparing educators in gifted and urban/multicultural education. (SM).
• Teens Working: Turning Earning into Learning. Facilitator Guide [and] Critical Workplace Issues [and] Student Guide.
  These guides are part of a toolkit designed to help young people make connections between the jobs they now hold, the classes they are taking, and the goals they may have for the near and distant future. The guides contain a variety of materials and activities appropriate for all skill levels.
• "Our Own Voice": The Necessity of Chicano Literature in Mainstream Curriculum
  Discusses the importance of Chicano literature in mainstream curriculum for higher educational attainment and personal fulfillment, providing historical background on the education of Chicanos, describing Chicano literature, and making recommendations for implementing Chicano literature at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. Notes the importance of teaching Chicano students how their culture differs from other Hispanic cultures.
• Towards a Multicultural Society: Bringing Postmodernism into the Classroom
  Asserts that western civilization's belief in the differentiation between object and subject impedes a true multicultural discourse. Praises the postmodernist approach, that self-evident reality is actually a politically constructed text, as being useful in identifying subjectivity.
• Ways that Work: Putting Social Studies Standards into Practice
  This book presents a collection of ideas about how social studies and language arts can be combined to promote learning and to create an active, informed citizenship for the 21st century.
• American Indians in Children's Literature
  Critical discussion of American Indians in children's books, the school curriculum, popular culture, and society-at-large.
• Enhancing Multicultural Sensitivity through Teaching Multiculturally in Recreation. Research Update
  This paper addresses the utilization of teaching from a multicultural perspective to enhance multicultural sensitivity and awareness, discussing the inclusion of multicultural teaching in the university recreation curriculum and the delivery of leisure services. The concepts of multiculturalism are presented, explaining how to incorporate them into recreation and leisure curricula.
• Challenges for Multicultural Education: Sociolinguistic Parallels Between African American English and Haitian Creole
  Focuses on the issue of Black native languages in the educational system in the context of curricular reforms emanating from the multicultural education movement. Examines how multicultural education has dealt with the needs and concerns of African Americans and Haitians.
• Raising Ethnic Minority Attainment: The Role of Curriculum 2000
  Describes the revision of the National Curriculum in England and discusses the potential of the revised curriculum for raising the achievement of ethnic minority students. The curriculum demonstrates a clear commitment to the education of minorities and includes provisions for citizenship and health education.
• Other people's children: Cultural conflict in the classroom.
  This collection of nine essays suggests that many academic problems attributed to children of color actually stem from a power structure in which the worldviews of those with privilege are taken as the only reality, while the worldviews and culture of those less powerful are dismissed as inconsequential or deficient.
• Teaching and Testimony: Rigoberta Menchu and the North American Classroom
  The articles collected in this book use the testimonial narrative of Rigoberta Menchu, a Mayan-Quiche of Guatemala and winner of the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize, to engage students in vital and relevant cross-cultural learning in a variety of disciplines, locations, and levels. The book tells teachers' stories of using Menchu's testimonial in their classrooms, and invites reflection on the transformative possibility of integrating previously marginalized voices.
• Multicultural Theorists and the Social Studies
  Questions the multiculturalists' vision that an ethnic group's self-esteem and subsequent academic achievement can improve through the study of its culture. Cites the paucity of studies supporting the effectiveness of interventions to improve inter-ethnic group attitudes.
• De Que Colores: A Critical Examination of Multicultural Children's Books
  Examines children's books which highlighted multicultural issues, with the understanding that what is said about multiculturalism is as important, if not more so, than the simple fact that multiculuralism is discussed. Uses an adaptation of Mulvey's (1975) "gaze," to examine whiteness in seven multicultural children's books.
• Learning To Live Together
  This quarterly journal offers information about diverse aspects of education in countries throughout the world.
• Reducing Racism in Schools: Moving beyond Rhetoric
  Addresses the problems of racism in schools and reviews the historical and contemporary context of the policies and programs to reduce it. Discusses obstacles and challenges to implementing effective antiracist policies and programs.
• Pinunuuchi Po'og'ani: Southern Ute Indian Academy
  Describes the Pinunuuchi Po'og'ani, the Southern Ute Indian Academy, providing Montessori education for Southern Ute tribal members ages 6 weeks through 10 years and reviving the use of the Southern Ute language and culture among young students and their families. Describes how the program supports families, students, and staff, and incorporates Montessori-style materials covering Ute language, history, culture, arts, timelines, and traditional games.
• Multicultural Literature, Equity Education, and the Social Studies
  Considers the value of multicultural literature as a means of promoting social development for the greater good of society. Multicultural literature can be used across grade levels and subject areas to promote substantive social development, and it can improve the social studies curriculum by supplementing traditional materials.
• Teaching Multiculturalism: Focus on People
  This article details a project for teaching elementary school students to understand and accept multicultural differences. This task is made easier by involving actual international visitors.
• Developmentally Responsive Multicultural Education for Young Adolescents
  Discusses ways middle school educators can promote harmony among young adolescents and within the community by providing multicultural educational experiences that address three developmental characteristics: forming cultural identities; establishing close friendships with and positive opinions of others; and developing a sense of justice and fairness. (JPB).
• Inclusive Schooling in a Plural Society: Removing the Margins
  A multi-centric model of education is proposed that actively works to de-center dominant Eurocentric knowledge and incorporate other worldviews throughout all aspects of teaching and learning. The model has four primary learning objectives: integrating multiple centers of knowledge, affecting social and educational change, recognizing and respecting difference, and teaching youth and community empowerment.
• The Academic Language Gap
  Discusses reasons for the deep resistance students feel about assuming the role of self-conscious intellectualizer and contentious argument-maker that is demanded by academic courses. Argues that educators will miss the point if, in their dwelling on texts, canons, and political philosophies, they ignore or romanticize this resistance.
• Mapping Multiculturalism
  Multiculturalism has become a major framework for analyzing intergroup relations in the United States, but the meanings of the term have become less and less clear. The 26 essays in this collection map the terrain of multiculturalism in its varied dimensions and discuss its future.
• Re-establishing Antiracist Education: A Response to Short and Carrington
  Responds to the article "Reconstructing Multicultural Education: a Response to Mike Cole" in which Cole defends his views of antiracist education and the role of cultural racism, the teaching of controversial aspects of other cultures, reconstructed multiculturalism as opposed to student misconceptions, and nationalism within the context of Britishness. (CMK).
• Should We Become More International or More Regional? Aspects of Minority Higher Education in Europe
  Addresses the problem of educating minorities when the political borders of European nation-states fail to coincide with ethno-linguistic realities. Suggests two solutions to problems of higher education for ethno-linguistic minorities: (1) multilingual universities, and (2) regional cooperation in higher education in border areas.
• "Life Took Me Elsewhere." The Roma Tutoring Project in Romania
  Describes the plight of the Roma (the preferred word for "Gypsy") in Romania, and the Roma Tutoring Project, intended to help Roma children succeed in school. Discusses the project's activities to sponsor the writing of children's books in Romania based on Roma children and culture, and with a tutor training project based on the language experience approach.
• Teaching Sciences: The Multicultural Question Revisited
  Summarizes the case for a universalist approach to science education. Examines the weaknesses of universalism within the limits of human cognitive capabilities in constraining what we understand about nature, a description of reality as a flux, and the disunity of science and the role of culturally different forms and social organization of research shaping the cognitive content of the sciences.
• Opening the Closet: Multiculturalism that Is Fully Inclusive
  A rationale for fully inclusive multiculturalism is proposed by reviewing the experiences of gay and lesbian youth that place them at risk in society and school, how homophobia and heterosexism hurt gay and nongay individuals, and the goals and role of multicultural education in creating a more just and equitable society. (Author/SLD).
• Interrupting "Truths," Engaging Perspectives, and Enlarging the Concept of "Human" in Classroom Drama
  Summarizes the author's doctoral dissertation research--a longitudinal, multi-case study of drama practices at the tenth-grade level in a Catholic secondary school for girls. Examines the ways drama education engages girls' experiences and personal/cultural knowledge and expands the perspectives and discourses available to them.
• From Metaphoric Landscapes to Social Reform: A Case for Holistic Curricula
  Discusses two related dilemmas: (1) the tension between the Western view of historical progress and the realities of modern society; and (2) the tension between old and new approaches to teaching and learning about the arts. Argues that the end result of implementing the Goals 2000 program might diminish the teaching of the arts as discrete subjects.
• Shifting Identities in Private Education: Reconstructing Race at/in the Cultural Center
  Examines social constructs of white racial identity among adolescent girls attending a largely white, elite, private, single-sex high school. Students' voices illustrate how liberal discourses position youth and how white youth actively remake themselves in relation to prevailing meanings and practices institutionalized in private schools.
• The Necessity of a Multicultural Teaching Canon and the Mexican-American Novel
  Asserts that when taught in isolation from its literary tradition, the multicultural work becomes a stepchild to the Anglo-European tradition. After reviewing the criticism of multicultural literature, argues in favor of a multicultural canon that informs teaching, and provides some background information and a tentative reading list to aid in teaching the Mexican-American novel.
• Infusing Multiculturalism into Educational Psychology: Influence on Preservice Teachers' Attitudes toward Teaching African American Students
  The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the influence that multicultural infusion would have on preservice teachers in an educational psychology course. Eight educational psychology classes at the same university participated in research to assess preservice teachers' attitudes toward teaching African American students.
• Multicultural Education Program Evaluation, 1995-96. Assessment/Accountability Report
  In 1993-94, the Board of Education of the City of New York distributed more than $1 million to augment existing multicultural initiatives in professional or curriculum development. Districts and superintendencies in the city also designed a 3-year program to facilitate the planning and scope of these initiatives.
• Mixing It Up: Multicultural Support and the Learning Center
  Reports on Macalester College's (Minnesota) Learning Center peer-mentoring, speaker, and workshop programs, which were designed to focus on anti-racism activism and reorganization of multicultural affairs. Analyzes ambiguity of terms "racism" and "multiculturalism" and argues that a systematic approach is necessary to move toward realizing the vision of a vibrant multicultural and multiracial learning community.
• Target Practice: Some Equality Implications of Current Educational Reforms
  Discusses the social and political contexts of proposed British educational reforms designed to address social justice and summarizes the discussion at the Association of Local Education Advisory Officers in Multicultual Education (ALAOME) March 1998 meeting. The ALAOME has drawn up a list of characteristics of effective schools in a multicultural context.
• The Effect of Mode of Instruction and Instrument Authenticity on Children's Attitudes, Information Recall, and Performance Skill for Music from Ghana
  Determines whether modes of instruction and uses of different instruments affect students attitudes, recall, and performance skill for Ghandian music. Stresses that authentic instruments are important in achieving optimum attitude and knowledge outcomes in multicultural music instruction.
• Technology as a Tool in Multicultural Teaching
  Explores various applications of multimedia, interactive, Internet, and Web-based electronic tools to multicultural teaching, asserting that while sound classroom pedagogy and constructive dialogue are still very important in education, technology integration is a useful addition. Suggests that these new media broaden the form of materials available to students in multicultural contexts.
• Multicultural Science: Who Benefits?
  Comments on three articles in this issue on universalists versus multiculturalists. Supports teaching culturally relevant science.
• Rethinking Education: Strategies for Preparing Educators To Teach in a Multicultural Society
  Considers how institutions of higher learning can plan for change to prepare teachers for teaching in an increasingly multicultural society. Discusses empirical-rational, power-coercive, and normative-re-educative strategies.
• Christian Privilege: Breaking a Sacred Taboo
  The author discusses the concept of privilege in terms of the benefits enjoyed by Whites and men. This article presents a new theoretical perspective focusing on religious privilege and includes a list of privileges that are enjoyed by members of the dominant religious group (i.e., Christians) in the United States.
• Making Space: Merging Theory and Practice in Adult Education
  This book represents the beginning dialogue and critique of social, political, economic, and historical forms of hegemony operating in the adult education field. Twenty-three chapters are grouped into five sections.
• Hockey Night in Canada and Waltzing Matilda: Examining Culture in a Global Classroom
  This paper, the result of a collaboration between professors at the University of Calgary in Canada and Ararat Community College in Victoria (Australia), was presented at the 2001 Teaching the in Community Colleges Conference, "Teaching and Learning: What Have We Discovered and Where Are We Headed?".
• Quality Assurance and the South African University System: Defining the Impact of External and Internal Trends on the South African University System and Its Quality
  Examines the influence of a number of factors on quality assurance in the South African university system, including a new national system for standardizing training, national quality assurance initiatives, a new proposed role for universities, the shift from a monocultural to a multicultural educational environment, trend toward mass higher education, increased access to education, and a new government-university relationship. (Author/MSE).
• No Pot of Gold at the End of the Rainbow
  By 1993, New York City's multicultural and innovative Children of the Rainbow curriculum had been discontinued and the education chancellor fired. This article examines the curriculum's development and implementation and the controversies surrounding it.
• Issues for Citizenship in the Post-14 Curriculum: What Needs To Be Done To Contribute To Raising the Achievement of Ethnic Minority Pupils
  Discusses the new National Curriculum in England in relation to the government's policies aimed at raising academic standards. The new Unified Framework does have the potential to raise the achievement of all students if it is implemented carefully.
• Teaching Multicultural Concepts in a World Language Classroom
  Multicultural education is an idea, a concept, and a reform movement that should be present at all levels of schooling. This project outlines two multicultural units taught in a high school French IV and V class.
• Class of 2000: The Prejudice Puzzle[SM]. A Teachers' Guide. A Presentation of National Public Radio[R] Specials Project
  This teachers' guide accompanies a series of reports from National Public Radio's "Class of 2000: The Prejudice Puzzle," which was broadcast on September 9-15, 1990. The series explores the impact of prejudice on the lives of young people through several interviews from a diverse student population.
• Facilitating Multicultural Programming through Cooperative Extension FCS Programs
  Responses from 122 extension professionals showed that 56% offered programs targeted to specific groups. Deterrents to multicultural programs included lack of time, resources, and limited training; 95% recognized the need to address cultural differences and were receptive to learning about different groups.
• Crossing the Lines: Toward a Curriculum of Comparative Design
  Explores multiculturalism in art and design education, considering whether the tenets of design education are biased in favor of Western cultural traditions. Moving beyond traditional teaching to the reflexive study of non-Western design asks students not to assume that principles of design exist unless they can prove such principles to themselves.
• Understanding the Functions and Forms of Racism: Toward the Development of Promising Practices
  The public looks to schools to address prejudice and discrimination. Several models of and approaches to multicultural education are described.
• Multicultural Education: Ways To Utilize the Historically Black Land-Grant Agricultural Programs
  The historically black land-grant institutions, sometimes referred to as "1890" institutions, have achieved many agricultural successes that can be used effectively in the multicultural education movement. These institutions have recently celebrated over 100 years of progress and productivity through teaching, research, and service to a culturally diverse world, and they have many lessons to offer multicultural education.
• Color-Line to Borderlands: The Matrix of American Ethnic Studies. American Ethnic and Cultural Studies Series
  This collection of essays traces the historical development of ethnic studies, its place in U.S. universities and the curriculum, and new directions in contemporary scholarship.
• To See One Another More Clearly: A Pacific Children's Literature Web Project
  Discusses the Pacific Children's Literature Web Project, which uses the Internet as a vehicle for building and sharing the cultures of Guam, Micronesia, and the Pacific. Describes how the website was developed, presents an overview of the site with selected student webpage examples, offers suggestions for developing a website with students, and lists Internet resources.
• Educacao Intercultural e a Dificuldade de sua Pratica: Um Estudo da Imagem do Migrante e sua Familia em Livros Didaticos Alemaes. (Intercultural Education and the Difficulty of Its Practice: A Study of the Image of the Migrant and His Family in German Textbooks.)
  Provides a brief historical report on pedagogical efforts to improve the integration of migrants and their families into German society. Examines the way in which the migrants' social situation has been dealt with in textbooks, particularly in books on politics, history, geography, and occupational education.
• The Multicultural Middle College High School: An Attempt at Creating an Innovative Bilingual High School
  Research on bilingual education has suggested three areas as critical for quality bilingual education: (1) school climate and organization; (2) curriculum content and delivery; and (3) instructional strategies. These three areas form a framework that was used to evaluate the Multicultural Middle College High School (MMCHS), an alternative bilingual high school created by a group of teachers from the Boston (Massachusetts) public schools.
• Reflections on Multiculturalism in Developmental Education
  Reports on an effort to better understand the impasse and create conditions for constructive local discussions and reforms relating to multiculturalism. Reports how a group of developmental education professionals in a large, interdisciplinary developmental education unit understand multiculturalism.
• 25 Years of Multiculturalism--Past, Present, and Future, Part 1
  Reviews the implementation and early successes and failures of multicultural education in Canada. Although multicultural education was officially adopted as an educational policy in 1971, it has been reworked and revamped as problems and challenges have arisen.
• Evaluating an Intercultural Internet Writing Project through a Framework of Activities and Goals
  A framework for student Internet writing projects is proposed that consists of learning outcome goals and component activities. The framework is intended to be useful when designing and developing Internet writing projects and when evaluating student outcomes.
• What Do Teachers Teach? A Survey of America's Fourth and Eighth Grade Teachers. Civic Report
  This report contains results from a survey of U.S. fourth and eighth grade teachers that examined their teaching philosophies, classroom teaching methods and practices, academic expectations for students, and opinions on other education policy issues.
• Revisiting the Supreme Court's Opinion in Brown v. Board of Education from a Multiculturalist Perspective
  Reexamines the Supreme Court's school desegregation opinions, including "Brown v. Board of Education," and concludes that a multicultural society was not part of the Supreme Court's vision of public schools.
• "I Wish I Could Have Been There Dancing with You": Linking Diverse Communities through Social Studies and Literature
  Profiles the Indiana Exchange Project, an endeavor that uses technology to link fourth-grade teachers and students from three geographically and ethnically diverse communities. The students exchange letters, photographs, response journals, local newspapers, and videotapes of classroom and community activities.
• The Pit Boss: A New Native American Stereotype?
  Stresses the importance of U.S. history textbooks containing information that is accurate, realistic, and comprehensive, noting that while there are increased portrayals of Native Americans in today's history textbooks, portraying them in a stereotypical manner that suggests a single type of Indian culture is inappropriate and may affect students' attitudes toward Native Americans or their own self-esteem.
• Expressing a Global Perspective: Experiences in a Mexican Classroom
  Argues that expanding the global perspectives of students requires strategies focusing on knowledge and point of view. Provides four exercises used in a Mexican high school to allow students to identify, express, and understand their own global perspectives.
• The Values of a Global Perspective
  Asserts that college curricula, student activity programs, and institutional partnerships should each work toward the goal of promoting multicultural awareness. States that, as the nations of the world become more accessible to one another, students must learn to live comfortably with other peoples and cultures, and that teachers are instrumental in opening students' minds to this prospect.
• Creating Culturally Relevant Holiday Curriculum: A Negotiation
  Describes the holiday celebration of Dia de los Muertos at Pacific Oaks Children's School in Los Angeles. Considers the decision to celebrate the holiday, preparation for the celebration, its place in the curriculum, its relationship to Halloween, adult conflicts related to personal religious values, children's misunderstanding of the rituals, and conflict maintenance.
• Predictive Characteristics of Multicultural Counselling Competence
  This paper looks at multicultural counseling competencies from a national sample of Canadian Guidance and Counseling Association members.
• Teaching More about Korea: Lessons for Students in Grades K-12
  The lessons in this book may be used as a unit of study on Korea or as supplemental lessons to ongoing social studies programs. The book is divided into seven parts with lesson plans in each area.
• South Africa: A Place for English Teaching Pioneers
  Discusses the importance of English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) education in the multicultural country of South Africa, where for the majority of residents, English is the second language. Examines the variety of languages of South Africa, the language-education crisis in South Africa, and the country's need for language teachers.
• "The Multicultural Math Classroom: Bringing in the World" by Claudia Zaslavsky. Book Review
  Argues for the place of mathematical literacy in a just society, and examines the value of the reform movement in mathematics education toward multiculturalism and whole language from the experience of a fifth-grade teacher of mathematics. Critically examines classroom activities suggested by Zaslavsky's book in terms of appropriateness for achieving the goals of a multicultural curriculum.
• Multicultural Education in the United States: A Historical Review
  Examines the development, fluctuations, and growth of U.S. multicultural education from a historical perspective, from colonial times through the 20th century, concluding with some reflections on its future course.
• For Knowledge: Tradition, Progressivism and Progress in Education--Reconstructing the Curriculum Debate
  Draws on realist theories of knowledge and epistemologies in the philosophy of science in order to argue that databases around the English school curriculum would benefit from such approaches. Reviews ways that knowledge has been conceived as social in educational thinking.
• "If There Is a Better Intercultural Plan in Any School System in America, I Do Not Know Where It Is": The San Diego City Schools' Intercultural Education Program, 1946-1949
  Explores the history of the San Diego City Schools' attempts at intercultural reform after World War II, noting educators' response to specific student and community needs in the wake of racial, ethnic, and religious tensions. The 3-year intercultural program was one of the first of its kind in California and became a model for other cities to follow.
• Epistemic Universalism and the Shortcomings of Curricular Multicultural Science Education
  Identifies both epistemic and political shortcomings in the portrayal of science found in curricular multicultural science education. This approach denies the unique characteristics of Western science as it ignores the particular strengths of other systems of thought and has the unexpected political effect of reaffirming scientism.
• Learning How To Ignore Racism: A Case Study of One White Beginning Teacher in "The White Highlands" and the Two Black Boys in Her Care
  This paper focuses on the experiences of one beginning teacher, studying the ways issues of race and ethnicity are dealt with in a predominately white elementary school. Faced with issues of racism in the classroom, the teacher had no strategies to handle either overt or covert racism, both of which appeared to be condoned by those responsible for her training.
• The Color of School Reform: Race, Politics, and the Challenge of Urban Education
  This study traced the relationships among demographic change, political change, and education in: Atlanta, Georgia; Baltimore, Maryland; Detroit, Michigan; and the District of Columbia. Although each city is different and has experienced periods of enthusiasms for school reform, all four cities are dealing with objective indicators of educational failure, such as high dropout rates, poor performance on standardized tests, and employer dissatisfaction with graduates' basic skills.
• The Importance of Culture for Improving Assessment and Pedagogy
  Introduces the articles of this special issue, which represent the thinking of a group of researchers and educators regarding assessment in the context of culture and pedagogy. The emphasis is on the development of assessments that engage the cultural strengths of children from minority groups.
• Government Policy and School Effects: Racism and Social Justice in Policy and Practice
  Criticizes social justice policies of the Labour government in the United Kingdom because they promote formal equality in the schools without working for substantive equity in outcomes of education. Naive multiculturalism is an inadequate policy response to the institutionalized racism that pervades the contemporary education system.
• Understanding the Relationship between Learning Style and Multiculturalism for School Counselors
  A major concern of educators, counselors, and parents in the United States and throughout the world has been the costs and consequences of the high number of at-risk and dropout minority students. The intent of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that school counselors must know the implications of multicultural students' varied learning styles for both counseling and teaching.
• A Developmental Framework for Cultural Competence Training with Children
  Presents a developmental framework for cultural competence training with children. Recommends that social workers synchronize training with children's developmental levels and cultural learning readiness in cognitive, affective, and behavioral areas.
• Multicultural Education in Scotland: Ourselves and Others
  Examines the persistence of prejudice, especially about language, at a time when multicultural educational objectives are (apparently) widely accepted. Discusses belief in the "bilingual deficit," views of culture within Scotland, the role of cultural "markers" in religion and language, acculturation in various contexts, and needed tasks within multicultural education.
• Conceptual Frameworks for World Musics in Education
  Gives an overview of the nine current models in multicultural music education. Discusses and critiques an intercultural, or tree, model that offers the possibility of comparison of performing and composing in a variety of styles.
• Plato's "Republic" in the Core Curriculum: Multiculturalism and the Canon Debate
  Discusses the debate surrounding multiculturalism and the expansion of the literary canon by examining Stanford University's decision not to require Plato's "Republic." Suggests that the criteria for the core curriculum should not be principally based on the extent to which a work contributes to the reduction of demeaning attitudes. (28 citations) (MAB).
• Teaming for Learning Success
  Describes how team teaching benefited two first-grade classrooms, one a bilingual instruction classroom and the other an English instruction classroom, by expanding opportunities for language use and transforming the two classrooms into a more inclusive community of learners as these young children used first and second languages to build bridges to each other and their curriculum. (SR).
• Critical Issue Bibliography (CRIB) Sheet: Retention and Recruitment of Underrepresented Faculty and Students.
  This Critical Issue Bibliography (CRIB) Sheet focuses on approaches to recruitment and retention of faculty from underrepresented groups as part of the creation of a multicultural college environment. The 31 annotated citations, all of which are in the ERIC database, are grouped into: (1) Overall Strategies; (2) Faculty; and (3) Student.
• A Multicultural Framework: Transforming Curriculum, Transforming Students
  Discusses efforts to bring a multicultural perspective to a 200-level course on the sociology of health and aging as a means of addressing broader multicultural curriculum transformation issues. The course is constructed around students' examination of four basic questions concerning their own experiences with exclusion and entitlement.
• New Perspectives on Multiculturalism in Education
  Advocates moving multicultural education beyond ethnic awareness into a more theoretical and constructive phase. Argues for incorporating epistemological theories regarding the subjectivity of knowledge with an awareness of the interdependence of different cultures.
• Technology and Multicultural Education: The Question of Convergence
  Examines the potential for convergence of technology and multicultural education, identifying strategies for and barriers to developing common ground. The paper explains differences and oppositions, examines parallels in the pedagogical work of the two groups, and discusses whether parallel beliefs and pedagogies might support collaborative, simultaneous efforts toward the achievement of both agendas.
• Harold Bloom's Charge that Multiculturalism in American Poetry Is a Mask for Mediocrity
  Yale professor Harold Bloom has concluded that cultural guilt has resulted in a 30-year intellectual decline in which politics has come to dominate U.S. poetry.
• Gathering Strength: Canada's Aboriginal Action Plan. A Progress Report = Rassembler nos forces: Le plan d'action du Canada pour les questions autochtones. Rapport d'etape.
  Gathering Strength is an integrated government-wide plan to address the key challenges facing Canada's Aboriginal people.
• Applying Multiculturalism to a High School American Literature Course: Changing Lenses and Crossing Borders
  Describes a nine-week, secondary-school, language arts unit on the American dream with an emphasis on multicultural issues, particularly as they concern those students who are apathetic about or resistant to the multicultural program. Reviews specific lesson approaches to "The Great Gatsby," "Baseball in April," "Justin and the Best Biscuits in the World," and other works.
• The Effects of Special Training and Field Experiences upon Preservice Teachers' Level of Comfort with Multicultural Music Teaching Situations
  This paper reports on a study examining preservice teachers' level of comfort in working with students and colleagues of a different race, and exploring the effects of special training and field experience on their level of comfort with multicultural situations. The study involved 55 predominantly white preservice teachers enrolled in 2 different sections of an undergraduate music and related arts methods course at a large southeastern university.
• Our Education, Our Future: Look to the Lower Grades
  In order for local Native American cultures to be included in the curricula of the lower grades of public schools, Indian parents and community members must represent their community to the school board and establish a presence in the wider school community. Presents assertive, persistent, and well-informed strategies to build positive relationships with teachers and schools.
• What Diverse, Rural Communities Need and Want from Their Teachers
  Two community meetings in a rural multicultural New Mexico school district examined community expectations of teachers. Awareness and sensitivity to cultural differences were identified as the most important qualities.
• Uprooting and Replacing Positivism, the Melting Pot, Multiculturalism, and Other Impotent Notions in Educational Leadership through an African American Perspective
  Examines traditional notions of positivism and rational-linear thinking that have guided public school practice, interrogating modernist concepts of the melting pot and multiculturalism through an African American and critical theoretical voice. Offers a postmodernist perspective grounded in spirituality that welcomes involving the whole self in school leadership and encourages constructing schools that celebrate democracy, equity, and social justice.
• Preparing All Classroom Teachers To Educate a Linguistically and Culturally Diverse School Population
  As the United States school population becomes more linguistically and culturally diverse, teachers are challenged to provide full access, equality of instruction, and appropriate learning environments to all students. It is estimated that more than 20 percent of the 45 million school-age children live in households in which languages other than English are spoken; 6 million are from Spanish speaking households.
• Harriet Rohmer on New Voices and Visions in Multicultural Literature
  Presents an interview with Harriet Rohmer, founder of Children's Book Press, an independent publishing house founded in 1975 dedicated to publishing bilingual children's books authored and illustrated by writers and artists of American minority communities. Discusses how she selects books for publication, books to be published soon, and the importance of all children seeing reflections of themselves in books.
• A Structured Debriefing Process for International Business Culture Simulations
  Outlines a nine-step structure for debriefing an international business culture simulation. Stresses the need to address three stages in the experiential learning cycle: reflection, processing, and transfer.
• Staff Training for Alexandria Head Start in ESL Methodology
  The project described here evaluated the extent to which the Alexandria (Virginia) Head Start program addresses the needs of preschool English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) and provided teachers with training to enhance their students' language development.
• Becoming a Multicultural Teacher
  Considers how being a multicultural teacher demands facing a lengthy and complex set of issues, beginning with the understanding that good multicultural teaching has the bottom-line goal of helping every child be successful in the classroom. Presents 10 recommendations for reaching that goal.
• Building Civic Education for Democracy in Poland
  This book provides a reflective analysis of the effort since 1991 of a group of Polish and U.S. educators to develop civic education programs for schools and teachers in Poland.
• The Role of ESL in a Dual Language Program
  Inter-American Magnet School in Chicago, a highly acclaimed Spanish-English dual-language elementary school, established pull-out English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) classes to provide extra English instruction, primarily for new immigrants. Describes the school's founding and development, students, innovative bilingual staff, multicultural education, parent and community involvement, classroom setting, ESL approaches and activities, and administrative problems.
• A 75-Year Legacy on Assessment: Reflections from an Interview with Ralph W. Tyler
  This article presents an interview with Professor Ralph W. Tyler (a pioneer in the field of education and assessment) that lends some historical perspective to the current alternative assessment movement.
• Teaching about the "Ofrenda" and Experiences on the Border
  Gives a brief history of Latin-American ofrendas, and describes the artistic and educational experiences related to organized ofrenda displays in various public settings in Florida in the early 1990s. Suggests guidelines for teaching about ofrendas and ways of respectfully participating in the cultural practices of others.
• The "Tesoros" Literacy Project: Treasuring Students' Lives (Rainbow Teachers/Rainbow Students)
  Describes a project in a southeast Michigan high school in which Latino English-as-a-Second-Language students worked collaboratively for 10 weeks with at-risk working-class Anglo counterparts from an 11th-grade American literature class. Describes reading and writing activities that centered around the notion that students should search for and value the treasures of their own experience.
• Making Our Mark: Defining "Self" in a Multicultural World
  Suggests that the classroom is an ideal place to "struggle to be together in our differences," as students begin to formulate their definitions of self and others, and need to learn to deal with differing attitudes and opinions. Describes experiences in the author's class as discussion about immigration in the United States blazed into a discussion about race.
• The Universal Classroom
  Education has long been the focal point for the debate over black claims to a special relationship with American society. Some recent works dealing with the situation of blacks in American society and education are reviewed in the context of current concerns with multiculturalism.
• Race and the Public Intellectual: A Conversation with Michael Eric Dyson
  Discusses language and race, multiculturalism, and the role of the public intellectual. Views the transition from the academic to the public as a self-conscious decision to intervene on debates and conversations that happen in public spheres and which have enormous consequence on everyday people's lives.
• Equity and Excellence: Providing Access to Gifted Education for Culturally Diverse Students
  This article maintains that the underrepresentation of diverse students in gifted education programs is due to a "deficit perspective" about culturally diverse populations. Recommendations include identifying and serving underachievers and low socioeconomic-status students, providing educators and gifted students with multicultural education, and developing home-school partnerships.
• "The Politics of Multiculturalism and Bilingual Education: Students and Teachers Caught in the Cross Fire," by C. J. Ovando and P. McLaren (2000). Book Review
  Reviews an anthology that provides undergraduate and graduate students with theoretical and practical discussion on various ideological convictions in the fields of multiculturalism and bilingual education. Discusses theoretical conflicts and ideologies affecting the field of multiculturalism, and the more immediate effects of politics on teaching and learning in schools.
• Our Schools: Frontline for the 21st Century. What Our Schools Must Become. Essays in Education
  This book contains a series of essays in education intended for those who teach or plan to teach, and for parents of children in schools. The book argues that educators need to focus on the seminal thinking which developed in the 1940s and 1950s and utilize the insights developed then to focus on critical areas that the teaching profession faces today.
• The Development of Course Content: Teaching Child Development from a Multicultural Perspective. Focus on African American Children
  This paper addresses the dominant view from which child development is currently taught, examining the impact of culture on the developing child and offering a rationale for shifting paradigms toward a more inclusive framework of instruction. The dominant framework presents child development from a middle class white, generally western, paradigm.
• A Dialogue About Race and Ethnicity in Education: Struggling To Understand Issues in Cross-Cultural Leadership
  A dialogic approach explores some of the complex issues related to race and ethnicity to identify implications for more effective cross-cultural leadership in diverse schools. Revisited field notes, as well as data from interviews and surveys from various research projects, provide the background about the difficulties of understanding race and ethnicity across different school settings and among educators with different perspectives.
• "Survival": A White Teacher's Conception of Drama with Inner-City Hispanic Youth
  Profiles how and why a White, upper-middle-class teacher who was trained in aspects of play production and theater education changed her conception of educational drama as she worked in an inner-city magnet school with impoverished, inner-city Hispanic youth. Discusses culture shock, cross-cultural functioning, and survival in terms of ethos, gang subculture, language, and staff authority.
• Milagros in the Mid-Columbia: An Integrated Lesson Plan. Sixth Grade Social Studies Unit on Mexican Migrant Workers
  Since the early 1950s, several programs have enticed thousands of rural Mexicans to migrate to California and the Northwest to be agricultural workers. The resultant demographic and cultural impacts have been immense.
• Ibn al-Haytham: An Answer to Multicultural Science Teaching?
  Describes the major contributions to optics of Ibn al-Haytham, prolific Arab scientist. Recent partial translation of his "Book of Optics" enables an accounting of his work and provides the opportunity to connect this historical personage and his contributions to the current debates on multicultural science teaching.
• Early Childhood Research & Practice: An Internet Journal on the Development, Care, and Education of Young Children, Fall 2001
  Early Childhood Research and Practice (ECRP), a peer-reviewed, Internet-only journal sponsored by the ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education (ERIC/EECE), covers topics related to the development, care, and education of children from birth to approximately age 8.
• Infusion of Multicultural Issues in Curricula: A Student Perspective
  Current or graduated students (n=132) at Colorado State University identified classroom incidents that had strengthened their understanding of multiculturalism. The 155 incidents were sorted into 18 categories of pedagogical techniques and classroom composition or dynamics that promoted multicultural awareness.
• The Idolatry of Multicultural Education: A Prophetic Pragmatic Alternative?
  Criticizes the idolatry implicit in concepts of inclusion and empowerment in education and advocates the prophetic pragmatism of Cornel West (1989) as an alternative philosophical framework for education that responds to the same underlying moral purpose. Prophetic pragmatism offers a less-divisive plan for multicultural education than does the conflict between eurocentrism and multiculturalism.
• Promising Practices: The PRIDE Program at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania
  Describes the PRIDE Program, a partnership between the Harrisburg School District (Pennsylvania) and Bloomsburg University to provide urban, poverty-level sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade students at risk of dropping out with an opportunity to spend a week on campus each summer. Program evaluation shows improved student attitudes and continuation in school.
• The Culturally Diverse Classroom: A Guide for ESL and Mainstream Teachers
  This handbook is for teachers and administrators involved with international students in English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) and mainstream settings. It is intended to raise awareness of the new American classroom.
• Tipi Technology: Student Teachers in Washington State Experiment with Multicultural Science
  Describes a project for graduate students in teaching that asked them to see from another cultural viewpoint by working out a way to erect a tipi. The success of the lesson with graduate students resulted in its adaptation for elementary school students as a multicultural science lesson.
• The Multicultural Mission of Developmental Education: A Starting Point
  Asks a number of questions concerning the delivery of multicultural education, including, "How do we define multiculturalism?" and, "Whose responsibility is it to provide equity in higher education?" Articulates 10 guiding principles for achieving equity in institutions of higher learning, and offers a brief discussion of these principles. (Contains 11 references.) (NB).
• Doctoral Dissertations on Catholic Schools in the United States, 1988-1997
  This booklet provides synopses of 302 dissertations, all written in the period from 1988 to 1997, that focus on Catholic schooling. Of the total, 156 of the dissertations originated at non-Catholic universities, with 106 of these authored at state-supported, public institutions.
• A Student's Guide to Scandinavian American Genealogy. Oryx American Family Tree Series
  This book is designed to help the novice in understanding how to conduct genealogical research for Scandinavian ancestors. A brief introduction to each chapter offers ideas on topics for research and resources to consult.
• Introduction to Culturo-Metrics: Measuring the Cultural Identity of Children and Teachers
  The attainment of a cultural identity is a major challenge of social development for many children from minority groups in today's fast-changing multicultural societies. Culturo-metrics is a new area of research that teachers and researchers can use to measure cultural identity and to explore culturally preferred behaviors of children and teachers in multicultural classrooms.
• Using Multicultural Resources for Teachers To Combat Racial Prejudice in the Classroom
  Presents questions that will assist early childhood teachers in evaluating their own views and behaviors toward various ethnic groups. Provides resources for teachers to educate themselves, parents, and students.
• Cyprus: A Small Suffering Island Blessed by Sun & Beauty
  Cyprus would be paradise on earth if it weren't for its history and geography. At the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa, it has a history of hate and war.
• Teaching Global Awareness with Simulations and Games. Grades 6-12
  This book was designed with activities for students in grades 6-12. The activities are to increase student awareness about the world and the interconnectedness of its people.
• Character Education through Story: K-6 Lessons To Build Character through Multi-Cultural Literature
  This resource manual integrates literature and social studies with an emphasis on character development. Using children's literature as a catalyst for investigating representative cultures, the manual's curriculum writers crafted multicultural, integrated, thematic lessons for the K-6 classroom that can be used throughout the year.
• Anti-Racist Education, A Bibliography.
  The materials listed in this bibliography of resources on anti-racist education are part of the collection of the Manitoba Education and Training Library.
• Mixed Media: A Roundup of CD-ROM and Electronic Products
  Highlights multicultural materials that are useful for teaching students of all ages (elementary through college level). These include such CD-ROM products as "The Ellis Island Experience" and "The Civil Rights Movement in the United States" and such World Wide Web-based products as "Diversify Your World," "American Slavery: A Complete Autobiography," and "International Index to Black Periodicals Full Text." (SM).
• IFTE 1995: Some Notes from a Subgroup
  Within the paradigm of cultural pluralism, four areas seem worth exploring in depth: (1) language and power; (2) multiculturalism vs. /as cultural pluralism; (3) English itself--the discipline, course, and class; and (4) individual vs.
• A Multicultural Autobiographies Interdisciplinary Course
  Describes an interdisciplinary course on multicultural autobiographies that integrated psychology and literature, requiring students to examine primary texts using analytical tools from both disciplines. Addresses the outcomes and writing assignments, psychological and literary perspectives on autobiographical texts, the students' responses, and teaching observations.
• Borrowing a Cup of Culture: An Example of Creating an Original, Cross-Cultural Theatre for Youth Production
  Describes infusing a non-western form or style of theatre into a play from the traditional American or European canon. Notes that the intention was not necessarily to accurately re-create complex and beautiful cultural theatre, but to spur the interest of the audiences and encourage them to delve deeper into those cultures.
• Reflexive Reading: Toward a Pedagogy of Alterity
  Examines evolving approaches to otherness in modern culture, analyzing the intertextual relation between Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice" and Bukaee's film, "Avanti Popolo." Considers a possible pedagogy of alterity, examining the texts in their otherness according to Benhabib's 1992 conception of generalized and concertized otherness. Discusses how to promote personal growth and social agency through attentive, reflexive, and reflective reading.
• Creating Reciprocal Learning Relationships across Socially-Constructed Borders
  Evaluated a service learning course that matched preservice teachers and older adult literacy learners and aimed to address widespread attrition in adult education programs and the need for multicultural education for preservice teachers. Data revealed two essential elements of successful, reciprocal learning relationships: connecting across differences through caring relationships and ability to reflect in ways that transformed previous assumptions.
• Global Education as a Strategy for School Improvement
  Outlines the processes, and some of the obstacles encountered in promoting global education within the schools. Identifies the most prominent obstacle as competing demands for time and resources.
• Technology for Tolerance
  Reviews teenager-tested and educator-recommended software packages for teaching tolerance in elementary (primarily upper elementary) and secondary grades. The 12 products cover aspects of American and African American history, multicultural awareness, and values education in tolerance and cultural awareness.
• Evaluation of Supplemental Instruction at the College Level
  Describes a new method of evaluating the Supplemental Instruction (SI) model as implemented in a high-risk biology course at an urban multicultural university campus. Examination grades indicated that the average grade of participants in classes that had SI sessions was significantly higher than that of participants in classes where SI sessions were not offered.
• The Concept of "Ubuntu": Africa's Most Important Contribution to Multicultural Education?
  Examines the African concept of "ubuntu", which indicates an inner state of almost complete humanization and is the essence of community and commonality. Discusses how ubuntu could contribute to multi-cultural education.
• Beyond Affirmative Action: Reframing the Context of Higher Education
  Based on extensive interviews with Latino and Latina students and faculty, this book introduces a theory of "multicontextuality" that proposes that many people learn better when teachers emphasize whole systems of knowledge and that education can create its greatest successes by offering and accepting many approaches to teaching and learning.
• Exploring the Intergenerational Dialogue Journal Discussion of a Multicultural Young Adult Novel
  Explores the reader response patterns and intergenerational dialogue produced by five high school/university student pairs reading and reacting to a young adult multicultural novel, Gary Soto's "Buried Onions." Concludes that participants offered multiple perspectives, maintained mutual respect for each other's interpretations, and revealed the potential for intergenerational dialogue journal exchanges in the social studies classroom. (SG).
• A Literature Unit for "Dragon's Gate" by Laurence Yep
  Intended as a an aid to classroom teachers, this 52-page handbook presents a literature unit based on the children and young people's book, "Dragon's Gate" by Laurence Yep. It begins with sample lesson plans, pre-reading activities, author information, a book summary, vocabulary lists and suggested vocabulary activities.
• Pharmacy Students' Perceptions About the Need for Multicultural Education
  A study assessed pharmacy students' perceptions about the importance of learning about health beliefs and behaviors of ethnic minority groups, views on the mechanisms by which such cultural information should be conveyed, and differences in perceptions related to student demography. Students believed this information was important but did not make the connection between having knowledge and impacting patient outcomes.
• Gender Stereotypes in Children's Picture Books
  Research has examined how gender stereotypes and sexism in picture books affect the development of gender identity in young children, how children's books in the last decade have portrayed gender, and how researchers evaluate picture books for misrepresentations of gender.
• The Preliterate Student: A Framework for Developing an Effective Instructional Program. ERIC/AE Digest
  A special subgroup of Limited English Speaking students is often referred to as students with limited formal schooling (LFS) or "preliterates" because they have not yet had the opportunity to learn to read. This digest explores important aspects of the LFS student population, defining LFS students and discussing their impact on schools, individualized language development plans, classroom instruction, and the assessment of the LFS student.
• Focus on Human Rights
  Maintains that educators have been at the forefront in the quest for equal opportunity. Asserts, however, that there is resistance to recognizing and removing bias from the curriculum and instructional materials.
• Equity Pedagogy: An Essential Component of Multicultural Education
  Equity pedagogy involves teaching strategies and environments that help diverse students attain necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes for functioning effectively within a just, democratic society. The article examines how equity pedagogy interacts with other dimensions of multicultural education (content integration, knowledge construction process, prejudice reduction, and social structure).
• Enhancing Learning in Training and Adult Education
  This book, which is designed to prepare individuals to become workplace consultants, examines the theory and practice of enhancing learning in training and adult education.
• Promoting Additive Acculturation in Schools
  A study focusing on 113 ninth graders of Mexican descent indicates that most students and their parents adhere to a strategy of additive acculturation (incorporating skills of the new culture and language), but that the school curriculum and general school climate devalue Mexican culture. (SLD).
• Historical Facts and Fictions: Representing and Reading Diverse Perspectives on the Past
  Presents brief descriptions of 22 recently published books for children and adolescents that present untold stories that begin to fill in the gaps of mainstream versions of the past. Includes categories of historical fiction, historical nonfiction, biography/memoir, and poetry and verse.
• Overcoming Resistance to Multicultural Discourse through the Use of Classroom Simulations
  Describes how simulations, role plays, and other experiential exercises can be used in educational settings to reduce resistance and encourage discourse on equity issues. These techniques can bring new insights into professional development in multicultural education, raising awareness of hidden biases so teachers feel more comfortable in the classroom and do not reinforce stereotypes and negative patterns.
• The Practice of Performance in Teaching Multicultural Literature
  Describes the use of a strategy of performance in teaching a general-education course on the "American experience." Each student was asked to select a segment of an assigned text and perform it. Discusses advantages of this type of student-centered experiential teaching.
• Hispanic-American Students and Learning Style. ERIC Digest
  This digest identifies cultural values that may affect the learning processes of Hispanic-American students, reviews research on the learning styles of Hispanic-American students, and discusses the implications of this research for counseling and teaching Hispanic youth. One cultural value that is of paramount importance in most Hispanic cultures is family commitment.
• Community, Higher Education, and the Challenge of Multiculturalism
  Uses John Dewey's pragmatism to theorize a relevant and effective understanding of collegiate community within liberal culture, suggesting that if multiculturalism were understood and enacted on college campuses in Deweyan ways, it would introduce a method of thinking or intelligent learning that would make the ideal of community possible for higher education institutions. (SM).
• Finding Yourself in Reading and Writing: Cultural Inclusion in the Classroom
  Proposes that to enable students to move along the literacy continuum, the pre-service teacher must become mindful of the multiple cultures and perspectives shaping the classroom. Discusses how a group of university students examined texts of the past and present and then worked to develop a critical awareness of teaching approaches and literacy practices congruent with a culturally inclusive classroom.
• La comunidad en el aula y el aula en la comunidad: Un modelo (The Community in the Classroom and the Classroom in the Community: A Model)
  Describes an advanced conversational Spanish language course based on community experiences, multicultural education, and collaborative research taught at the University of Santa Clara in California. The class combined authentic materials with real-life experiences.
• Promoting Multicultural Awareness through Dramatic Play Centers
  Although many teachers acknowledge that language and culture are critical components of children's development, actually incorporating materials representative of children's cultures remains a problem. This article explains how the dramatic play center is a natural place to promote multicultural awareness in the classroom and offers suggestions for materials and activities.
• Rethinking the Discussion about Science Education in a Multicultural World: Some Alternative Questions as a New Point of Departure
  Comments on three articles in this issue on universalists versus multiculturalists. Discusses the importance in the United States of universalism versus relativism with regard to science.
• Education Issues in Rural Schools of America
  To have an impact on rural schools and communities, education researchers and reformers must stop approaching rural issues from an urban perspective, adopt a perspective that values rurality, and address issues specific to the rural context. Rural schools have contributed to the depletion of rural communities by focusing on individual mobility and prosperity rather than the public good.
• Advanced Science for Kids: Multicultural Assessment and Programming
  Describes Advanced Science for Kids (ASK), a multicultural approach to assessment and programming for a middle school advanced science program. ASK is designed to provide alternative approaches to identification and assessment, facilitate authentic instruction and assessment, and provide minority students with academic and social support as they adjust to a rigorous science curriculum.
• Symposium on Early Childhood Education (Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, November 9-10, 1997). Abstracts.
  This book compiles abstracts of presentations from a symposium held in honor of Dr. Bernard Spodek, a leading scholar in early childhood education, on the occasion of his retirement.
• New Dramas for New Identities
  Describes the use of a drama conducted within an educational setting to help students better understand the complexities of identity formation and prepare them to live in a multiracial society. The drama's effectiveness in fostering an understanding of cultural identities is assessed in light of changing social theories that question multicultural and antiracist education.
• Multicultural Education Issues: Perceived Levels of Knowledge of Preservice Teachers and Teacher Educators
  This study assessed preservice teachers' and teacher educators' knowledge regarding issues related to multicultural education. Participants were 78 preservice teachers who completed the Multicultural Knowledge Test during the first class period of a Social Foundations of Education course.
• More Than Singing: Discovering Music in Preschool and Kindergarten
  This book contains over 100 music activities to help teachers, child care providers, and parents bring the joy, theory, and practice of music to young children. An introductory chapter is followed by chapters on songs, rhythm, instruments, music centers, movement, music throughout the day, and group times.
• Critical Pedagogy: Translation for Education that Is Multicultural
  Examined the translation of multicultural learning activities in a college classroom into critical pedagogy in public school classrooms. Practicing teachers enrolled in the course completed interviews and surveys.
• Questionnaire Surveys: Four Survey Instruments in Educational Research
  This paper presents four questionnaire surveys administered in educational research. Each of the questionnaires is followed by a brief research report with an abstract and summary statistics.
• Teaching the Third Culture Child
  Examines experiences of a 5- and 7-year-old entering a U.S. early childhood program in context of child development theory, constructivist philosophy, and the Japanese social teaching model.
• Multicultural Education in the New Century
  Democratic societies require citizens committed to realizing democratic ideals. Multicultural education helps unify a nation deeply divided along racial, ethnic, and class lines.
• Toward a Multicultural Imagination: Infusing Ethnicity into the Teaching of Social Psychology
  Explores the utility of a multicultural approach to teaching an undergraduate social psychology course. Discusses institutional context and the transformation of the course by infusing multicultural content.
• Confessions of a Canon-Loving Multiculturalist. School Reform and the Language Arts Curriculum
  Bitter ideological battles exist over hegemonic control of classroom exchange in high school language arts classes. Discusses the debate over the selection of literature that students will read, noting the influence of the dominant culture, the resistance to inclusion of multicultural literature in these classrooms, and the importance of promoting a multicultural emphasis.
• The Nostalgia of Art Education: Reinscribing the Master's Narrative
  Presents a psychoanalytic critique of an advertisement for the Getty Center for Education in the Arts multicultural program. Applying principles derived from Lacan, Foucault, and Derrida, reveals basic racist, sexist, and elitist assumptions embedded in the advertisement.
• Cultural Connections: Promoting Self-Esteem, Achievement, and Multicultural Understanding through Distance Learning
  This case study focused on the effects of collaborative activities between two teachers and their students. The authors explored the effectiveness of distance learning for adolescents in promoting self-esteem, achievement, and multicultural understanding.
• Expert and novice teachers' beliefs about culturally responsive pedagogy.
  This study examined experienced and novice teachers' views on teaching in multicultural classrooms, asking 40 elementary student teachers and 26 cooperating teachers how they viewed the needs of students from diverse cultural backgrounds. Participants rated 23 statements about multicultural education on a Likert scale of agreement, and completed two open-ended questions as well.
• Bilingualism and Multiculturalism Go to Early Childhood Programs
  This presentation on the preparation of early childhood teachers addresses implication of multiculturalism and bilingual education in early childhood programs.
• How to Choose the Best Multicultural Books
  This article presents information on 50 books recommended for teaching elementary students about various cultures, offering interviews with some of the well-respected children's book authors and illustrators, pointers for choosing appropriate and accurate children's books, and lists of notable authors. (SM).
• Emotional Intelligence and Empathy: Their Relation to Multicultural Counseling Knowledge and Awareness
  Study examines the relationship among school counselors' emotional intelligence, empathy, and self-reported multicultural counseling knowledge and awareness. Findings revealed that school counselors' previous multicultural education, emotional intelligence scores, and personal distress empathy scores accounted for significant variance in their self-perceived multicultural counseling knowledge.(Contains 42 references.) (GCP).
• Multicultural Educators as Change Agents
  Describes the deep self-reflection, characteristics attitudes, and critical skills that will help educators act as change agents to create truly multicultural environments in their schools. Lists the 12 guidelines for challenging racism and other forms of oppression.
• Towards a Grand Theory of Black Studies: An Attempt To Discern the Dynamics and the Direction of the Discipline
  Develops a theory of black studies by examining the works of the foremost writers in, and critics of, the field. Uses the history of the black intellectual tradition as a frame and places black studies in the context of multicultural studies, the contemporary academy, and the development of the global economy and culture.
• Proceedings of Selected Research and Development Presentations at the National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) Sponsored by the Research and Theory Division (20th, St. Louis, Missouri, February 18-22, 1998)
  Subjects addressed by the 55 papers in this proceeding describes about Computer Uses in Education,Educational Technology, Instructional Design, Cooperative Learning, Distance Education; Educational Innovation;Educational Strategies; Elementary Secondary Education Higher Education; hypermedia; Instructional Material Evaluation; Multimedia Materials; Telecommunications; World Wide Web.
• Reaching TESOL Teachers through Technology
  The preparation of qualified teachers with knowledge and skills in the areas of English as a Second Language (ESL) and technology is an important issue in urban educational reform. This paper addresses components that one teacher preparation program is implementing in training multicultural, urban public school teachers in this critical shortage area.
• History Curriculum Face-Lift. Quebec Report
  Reports on a 1996 Ministry of Education study on the teaching of history in Quebec. Criticizes the study for perpetuating leftist biases in favor of multiculturalism and globalization while censuring the study of Western civilization as evidence of Eurocentrism.
• Teaching in Dangerous Times: Culturally Relevant Approaches to Teacher Assessment
  Explores some aspects of the debate surrounding teacher assessment and raises questions about what is missing in so-called authentic assessments of teachers. Some proposed assessments may actually reinscribe narrow teaching practices that do not serve children of color and children living in poverty well.
• Changing What Is Taught: Hearing the Voices of the Underrepresented
  In 1991, policy makers at Florida State University made the decision to require all students to take multicultural courses to fulfill general education requirements. This article provides insights into the challenges that institutional policy makers face as they seek to change the curriculum to include the voices of those previously underrepresented.
• Professional Growth: Teaching Truth
  Emphasizes teacher's role in imparting multicultural education to students by relating personal experience of a teacher who unravels his family history and discovers with pride his multicultural heritage. (BAC).
• Barriers to Effective Mentoring across Racial Lines
  Discusses barriers to the effective mentoring of students of color by white faculty members and presents concrete approaches for dealing with sensitive issues that often arise in the course of the mentoring relationship. The main stumbling block is the faculty member's fear of the task.
• "Once Upon a Time, a Very Long Time Ago Now, About Last Friday..." (Pooh Bear)
  This article argues that all cultures, and thus all families, operate, possibly even evolve, from out of the stories we are told while we are young. Adding to this idea the realization that all stories evolve from out of our cultures, the article suggests societies are shaped by the circularity and interaction of this combination.
• Creating tomorrow's schools today: Stories of inclusions, change and renewal
  This book discusses the inclusion of children with disabilities in general education settings and provides accounts of successful inclusive school communities.
• Teaching 4- to 8-Year-Olds: Literacy, Math, Multiculturalism, and Classroom Community
  The next decade will see a dramatic increase in public finding for programs serving young children. Prekindergarten and early elementary programs will received more scrutiny in line with a growing awareness that school success is heavily influenced by the skills and attitudes children have when they enter school and quality of initial school experiences.
• Developing National Identity within Fifth Grade Multicultural Students
  The goal of democratic understanding and civic values is within the history/social science framework. The strand of national identity falls under the goal of democratic understanding and civic values.
• Counseling Multiracial/Multiethnic Children
  There are two central issues that must be addressed when counseling multiracial and multiethnic children in the United States. The first is that, although the United States is fixated on race, only single-race group membership is recognized.
• Muslims and Sex Education
  Examines objections to sex education practices and calls by British Muslim leaders to withdraw Muslim children from sex education classes. Discusses policy makers' dilemmas as they try to reconcile the public interest with diverse beliefs.
• Saving the Pig, But Missing the Point! Observations on Antibias Programming
  Examines the mind set in early childhood programs associated with effective implementation of anti-bias programming. Maintains that anti-bias programming involves a mind set that creates a permeating sense that everyone has value, and requires commitment to reasonable, fair, and sensitive attitudes and actions.
• Advocating for Hispanic High School Students: Research-Based Educational Practices
  High schools can have a positive effect on Hispanic students' academic success by cultivating an advocacy-oriented school environment that implements effective practices in four areas: dropout prevention, effective instruction, psychoeducational assessment, and understanding and easing the acculturation process. Contains 47 references.
• Trends in Literacy Software Publication and Marketing: Multicultural Themes
  This article provides data and discussion of multicultural theme-related issues arising from analysis of a detailed database of commercial software products targeted to reading and literacy education. The database consisted of 1152 titles, representing the offerings of 104 publishers and distributors.
• Strength through Cultural Diversity: Developing and Teaching a Diversity Course
  Describes the design of an interdisciplinary course intended to develop college students' skills in functioning both personally and professionally in a multicultural society. Concepts addressed include the systems and characteristics of culture; individual, familial, community, and cross-cultural dimensions of diversity; differences and similarities between cultures; and conflict and negotiation.
• Finding the Multivoiced Self: A Narrative
  Suggests that implementing strategies of multicultural education and awareness must also entail the recognition of multiple voices. Describes the author's experiences growing up at the intersection of the politics of voice, power, class, and race.
• Reaction Papers and Journal Writing as Techniques for Assessing Resistance in Multicultural Courses
  Writing reaction papers and journal entries has been a common assignment for multicultural courses. However, few individuals have discussed this technique in the literature in order to provide a model for those developing multicultural courses.
• Studying Art History through the Multicultural Education Looking-Glass
  Proposes a curriculum model for integrating the content of art history and multicultural education. Describes the different modes of inquiry and cultural characteristics that are included in the multicultural education/art history curriculum content matrix.
• Brown v. Board of Education: The Challenge for Today's Schools
  The 1954 Supreme Court decision in the case of "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas" provided the legal basis for equal educational opportunity.
• Mixed Media: A Roundup of New Microform and Electronic Products
  Reviews some microform research collections, ranging from government records to privately published historical materials. Topics reviewed include American Indians, educational reform in Japan, African American newspapers, women's issues, and various aspects of American history.
• Profoundly Multicultural Questions
  Argues that multicultural education practices in most schools today have not adequately addressed the larger issues of social justice and equal access to educational resources. Discusses four profoundly multicultural questions educators must address: Who's taking calculus? Which classes meet in the basement? Who's teaching the children? How much are children worth? (Contains 25 references.) (PKP).
• The Enhanced Citizenship Curriculum for Schools in the Bradford District
  Describes efforts to improve Britain's QCA (Qualifications and Curriculum Authority) citizenship curriculum to reflect anti-racism issues, highlighting the Enhanced Citizenship Curriculum for schools in the Bradford District. Presents principles underpinning this effort and looks at six major changes to make the National Curriculum for Citizenship more relevant to Bradford schools.
• Handbook of Multicultural Assessment: Clinical, Psychological and Educational Applications. First Edition. Jossey-Bass Social and Behavioral Science Series
  This handbook brings together contributions by scholars in the areas of psychometrics, assessment, and evaluation who have expertise in the application of testing and assessment in multicultural environments. The book provides a comprehensive view of various cultural issues and offers updated information pertaining to the usage of major psychological instruments.
• Some Other Culture: Maori Literature as a Unifying Force in a Multicultural Classroom
  Argues that using unfamiliar texts in a multicultural classroom allows students to read and write without interference from existing cultural tensions. Describes how, finding their own defenses and prejudices suddenly meaningless, students realize just how much common ground they share.
• Supervisee Multicultural Case Conceptualization Ability and Self-Reported Multicultural Competence as Functions of Supervisee Racial Identity and Supervisor Focus
  Tests the hypothesis that supervisees' (N=116) multicultural case conceptualization ability and self-reported multicultural competence are functions of their racial identity and their supervisors' instruction to focus on multicultural issues. Results indicate that supervisees' racial identity was significantly related to self-reported multicultural competence.
• On Knowing the Place: Reflections on Understanding Quality Child Care
  Reflects upon experiences with the First Nations' Partnerships and the European Commission Child Care Network to argue that efforts to understand quality care have been insufficiently sensitive to socioecological and cultural factors related to defining and assessing quality. Argues for a reconceptualization of early childhood care, and presents reactions of professionals, academics, First Nations communities, and Africa Institute participants.
• Issues in Education; Classrooms without Borders
  Focuses on two-way multicultural exchange in the classroom and materials and experiences that allow students to see their own culture from the perspectives of outsiders and see and understand another culture's point of view. Suggests using multicultural literature, integrated across the curriculum, to help students make this personal journey.
• Teaching Navajo Bilingual Special Education Students: Challenges and Strategies
  Native American students are often placed in special education programs because their English is poor, they are unprepared for an unfamiliar environment, and traditional classrooms do not accommodate their strengths and needs. The lack of Native American special education teachers at reservation schools compounds these difficulties.
• Why All the Counting? Feminist Social Science Research on Children's Literature
  Addresses the question of why counting has figured so prominently in feminist social sciences studies of children's literature. Documents the quantitative approach to children's books used by both liberal and radical feminists; gives an account of why this approach has been so popular among feminist social scientists; and outlines some of the achievements and limitations of this approach.
• Reflections on Multicultural Language Practices across a District and within a School
  Describes the school climate, the building-level specifics, and some effective teaching strategies that make Western Hills Elementary School an appropriate and successful setting for the development of multicultural language practices. Discusses the partnership between the school district and the University of Colorado at Boulder, and the role this partnership plays in supporting the development of multicultural language practices.
• Educating for Social Competence: A Conceptual Approach to Social Studies Teaching
  Maintains that the broad arenas of the social sciences bind multiple areas of study together, giving added breadth and depth to each. Identifies the basic tenets of multicultural, global, and civic education.
• A Multicultural Model for Deaf & Hard-of-Hearing Students: Program for Deaf Adults
  This document describes the multicultural Program for Deaf Adults (PDA) at LaGuardia Community College at the City University of New York. The PDA offers a comprehensive education through an extensive variety of both degree and continuing education courses.
• Infusing Multicultural Content into the Curriculum for Gifted Students. ERIC Digest #E601
  This brief paper offers an overview of strategies, with practical examples, to infuse multicultural content into the curriculum for gifted students. It proposes a framework for multicultural gifted education based on the four levels or approaches of J.
• The Power of Love? Global Science on a Shoestring
  Describes the Globally Oriented Approach to Local Science (GOALS) project which aims at encouraging children to look at their local community and identifying and discussing issues and problems, indicating to children and teachers that science does not necessarily require sophisticated and expensive equipment to be successful, and complementing some recent attempts to produce differentiated multicultural resources. (JRH).
• Tales To Tell: A Storytelling Curriculum. Primary Source Curriculum Series
  Students are challenged to explore stories told through pictures, objects, and music throughout the units included in this guide. Students learn to identify and analyze a variety of recurring narratives, and in describing their own experiences, create their own stories and find meaning within these stories.
• Teacher Practices and Student Motivation in a Middle School Program for African American Males
  Examined an instructional program emphasizing African American history and culture to determine classroom experiences and the program's impact on academic motivation for the 18 African American male middle school students. Data provide mixed support for the relationships among autonomy, control, perceived competence, and intrinsic motivation postulated by cognitive evaluation theory.
• Ethnicity and Ethnically "Mixed" Identity in Belize: A Study of Primary School-Age Children
  Nationalism, as taught in Belize schools, is panethnic and multiethnic, but because the increasingly widespread practice of ethnic mixing is not acknowledged, there is a discrepancy between what is taught and the daily life of students. Research results from 161 elementary school children show that the ethnic self-identification of children is often ignored.
• Multicultural Music Instruction in the Elementary School: What Can Be Achieved?
  Investigates fourth-grade students' achievement following a model unit on American Indian music that utilized four different instructional approaches. Suggests implications for instruction with American Indian music regarding instructional approach, authenticity of instrument materials, learning from a native guest artist, and music teacher preparation/training.
• Improving Educational Preparation for Transcultural Health Care
  Nurses and health care professionals must be prepared for transcultural health care because society is becoming increasingly multicultural and current health services are not meeting the needs of minority ethnic groups in Britain. (SK).
• Building Citizenship Skills in Students
  An action research project implemented a program for the development of citizenship, cultural awareness, and positive character attributes. Targeted population consisted of middle and high school students in several growing, middle class communities located in northern Illinois.
• The Ethic of Caring: Clarifying the Foundation of Multicultural Education
  Caring-centered multicultural education is based on a framework of values and behaviors that foster high achievement motivation in all students. It takes place within a social justice context that addresses discrimination, respects diverse cultural knowledge, and recognizes the need for working knowledge of mainstream culture.
• Big as Life: The Everyday Inclusive Curriculum. Volume 1
  This guide is intended to assist early childhood teachers with the integration of multicultural, anti-bias education into the curriculum. Part one of the guide outlines the elements of a transformative curriculum, including relevant goals and objectives.
• Annotated Bibliography of 100 Quality Books of Multicultural Literature for Children in Grades K-6 (1990-1996)
  This annotated bibliography of contemporary multicultural books for children is divided into sections on: (1) non-fiction, biography (12 citations); (2) non-fiction, information (18 citations); (3) contemporary realistic fiction (14 citations); (4) folklore (11 citations); (5) historical fiction (11 citations); (6) modern fantasy (10 citations); (7) picture books (12 citations); and (8) poetry (12 citations). (NKA).
• Effective Teaching in Elementary Social Studies
  This book is designed for use in elementary social studies methods classes, as a source for discussion in advanced curriculum classes, and as a personal reference for elementary social studies teachers. This book has four major divisions with each division offering a list of lesson ideas.
• Future Directions with Troubled Children
  A leader in the education of troubled children identifies issues for the future. They include: (1) recognizing emotional and behavior disorders as a disability; (2) enhancing multicultural education with knowledge about commonalties; and (3) basing practices on scientific knowledge.
• Effects of a Hmong Intern on Hmong Students
  A program on Hmong culture, language, and history was implemented in a diverse, urban, public elementary school. Observations of two Hmong students while in the Hmong program and in their regular classroom were compared.
• From Moral Duty to Cultural Rights: A Case Study of Political Framing in Education
  Addresses questions about how old social causes get revived, and how small, politically insignificant interest groups mount viable campaigns against dominant political views. Examines the strategies of two multifaith religious coalitions in Ontario, Canada, that are gaining political ground by reframing traditional arguments for religious schooling as multicultural issues.
• "Back Home, Nobody'd Do That": Immigrant Students and Cultural Models of Schooling
  Asks what teachers must know about ethnic backgrounds to facilitate instruction for immigrant students, how cultural values in the United States and values of specific ethnic groups diverge, and how teachers can improve their understanding of other cultures. Answers through firsthand accounts from research interviews with students who are recent immigrants.
• The Model United Nations: 50+ and Growing Strong
  The Model U.N. is a popular experiential learning program that engages students through cooperative-learning techniques and multicultural education.
• Resources on Hot Topics in the Social Studies
  This compilation of annotated bibliographies focuses on current popular and important topics in social studies education.
• Talking Circles: A Native American Approach to Experiential Learning
  Talking circles, as a unique instructional approach, can be used to stimulate multicultural awareness while fostering respect for individual differences and facilitating group cohesion. A brief history of the talking circle is followed by detailed instructions, talking circle process questions, ideas for classroom discussion after the activity, and teaching strategies.
• Failing To Marvel: The Nuances, Complexities, and Challenges of Multicultural Education
  Reviews the complex nature of multicultural education, which as it advocates recognition of the values of many cultures, is nevertheless grounded in a Western culture and subject to Western deconstruction. Considers the challenge of the multicultural educator to recognize his or her own voice as representative of the dominant culture.
• African Studies in Canada: Problems and Challenges
  Examines the marginalization of African studies in the Canadian public school system and how educators might promote these studies to allow blacks to have a greater knowledge of them and increase their self-worth. Various challenges facing curriculum reform and future directions for African studies in Canada are discussed.
• Life in Schools. An Introduction to Critical Pedagogy in the Foundations of Education
  This book describes one individual's reinvention as an educator, from a liberal humanist to an advocate of critical pedogogy. It examines relationships between schooling, the wider social relations that inform it, and historically constructed needs and competencies that students bring to schools, focusing on the social conditions of disaffected students living in public housing units under oppressive circumstances and addressing the needs of inner-city teachers.
• Using Computer Technology to Promote Multicultural Awareness among Elementary School-Age Students
  Elementary school teachers, administrators, and counselors need to implement educational strategies that effectively help children develop skills necessary to manage technological demands and interpersonal challenges related to living in a highly diverse modern society. Discusses projects and activities that involve the use of computers among elementary school students.
• Career Counseling in Schools: Multicultural and Developmental Perspectives
  This handbook is a resource for counselor educators, school counselors, and other helping professionals who have not discovered an appropriate multicultural approach to career development. It is designed to enhance the school counselor's knowledge about cultural diversity and to provide appropriate career development interventions with special population students.
• Building on Existing Strengths To Increase Family Literacy. ERIC Digest Number 145
  This digest focuses on strategies for reaching families and increasing family literacy that reflect the strengths families already have. The Federal Even Start Family Literacy Program, authorized in 1988, is the catalyst for much of the family literacy activity nationally.
• Multicultural Education and Technology: Perspectives To Consider
  This article discusses multicultural education and educational technology and the digital divide created by lack of access to and use of technology by members of various social identity groups. Educators are urged to re-think technology integration using a multicultural education framework.
• "The Place I Will Always Remember": Drawing on Experiences through the Quilt Project
  Discusses a quilt project in which ninth-grade English-as-a-Second-Language students wrote, drew, and talked about what they knew, remembered, and felt on the topic "Where I Came From," creating an anthology and a quilt. Describes how students' speaking practice, written language abilities, and self-confidence improved.
• A Semiotic Framework for Linking Cultural Practice and Classroom Mathematics
  With the increasing recognition that connections are an important component in the pedagogy of school mathematics (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1989), there is a need for a theoretical framework that addresses the ways in which the real experiences and cultural practices of students may be connected with mathematics classroom pedagogy.
• Toward a New Paradigm for Multicultural Counseling
  Introduces wisdom as a fundamental quality of the effective multicultural counselor. Wisdom is defined, discussed, and differentiated from intelligence.
• ERIC/EECE Report: Character Education
  Summarizes recent ERIC documents in early childhood education and related areas. Topics include the integrated character education model, conflicts and prospects of character education in multicultural education, and the role of the schools in character education.
• Bridges on the I-Way: Multicultural Resources Online
  Presents an annotated list of various multicultural education resources that are available free of charge on the World Wide Web. Topics include: multicultural and gender issues in mathematics education; barrier-free education for students with disabilities; women in education; gender and equity reform in math, science, and engineering; and a profile of equitable mathematics and science classroom teachers.
• Critical Multiculturalism, Pedagogy, and Rhetorical Theory: A Negotiation of Recognition
  This paper aims to locate multiculturalisms rhetorically, using contemporary rhetorical theorists with which to do so, and using this theorized location to then discuss the implications of critical multiculturalist pedagogy within the writing classroom in shaping new discursive space in the Academy.
• Literacies of Inclusion: Feminism, Multiculturalism, and Youth
  Feminist and multicultural practices in public education can help achieve cultural inclusiveness. The paper examines multiple literacies and literacy learning in culturally diverse and gender fair schools, suggesting whole language programs, reader-response criticism, and feminism to expand the educational canon and ensure a public education representing the politics of inclusion.
• Mehrsprachige und plurikulturelle Schulmodelle in der Schweiz oder: "What's in a Name?" (Bilingual and Multicultural Education Models in Swiss Schools, or "What's in a Name?")
  In Switzerland, bilingual education models have existed for a long time. Some schools have a bilingual tradition that reaches back to the nineteenth century, as do informal models along the French-German language border.
• Exploring Multiculturalism through Children's Literature: The Batchelder Award Winners
  Argues that international translated literature, seldom available in U.S. classrooms and libraries, fosters tolerance and cultural understanding.
• Engineering Curriculum Transformation Project (ECTP): An Evaluation of First-Year Initiatives
  This report summarizes the Engineering Curriculum Transformation Project (ECTP) instituted at the University of Maryland during the 1995-1996 academic year. This initiative focused on facilitating the development of engineering course curricula based on diverse learning styles, more inclusive examples, and the incorporation of diversity and societal issues into the classroom.
• Between the World and the Village: The Role of Education in Sustaining and Developing an Eritrean Cultural Identity
  The role of education in the development of an Eritrean cultural identity is explored against the background of a review of relevant educational provisions in pluralist societies. Multicultural education in Eritrea offers access to a common culture and also to a variety of specific cultures.
• Math and Science Across Cultures: Activities and Investigations from the Exploratorium
  Throughout history, people of all cultures have used math and science in everyday life and contributed a wealth of ideas to these disciplines. However, math and science textbooks generally focus on the contributions of Western culture.
• Bridges on the I-Way: Multi-cultural Resources Online. Multi-cultural Portals
  Describes vertical portals (niche Web sites with content geared to specialty group) targeting ethnic minority groups in the United States. Reviews sites that serve as vertical portals for Latinos, Asian Americans, Black/African Americans, and Native Americans.
• Report on the Binational Conference: In Search of a Border Pedagogy (4th, El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, January 1999).
  This report contains a synopsis of the binational conference and features brief summaries of all the papers presented at the conference. Over 350 educators, community leaders, and researchers were brought together to discuss the educational extremes found along the border between the United States and Mexico and to investigate instructional approaches that address the unique characteristics of this region.
• Miami-Dade Community College: Applications at the Wolfson Campus
  Reviews the Miami-Dade Community College (MDCC) general education program, focusing on the program's specific applications at MDCC's Wolfson Campus. Indicates that general education at the Campus involves education in environmental issues, social studies, humanities, multicultural awareness, the cultivation of individual responsibility, and thinking skills.
• That Old Gang of Mine. Movies about Friendship, Loyalty, and the Culture of Violence
  Reviews three contemporary movies, "Sleepers," "Girls Town," and "Slingblade" in which the common thread is abuse of helpless children by patriarchal authorities, adult white men who assert power over young people. In all three movies, the anger of the young people and their friends suggests respect for the righteousness of violence that raises many social questions.
• Reflections on Multicultural Education: A Teacher's Experience
  Describes a high school-level multicultural course designed to challenge the predominantly white students to reflect upon system power inequities that benefitted many of them directly. Students engaged in social action projects, working with people unlike themselves in organizations that had social justice orientations.
• "Old-fashioned, good teachers": African American parents' views of effective early instruction
  
• The Identity Development of Multiracial Youth. ERIC/CUE Digest, Number 137
  In the past several decades, individuals have been responding more actively to political and personal pressures to identify with a specific group that shares their background. For many people of mixed racial, ethnic, and cultural heritage, making such an identification is complicated.
• Obstaculos al aprendizaje--obstaculos a la ensenanza en contextos (Barriers to Learning--Barriers to Teaching in Multicultural Contexts). Papers on Teacher Training and Multicultural/Intercultural Education 25
  This study focused on identifying learning difficulties with a view to incorporating both understanding of those difficulties and methods for minimizing or neutralizing them in multicultural classroom settings. Discussion gives guidelines for teachers to use in analyzing student concepts and approaches to learning, particularly in the question-and-answer format.
• The 1996 Carter G. Woodson Book Awards
  Discusses this year's recipients of the award that honors books dealing with subjects related to U.S. ethnic minorities and race relations in a manner suitable for young readers.
• Infusing Multicultural Education: A Process of Creating Organizational Change at the College Level
  A case study uses the concept of second-order organizational change to conceptualize the nature of change associated with infusing multicultural education within a large college of education. A four-year process is described, in which qualitative changes to the organization's culture occurred.
• Research Update. Multicultural Training in Parks and Recreation Programs
  Parks and recreation professionals need training in multicultural education to handle an increasingly diverse public. Research indicates that most graduate parks-and-recreation education programs do not have multicultural education or gender issues infused into the curriculum.
• Mount St. Mary's College. Policy Perspectives. Exemplars
  This report describes the efforts of Mount St. Mary's College (California) to extend the benefits of a strong, traditional baccalaureate program to an underserved population of women in an urban region, including substantial numbers of minority and first-generation college students.
• Multicultural Reasoning and the Appreciation of Art
  Explicates a multicultural approach to art education that enhances critical thinking. Grounds this approach in the philosophical principles of constructivism that emphasize the student's construction of meaning rather than the passive transmission of knowledge from a teacher.
• Multiracial Asians: Models of Ethnic Identity
  Expanding the definition of "Asian" to include Amerasians of Latino, African, and Native American origins challenges the Asian American community to deconstruct race and examine the racism inherent even in Asian communities. The multiracial experience continues to expand the dynamic construction of Asian identity.
• A Student's Guide to Irish American Genealogy. Oryx American Family Tree Series
  This book provides a step-by-step guide to genealogical research in the United States and Ireland for Irish Americans. The book also contains information on the history of Ireland and Irish immigration.
• On Exclusion and Inclusion in Classroom Texts and Talk. Report Series 7.5
  To analyze some of the processes through which student voices and lived experiences can be either excluded or included, a study focused on elements of the classroom environment already addressed in previous analyses, examining "texts and talk" in two middle school English classrooms.
• Tora no Maki. Lessons for Teaching about Contemporary Japan.
  "Tora no Maki" or "Scroll of the Tiger" is a teacher's guide designed to aid in teaching appropriate standards for social studies content and skills, using a contemporary focus on Japan's culture and economy.
• Indigenous Peoples, Globalization, and Education: Making Connections
  Globalization pushes aside social, cultural, and ethical goals of education in favor of marketplace goals. Two stories of the indigenous Ju/'hoansi tribe in Botswana illustrate how even well-intentioned multicultural education programs can marginalize indigenous people, and how "globalization from below," fueled by communities of sentiment, can redirect globalization toward advancing social justice in a sustainable future.
• "Making Sense of Developmentally and Culturally Appropriate Practice (DCAP) in Early Childhood Education," by Eunsook Hyun. Book Review
  Discusses Hyun's examination of developmentally appropriate multicultural education in early childhood education, noting applications of the theory and techniques to the Canadian education system. Considers the book a timely, informed, and challenging contribution to the process of developing multicultural education.
• Early Childhood Education in Azerbaijan
  Describes the Early Learning Childhood Center in Azerbaijan's capital city. Focuses on the goals of the program; its initial development; staff ratios, compensation, and teacher training; curriculum; cultural challenges and compromise; and relationships with parents.
• Lifelong Learning and Its Impact on Social and Regional Development. Contributions to the European Conference on Lifelong Learning (1st, Bremen, Germany, October 3-5, 1996). Collected Papers
  This book contains 56 papers from a European conference. Representative papers includes articles on Adult Education,Continuing Education Educational Needs,Lifelong Learning,Access to Education,Adult Students,College Programs,Community Development,Cultural Pluralism Developed Nations,Educational Policy,Educational Trends,Females,Foreign Countries,Futures (of Society),Information Technology,Males Multicultural Education and Open Education.
• African Americans Who Made a Difference. 15 Plays for the Classroom
  These easy-to-read classroom plays are about 15 African American men and women in a variety of vocations. The plays are designed to enhance the curriculum and to make social studies come alive for the student as they bolster language-arts teaching.
• Biculturalism in Postsecondary Inuit Education
  A survey of 30 first-semester postsecondary Inuit students from northern Quebec, living and studying in the Montreal area, found that a large majority were bicultural in cultural identity. Results support the bicultural and bilingual model practiced by the Kativik school board's dual mandate.
• Multicultural Instructional Materials: How To Choose?
  This article provides six criteria to help teachers decide which multiculturally-focused instructional materials might most appropriately meet their needs.
• Intellectual Leadership and the Influence of Early African American Scholars on Multicultural Education
  Examines key aspects of multicultural education and early African American scholarship to broaden, deepen, and refine our understanding of their common roots. Early African American scholars exercised intellectual leadership by challenging the metanarrative, encouraging perspective-taking, and providing an intellectual foundation for questioning the status quo and building a just society.
• Constructing the Other through Community Service Learning
  This is an exploratory study of the reactions that 65 European American preservice teachers had to the community service learning (CSL) component of a multicultural education course. The CSL project was intended to facilitate the development of intercultural competence and to foster the idea of teachers as agents of social justice.
• A Sound Education
  Although band, chorus, and orchestra are still mainstays of most school music programs, many schools are incorporating technology, multicultural music, composition, and improvisation into the course offerings. Music teachers must balance tradition and innovation.
• Representations of Indigenous Knowledges in Secondary School Science Textbooks in Australia and Canada
  Employs discourse analysis techniques to examine the approach taken in addressing minority group knowledges in two recently-published sets of junior secondary science texts, with a specific focus on the incorporation of indigenous knowledge into the texts. (Contains 44 references.) (Author/WRM).
• Ethnicity and Culture in Russian Schools
  This paper presents a brief overview of education in the Soviet Union during the Marxist era and states that one result of the Communist system collapse in 1991 was that it became imperative to democratize Russian society and schooling.
• Reprise of Iroquois "Influence" Issue. The Public Eye
  Reviews recent publications criticizing the idea that the intellectual development of U.S. democracy was influenced by the political organization of the Iroquois Confederacy.
• Commentary on "Laying Down the Sword."
  Discusses a book which describes through poetry, essays, and personal life reflections on how it was to grow up as a Black American. Offers information on the author, an educational administrator and 30-year veteran of the music and recording industry; presents the book's introduction; and includes comments about the book by two educational administrators.
• Preparing Technical Students for Culturally Diverse Work Settings by Integrating a Multicultural Dimension into Technical Curriculums
  Multicultural activities should be integrated into technical curricula. Schools must make a serious effort to sensitize students to the nuances of other cultures so they are better able to meet the challenges of the workplace.
• Daring To Change: The Potential of Intercultural Education in Aymara Communities in Chile
  Describes and evaluates a teacher training project in Chile that was meant to change attitudes toward native culture among rural teachers in one Aymara school district serving approximately 200 children. Findings suggest that hegemonic barriers stand in the way of broadening the scope of intercultural education in plural, democratic societies.
• Teaching about Africa. ERIC Digest
  This digest offers practical suggestions for inclusion of teaching about Africa in the curriculum.
• Family Gardens and Solar Ovens: Making Science Education Accessible to Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students
  Describes the Bilingual Integrated Curriculum Project (BICOMP), an approach to multicultural science education that uses activities that minority communities are familiar with and feel comfortable with as the basis for teaching English and grade-level concepts as parents share traditional knowledge and primary language skills. Examples illustrate the sheltered constructivist approach of BICOMP.
• Reading Counter-Hegemonic Practices through a Postmodern Lens
  Examines similarities, differences, limitations, and possibilities of critical pedagogy, feminist pedagogy, and multicultural adult education. Considers how postmodern thought has influenced these discourses.
• Puzzles, Patterns, Drums: The Dawn of Mathematics in Rwanda and Burundi
  Introduces games, puzzles, patterns, and drums from the African countries of Rwanda and Burundi. Contains 25 references.
• Multicultural Resources on the Internet: The United States and Canada
  Designed as a research aid for educators and students in high school or college, this guide gathers and organizes information about Internet and World Wide Web sources that deal with multicultural issues that are likely to be of interest to an English-speaking audience in the United States and Canada.
• Reaching All Families: Creating Family-Friendly Schools
  Recognizing the critical role parents have in developing their children's learning habits, this booklet offers strategies that focus on ways principals and teachers can communicate with diverse families about: (1) school goals, programs, activities, and procedures; (2) the progress of individual students; and (3) home activities which can improve children's school learning.
• Multicultural Approaches in Math and Science
  The Eisenhower National Clearinghouse for Mathematics and Science Education (ENC) helps teachers by offering a broad assortment of services that enable them to quickly locate educational resources. This document is one in a series of print catalogs designed to give educators information about curriculum resources available for teaching math and science in K-12 classrooms.
• Why Aren't Teachers Using Effective Multicultural Education Practices?
  A study involving 113 graduate students, all practicing teachers, identifies five major reasons why teachers are not using effective multicultural education practices in their classrooms. These reasons center on the lack of information about multicultural education and effective practices to promote it.
• Girls Can Succeed in Science! Antidotes for Science Phobia in Boys and Girls
  This book provides teachers with effective strategies to help encourage all students but particularly young women who are apprehensive about science.
• Listening to History: A Qualitative Research Study
  This study used an oral history method to collect data from contemporary citizens who grew up in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s. The primary purpose of the study was to gather historical evidence from those eras and identify participants' life themes and values.
• Multicultural Training Needs for Counselors of Gifted African American Children
  Identifies problems related to a counselor's lack of training to assist gifted African American children and proposes steps toward appropriate counselor training. A good multicultural training program has components of consciousness raising, antiracism, and knowledge and skill development.
• Educational Resources on Traditional African Music: An Annotated Bibliography of Contemporary Offerings and Suggestions for Their Use in the Classroom
  This annotated bibliography examines 29 significant works on traditional African music published between 1960 and 1991 that provide information and perspectives that supersede those of instructional resources published earlier. (SLD).
• Why Standardized Tests Threaten Multiculturalism
  Oregon's statewide social-studies assessment (a randomized, multiple-choice maze) is part of a "democratic" national standards movement that threatens good teaching and multicultural studies. If multiculturalism's key goal is accounting for historical influences on current social realities, then Oregon's standards and tests earn a failing grade.
• Collaborative Teaching: Many Joys, Some Surprises, and a Few Worms
  Discusses a professional-development course for educators, team-taught by three faculty members that combined the content of courses in multicultural education, special education, and human development. Each teacher describes his or her experiences and the issues addressed; student comments are examined; and the requirements for and benefits of effective team teaching are explored.
• Global Education in the Middle School Curriculum: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
  Discusses connections between global education and interdisciplinary teaching and learning, cooperative learning, active learning, and authentic assessment at the middle school level. Considers differences between multicultural education and the broader scope of global education to include international events and interactions among cultures throughout the world.
• Young Children Learn about Immigrants to the United States
  Describes a program at an inner-city day care and after-school program (Brooklyn, New York) designed to help children express, share, and take pride in their family cultures, and to respond to increasing hostility toward new immigrant groups. Includes an annotated bibliography of resources for teaching about immigrants to the United States.
• Making Peace: A Narrative Study of a Bilingual Liaison, a School and a Community
  Explores the role of bilingual liaisons in resolving conflicts and building bridges of understanding between schools and diverse communities, discussing the representation of individuals' voices and narrative forms that engage readers aesthetically and critically; addressing multiple conflicts affecting the lives of minority language students, their families, and schools; and noting the need to move to a paradigm of making peace. (SM).
• The next generation of teachers: Changing conceptions of a career in teaching
  Based on information from interviews with 50 first- and second-year teachers in Massachusetts, proposes a mixed model for the teaching career: one that would be responsive to the needs of both teachers who envision long-term careers and those who envision short-term stays in teaching. Draws implications for teacher recruitment and retention strategies.
• Addressing the Needs of Biracial Children: An Issue for Counselors in a Multicultural School Environment
  Focuses on the school counseling concerns of biracial children and the use of developmental school counseling programs as a means of promoting positive self-awareness in biracial students. Views developmental counseling programs as a viable vehicle for promoting awareness of and respect for the many factors that differentiate one person from another.
• Accent Discrimination: Implications for the Multicultural Educational Institution of the 21st Century
  Based on litigation patterns, discrimination because of accent occurs most frequently in colleges and universities, particularly in the classroom. Accent discrimination cases are unlike other employment discrimination cases because successful claims generally do not depend on qualifications, but on accent's effect on job performance.
• Voices of Varied Racial Ethnicities Enrolled in Multicultural/Antiracist Education Computer and Telecommunication Courses: Protocols for Multicultural Technology Education Reform
  Two case studies involving graduate education majors illustrate how multicultural/antiracist education and computer-mediated communication can interact successfully and further broaden cultural sensitivity in technology through diverse perceptions and contributions. Facilitating factors included theory-to-practice concepts, Internet dialogue, and student/teacher interactions.
• Examining the Literacy Practices of Home, School, and Community: When Does Difference Make a Difference?
  A mismatch between the intended purpose of a curriculum strategy and the discourse understandings of students that enable them to engage in the activity is a common occurrence when the purposes of the curriculum strategy are not apparent to the students. This is more likely to happen in schools in multicultural societies.
• The Eye of the Other: Reading Difference in Language and Literature
  Combining academic prose, some narrative, a poem, and some literary criticism, this project paper presents a theoretical framework for the literature base of the curriculum the teacher hopes to make operational on various levels over several years. The first section of the paper discusses the goals and various approaches of multicultural education.
• Multicultural Education: Implications for Science Education and Supervision
  Describes general development of multiculturalism and multicultural education. Emphasizes multicultural education as a valuable resource for science education, which should be acknowledged, respected, and implemented into the existing science curriculum.
• International & Intercultural Education. Corp Author(s): Maricopa County Community Coll. District, Phoenix, AZ
  This report relates Maricopa County Community College District's (MCCCD) mission statement for international and intercultural education, and presents the strategic plan for developing this type of education at each of the district's community colleges. The mission statement recognizes that because the globe is a home that all cultures, nations, and people must share, the district should prepare its students for successful participation in a global community.
• Is There a Place for Cultural Studies in Colleges of Education?
  Describes the diverse assumptions and practices defined under the banner of cultural studies, suggesting how the field might have important consequences for individuals concerned with reforming schools and colleges of education. The paper addresses how progressive educators might contribute, examining how the field could be included in the larger discourse of social reconstruction.
• The Relativity of Values and the Implications for Multicultural and Values Education
  Evaluates main arguments for the relativity of moral values. Although anthropological evidence shows that values are relative to one's culture, this sense of relativity seems compatible with universal moral or ethical values.
• Making Positive Multicultural Early Childhood Education Happen
  Describes the process of implementing a positive multicultural educational plan in the early-childhood classroom. Explores techniques in expanding teacher knowledge, changing teacher attitudes, and implementing new ideas; also covers skills necessary to making multicultural education effective, what the plan should teach children, opportunities for mentoring, and parental inclusion in the process.
• Contemporary Art and Multicultural Education
  As a curriculum guide for high school teachers and students, this volume is a natural outgrowth of the philosophy of the New Museum of Contemporary Art. It provides thought-provoking and innovative materials that challenge the normative practice of art education and art history.
• Learning Styles, Culture and Inclusive Instruction in the Multicultural Classroom: A Business and Management Perspective
  Examines the learning style profile exhibited by students in a multicultural class of international business management and how cultural conditioning is reflected in the learning style preferences of students. Explains the use of the Index of Learning Styles and discusses implications for the design of business management curriculum.
• Artistic Triumph or Multicultural Failure?: Multiple Perspectives on a "Multicultural" Award-Winning Book
  Explores the responses of a range of adults (all five Pueblo Indians) to one children's book, "Arrow to the Sun," based on a Pueblo Indian tale and written by a non-Indian. Discusses concerns for accuracy, authenticity, and sensitivity.
• The Spirit of Chinese Shadow Puppet Theater
  Presents a project where fourth- and fifth-grade students created Chinese shadow puppets, designed scenery for puppet theater, built the theater, wrote plays, and put on performances in a Chinese theater festival. Lists a collection of resources.
• Charting a Course for Research in Multicultural Counseling Training
  Presents an integrative reaction to three articles on multicultural training. Follows the narrative path set by these pieces, offers a theme analysis, and uses personal experiences to delineate 31 characteristics of positive training environments.
• DBAE: The Next Generation
  Examines the development and evolution of discipline-based art education (DBAE) from its inception in the early 1980s to its current practice. Maintains that the movement's success comes from the support and acceptance of educators in the field.
• Good Days/Bad Days: Learning To Teach in Two Different Multicultural Schools
  This paper presents information regarding two university field programs in two elementary schools in New Orleans (Louisiana), serving culturally diverse children, and it attempts to reveal the influences of each school context on preservice teachers' acquisition of pedagogical content knowledge, their concerns and dilemmas, and their frames of reference about teaching children in a nonmainstream school setting.
• Voices of Cultural Harmony. Spotlight: Montessori--Multilingual, Multicultural
  Asserts the importance of viewing the world as an interrelated system in which each culture and person has important gifts to share. Examines how prejudicial attitudes can be changed through teaching tolerance.
• Literacy and Bilingualism: A Handbook for ALL Teachers
  This handbook provides background information, ideas for classroom instruction, and suggestions for reflective practice for teachers of literacy and bilingual students. All approaches described here encourage the integration of all language skills in teaching literacy.
• Multicultural Mathematical Ideas: A New Course
  Discusses the need for a college course on multicultural mathematics. Provides information about the course, examining mathematics within various cultural settings both past and present.
• Polynesian Folklore: An Alternative to Plastic Toys
  Argues that folklore goes beyond plastic toys and popular media symbols to share the humanness of a people. Suggest ways to use Polynesian folklore (nature fables, tales, and legends) to deepen children's understanding of Polynesian culture.
• Women of Color: Perspectives within the Profession
  To effectively interact with their students, leaders and teachers in sport and physical activity must be familiar with their students' cultural backgrounds. This collection of articles discusses how women of color deal with and have been affected by their racial and ethnic identities in relationship to physical activity and sport.
• Diversity Within Unity: Essential Principles for Teaching and Learning in a Multicultural Society
  Discusses 12 essential principles to help schools teach democratic values in a multicultural society. Derived from findings of the Multicultural Education Consensus Panel to review and synthesize research on diversity, principles are organized into five categories: Teacher learning; student learning; intergroup relations; school governance, organization, and equity; and assessment.
• Towards A Pragmatic Science in Schools
  Contrasts naive beliefs about the nature of science with science as it appears from sociological and philosophical study, feminist critique, and insights from multicultural education. Pragmatic school science is situated within a framework that questions how we know and the recognition that even high-status knowledge can be challenged.
• Colloquium on Student Achievement in Multicultural School Districts: Keynote Address
  In educating diverse students, the emphasis should be on what teachers do to make children succeed. Poverty and culture are not impediments to learning, but the quality of service children receive can be an impediment.
• Teaching Is a Cultural Activity
  Explores teaching as a cultural activity by focusing on U.S. and Japanese systems of teaching in the context of cultural beliefs about how students learn and the teacher's role in the learning process.
• Teaching for Our Times: Focus on Learning, Volume Two
  The articles in this book were written by faculty and staff at Bunker Hill Community College (MA), each author addressing the issue of learning by incorporating their experiences as educational leaders. In this second volume of Teaching for Our Times, the focus is on what makes and shapes learning.
• Making Connections: Literature as a Basis for Multiple Perspectives and Interdisciplinary Education. Revised Edition.
  This booklet presents a description of Making Connections, a multicultural core curriculum program, and a list of recommended literature for interdisciplinary units. The first section discusses materials, using the Making Connections program, integrating relevant content areas, the stages of the research process, assessment, and making connections using the historical novel "Friedrich.".
• Maybe Shakespeare Was Right about "Race"!
  Explains how the 19th- and 20th-century use of the word "race"--in the media, culture, and in classrooms--is one core element of the problem of racism that remains today. Further, it argues that teachers must critically analyze the words used in the classroom because they are primary active agents in formulating the subsequent actions society takes.
• Universitas: The Social Restructuring of American Undergraduate Education
  This book offers a reflective examination of the purposes of undergraduate education and argues for an integrated pedagogy that is intersubjective, interdisciplinary, and intercultural. The book is divided into three general parts.
• Influences of Shared Poetry Texts: The Chorus in Voice
  Discusses the development of voice through a specific free-form poetry-writing experience. Suggests a method for teaching poetry that draws heavily on poets from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds.
• Intercultural Communication Activities in the Classroom: Turning Stumbling Blocks into Building Blocks
  This paper explores behavior patterns that inhibit effective communication in everyday, educational, and business cross-cultural settings. Opportunities to change these inhibiting patterns, metaphorically referred to as "stumbling blocks," into building blocks or tools for successful intercultural understandings are discussed in the paper through three structured intercultural simulation activities.
• Multicultural Art and Visual Cultural Education in a Changing World
  Focuses on multicultural education/art and visual culture education addressing the issues of history, heritage, tradition, culture, personal cultural identity, multiculturalism, multicultural education, and social reconstruction approaches. Provides six position statements for multicultural art and visual culture education and a curriculum example.
• Native Americans Today: Resources and Activities for Educators, Grades 4-8
  This activity guide seeks to dispel misrepresentations of Native Americans and build understanding among cultures by offering a hands-on approach to dissecting the whys and hows of institutionalized racism and by painting a realistic and diverse picture of modern American Indians.
• Curricular Approaches To Developing Positive Interethnic Relations
  Examines how curricular approaches have helped build positive interethnic relations in a large, ethnically diverse high school, documenting four curricular approaches teacher leaders used to address issues of race and ethnicity and exploring the impact of those approaches on student learning. Illuminates how teacher leaders and administrators created the conditions for these curricular reforms to be sustainable.
• Multicultural Education as Social Activism. SUNY Series, The Social Context of Education
  Multicultural education is a relatively new field that has faced a struggle for legitimacy. This book argues that multicultural education can be understood as a form of resistance to dominant modes of schooling, and particularly to white supremacy.
• Salary-Trend Study of Faculty in Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies for the Years 1997-98 and 2000-01
  This report is part of an annual national survey that examines salaries of full-time teaching faculty in 54 selected disciplines. Data for the study as a whole were collected from 305 public and 403 private institutions for the baseline year of 1997-1998 and the trend year of 1999-2000.
• Adult Education in Multi-Ethnic Europe: A Handbook for Organisational Change. International Perspectives in Adult Education, No. 19
  This is a handbook to assist European adult educators in teaching in a multicultural society, presenting models of intercultural practice for organizational and staff development in youth and adult education.
• Multiculturalism and the Mission of Liberal Education
  This paper examines attempts at four prototypical undergraduate liberal arts colleges to build community based on liberal educational principles and values, and investigates liberal education's ability to meet the challenges of multiculturalism. Data for the study was derived from a content analysis of archival materials from the four colleges, including mission statements, college catalogues, admissions viewbooks and videos, capital campaign videos, admissions CD-ROMS, and institution Web sites.
• Minority Religious Practices: The Need for Awareness and Knowledge
  Study was conducted to investigate whether educators have knowledge regarding various religious groups. Results indicated few educators possess knowledge of minority religious holidays, religious prohibitions and restrictions, and identities of prophets and founders of these religions.
• Telling Their Side of the Story: African-American Students' Perceptions of Culturally Relevant Teaching
  Examined African American elementary school students' interpretations of culturally relevant teachers within urban contexts. Student responses indicated that culturally relevant teaching strategies had a positive effect on student effort and engagement in class content.
• A Student's Guide to German American Genealogy. Oryx American Family Tree Series
  This book is designed to help the novice in understanding how to conduct genealogical research for German ancestors. A brief introduction to each chapter offers ideas on topics for research and resources to consult.
• Identity Formation and the Processes of "Othering": Unraveling Sexual Threads
  Discusses the extent to which the processes of "othering" (marking and naming those considered different from oneself) fall into the physical and sexual realm. The paper examines three studies, highlighting the extent to which othering is sexual, naming and exploring what it means for current school practice in multicultural environments.
• White Teachers/Black Schools; Stories from Apartheid South Africa
  Interviewed white teachers in apartheid-era South Africa who taught in segregated schools for black students, all of whom believed that they were part of the fight against apartheid. Though they taught in segregated schools, they worked to facilitate students' political awareness and voice.
• Race Equality and School Improvement: Some Aspects of the Birmingham Experience
  Describes two initiatives--Education for Our Multicultural Society/Success for Everyone and KWESI--illustrating Birmingham Local Education Authority's (LEA's) efforts to enhance racial equity and improve schools. These initiatives demonstrate the LEA as policymaker, providing a clear sense of vision and purpose, and as an enabler and facilitator for change.
• Taking a Canoe to the Moon: Comprehensive Art Education for the Pacific. PREL Briefing Paper
  This paper describes a comprehensive model for art education for the Pacific Islands that includes the study of the content of visual art, including production, history, criticism, and aesthetics.
• Pedagogic Discourse and Equity in Mathematics: When Teachers' Talk Matters
  Discusses the role and nature of pedagogic discourse. Suggests that teacher talk plays an important role in the learning of radically, ethnically, and linguistically diverse students.
• Reconsidering Rigoberta
  Examines the appropriateness of Rigoberta Menchu's book, "I, Rigoberta: An Indian Woman in Guatemala," which examines the Mayan civil rights struggle, for high school and college classes studying multicultural experiences, explaining that teachers who understand the various challenges to the book will be prepared to lead thoughtful examinations of the story and its subtext. An annotated recommended bibliography is included.
• Teachers' Applications of Banks' Typology of Ethnic Identity Development and Curriculum Goals to Story Content and Classroom Discussion: Phase Two. Instructional Resource No. 35
  This instructional resource presents ways in which teachers participating in a lesson bank exchange program for an ongoing research project have applied J. A.
• Perceptions of Teachers, Administrators, and Community Members about Returning to a Neighborhood School Structure
  This study investigated the perceptions of selected stakeholders about the impact of returning to a district-wide neighborhood school structure after having been under a federal desegregation mandate (involving busing) since the 1970s. It focuses on data from interviews with African American and white elementary school teachers.
• Using Stories To Introduce and Teach Multicultural Literature
  Discusses the importance of stories in introducing migrants to the new societies they enter. Stories allow people to reach out to past generations and provide examples of successful coping in new lives.
• A Real Challenge: Teaching Latino Culture to White Students
  Cultural studies courses offered to undergraduate students of foreign languages tend to rely on canonical works that avoid sociopolitical perspectives and present the culture of the "Other" within the dominant world view. There is an urgent need to move from these traditional curricula to more engaging programs that capture the challenging postmodern articulations between language, culture, and social narratives.
• Culturally Responsive Assessment: Development Strategies and Validity Issues
  Discusses challenges to the development of culturally responsive assessments, focusing on issues of validity that include construct underrepresentation, score generalizability, curricular relevance, value implications, and content/experience bias. (SLD).
• Multicultural Empowerment in Middle School Social Studies through Drama Pedagogy
  Discusses what multicultural empowerment means and why it should play a major role in educating middle-school students; how elements of multicultural empowerment can be incorporated into middle-school social studies; and how drama pedagogy can be used to integrate middle-school multicultural education and social studies, outlining a progression of six phases from origination to completion. (SR).
• The Unexplored: Art Education Historians' Failure to Consider the Southwest
  Observes that, as concerns for multicultural education increase, art-education historians' inattention to areas outside of the Northeast becomes apparent. Uses New Mexico as an example of a state meeting multicultural needs in art education, but points out that much information about New Mexico cannot be found in mainstream art-education publications.
• Teaching with Picture Books in the Middle School
  Arguing that picture books have much to offer students in the upper grades (including middle school and even high school students), this book discusses using picture books to stimulate students' thinking in a variety of topic areas.
• Teachers for Multicultural Schools: The Power of Selection
  Proposes 12 teacher attributes that are important in multicultural schools, focusing on specific teacher qualities and ideology and explaining that selecting teachers who are predisposed to perform the sophisticated expectations of multicultural teaching is a necessary precondition. Training has important value after preselection, providing it emphasizes being mentored on the job as fully accountable teachers.
• Tribal Rhythms: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Multicultural Education
  Describes the "Tribal Rhythms" (registered) program, a process that uses the themes of "tribe" and the Arts to build community and engage participants in culture-making activities that enable them to build a "tribe." Discusses the use of the program in Boston, Massachusetts, elementary schools. (SLD).
• PEPNet 2000 Innovation in Education. Conference Proceedings (Denver, Colorado, April 5-8, 2000)
  This proceedings focus on the best practices and most effective strategies for meeting the needs of postsecondary students who are deaf and hard of hearing.
• Learning To Be a Citizen in the Global Age
  Discusses how to teach students to be citizens in today's diverse world, examining current key issues and explaining the varying forms of citizenship and variables associated with access to them. Stresses the need to integrate education for the diverse range of citizen learning models in order to abolish social discrimination forever.
• Cultures in Conflict
  The implementation of a multicultural program for African-American and Hispanic students in an urban high school is presented. Increased intergroup tensions relating them to the students' concepts of culture and race are discussed.
• A Developing Model of Teachers Educating Themselves for Multicultural Pedagogy
  This paper reports on the individual student projects of 37 classroom teachers enrolled in a graduate class on multicultural arts education. Identifies points of initial resistance and relates these to patterns of change.
• Multicultural Literature and the Politics of Reaction
  Examines the conservative response to the movement for multiculturalism as manifested in the case of children's literature, exploring the challenges posed to those concerned with creating, producing, distributing, and consuming children's literature. The paper also explores authorship of multicultural books, discussing the freedom of writers to write without restriction.
• The Elementary School Library Collection: A Guide to Books and Other Media, Phases 1-2-3. 20th Edition
  This collection development aid lists more than 10,000 titles of children's materials available in a variety of formats (in addition to print materials, the guide also includes sound recordings, video cassettes, microcomputer software programs, CD-ROM products, and videodiscs).
• Diversity and Development: Futures in the Education of Adults. Proceedings of the Annual Conference (26th, Leeds, England, July 2-4, 1996)
  Fifty-three papers are included in this proceeding. The papers are on the following topics: Adult Education, Community Education Objectives, Practices,Trends'Computer Uses in Education, Cultural Differences, Foreign Countries,Futures (of Society), Higher Education Humanities I.
• Assessing Education's Response to Multicultural Issues
  Finds that, according to responses by administrators, most journalism/mass communication units accredited by the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication seem to have done somewhat more than unaccredited units to sensitize students to a multicultural society and to hire minority faculty and recruit minority students. (SR).
• Foundations of Education, Volume I: History and Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments. Second Edition
  This text, one of two volumes on the instruction of students with visual impairments, focuses on the history and theory of teaching such students.
• Towards a Comprehensive Language Policy: The Language of the School As a Second Language. An Ontario Perspective
  Suggests that Native students entering school in Ontario (Canada) are not treated equally with regard to support for or valuing of their Native language. Overviews research related to second-language instruction and provides policy recommendations for Native-language students, second-language instruction, deaf education, and developing a comprehensive second-language education policy.
• The Challenge of Educating English Language Learners in Rural Areas
  Rural school districts are experiencing an influx of language minority students. Rural communities generally have little experience with people from other cultures and have fewer resources and bilingual people.
• Reinvented inclusive schools: A framework to guide fundamental change
  This report presents a systemic change framework for creating inclusive urban schools. It explains that if a key feature of reform focuses on multicultural education as a fundamental social and educational transformation, then opportunities for all students to achieve educational equity will be realized in U.S.
• Multicultural Literature in Rural Schools: A Social Studies Unit that Promotes Cultural Awareness
  Presents a study in which 12 multicultural literature selections were used in a unit on families in order to facilitate the cultural awareness of second-grade students who live in a predominately African American, rural community. Discusses the themes that emerged.
• Effective Communication in Multicultural Classrooms
  This research tries to determine effective intercultural classroom communication in the American higher education setting. Theories on classroom communication and intercultural communication (Uncertainty Reduction and Communication Accommodation) are used to build the framework.
• "El Acto:" Studying the Hispanic American Experience through the Farm Worker Theater
  Maintains that teachers can develop a drama skit known as "el acto" for studying Hispanic American history and contemporary themes. Discusses the history of this dramatic form and how it has been used in the schools.
• Developing Teaching for Tolerance Programs in Central and Eastern Europe
  Polish society, characterized by closed attitudes toward religious minorities, is poorly prepared for contact with other cultures; yet postcommunist Poland is becoming increasingly heterogeneous. Intercultural education infused throughout the curriculum would help children learn tolerance.
• A Social Studies Educator's Continental Journey
  Describes a social studies educator's experience in moving within the United States from the East to the West coast and how aspects of this geographic change intersected with issues and concerns in social studies education. Concludes that social studies needs to be valued and assessed in order to ensure its survival.
• In Search of Wholeness: African American Teachers and Their Culturally Specific Classroom Practices
  This collection of essays is a theoretical and practice-oriented treatment of how culture and race influence African American teachers. After an introduction, "The Common Experience" (Jacqueline Jordan Irvine), there are eight chapters in two parts.
• Multicultural Education in the U.S.: A Guide to Policies and Programs in the 50 States
  This book compiles information to investigate the presence and structure of multicultural education programs throughout the United States. The book begins by discussing the need for multicultural education programs, and the goal of which is to provide more accurate descriptions of America's microcultural populations and to guarantee a better education for all American school children, regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, or language background.
• Race in the College Classroom: Pedagogy and Politics
  This collection of essays by college instructors who teach in the humanities, social sciences, science, and education, addresses the challenges faced by professors who believe that teaching responsibly requires an honest examination of race.
• Constructing Multiple Subjectivities in Classroom Literacy Contexts
  Demonstrates ways in which three students in a multi-age, literature-based grade 3/4 classroom constructed and reconstructed their subjectivities based on demands of the social setting. Notes that each student's participation was influenced by gender, social class, ethnicity, and the task.
• Multicultural Education: Issues, Policies, and Practices. Research in Multicultural Education and International Perspectives, Volume 1
  This book presents recent research findings on different aspects of multicultural education, informing teachers of the issues, policies, and new approaches prevalent around the world.
• Multi-Institutional Collaborations for International Vocational Education: How To Manage It
  In the current global educational environment, students and faculty must be able to understand people of different cultures and learn to communicate and compete with them in the workplace. One way of enhancing the curriculum to include international and multicultural elements is by developing cooperative programs with institutions in other countries, such as teacher exchanges, joint curriculum development, and study abroad for students.
• Reading Engaged Readers: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
  Describes the importance of understanding that engaged readers can make commitments or promises to understand other readers' perspectives of a text and their interests in using it. Describes how the author's demonstration lesson to a group of Kazakstan educators was transformed into a site for exploring the educators' practices for using a folktale.
• Science Motivation in the Multicultural Classroom
  Discusses how to integrate into the curriculum the interests of children of all ethnic backgrounds. Includes a rubric for multicultural contributions to science.
• Cultivating the Natural Linguist. Spotlight: Montessori--Multilingual, Multicultural
  Describes Montessori's vision of young children as natural linguists and how home and school can support children's natural abilities in one or more languages. Presents five basic principles of second-language acquisition--related to educational environment, the acquisition process, components of proficiency, and cultural context and time--and describes how they can be successfully met in a Montessori environment.
• The Eight Curricula of Multicultural Citizenship Education
  Describes eight curricula that interact simultaneously in multicultural and citizenship education: the prescribed (or intended) curriculum, the taught curriculum, the tested curriculum, the reported curriculum, the hidden curriculum, the missing curriculum, the external curriculum, and the learned curriculum. Notes the importance of researchers in the field of multicultural and citizenship education paying attention to these curricula.
• Voices from the Trenches: Students' Insights Regarding Multicultural Teaching/Learning
  Describes a conference presentation on "Multicultural Ways of Thinking: Removing the Blinders," in which a teaching strategy called "anonymous sharing" was modeled. The strategy allows participants to share ideas in a nonthreatening way by reading comments made anonymously by others.
• Computer Use Levers Power Sharing: Multicultural Students' Styles of Participation and Knowledge
  This study investigated ways four elementary teachers learned to use technology in a way sensitive to cultural differences of their students. The most significant finding was that as teachers started using three to five computers in their classrooms, they shifted from large-group to small-group instruction.
• Celebrating Heritage through Literature (Rainbow Teachers/Rainbow Students)
  Describes ways to promote literacy and appreciation for heritage by celebrating the literacy contributions of authors of color, such as Heritage Readings and African American Read-Ins. Offers suggestions of favorite selections by Hispanic, African American, Native American, and Asian American authors.
• Whose World Is It, Anyway? Multicultural Science from Diverse Perspectives
  Reviews three books that argue that science education should reflect global scientific contributions, use multicultural and feminist perspectives, and be grounded in everyday life experiences with science. Suggests questions of policy and practice in moving from theory to implementation of a more equitable, socially responsible science education.
• Sexism Exposed: Films about Gender Identity, Discrimination, and Change
  Reviews documentary and ethnographic films that examine gender-related issues, summarizing each film and analyzing its relevance to multicultural and social justice education. The films are: "The Fairer Sex?"; "Macho, 2000"; "The Pill"; "Step by Step: Building a Feminist Movement"; "I am a Man"; "The Body Beautiful"; and "Nobody Knows My Name." (SM).
• Teacher Attitudes to, and Beliefs about, Multicultural Education: Have There Been Changes over the Last Twenty Years?
  This study compared Australian teachers' attitudes toward multicultural education in 2000 with their attitudes in 1979, focusing on: fostering community language maintenance, fostering cultural identity and prestige maintenance, and fostering the benefits of multiculturalism within the community.
• American College Personnel Association Strategic Initiative on Multiculturalism: A Report and Proposal
  Details the work of a task force charged with developing initiatives to integrate multicultural concerns into both higher education and a professional association. Outlines historical roots of the effort, lists goals, and proposes initiatives to enhance multiculturalism.
• Reviews
  Contains 130 reviews of works of interest to the multi-cultural educator or anyone interested in cultural awareness arranged under broad subject categories of humanities, biography, history, social sciences, reference, juvenile works, and nonprint materials. Includes fiction and nonfiction.
• A Validity Study of Scores on the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure Based on a Sample of Academically Talented Adolescents
  Examined the validity of scores on the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (J. Phinney, 1992) on a group of 275 academically talented adolescents at an enrichment program.
• The Use and Role of Multiethnic Children's Literature in Family Literacy Programs: Realities and Possibilities
  Reviews the recent professional literature on family literacy programs, with a focus on the use and role of children's literature, specifically multiethnic texts, within those programs. Describes children's literature in family literacy and discusses the role of multiethnic literature in family literature.
• Religious Music and Multicultural Education
  Discusses religious music as an extraordinarily rich resource supplementing multicultural education. Considers the divisive and problematic nature of some religious music, exemplified by a trio of Jewish students refusal to sing "St.
• Images of the Third World: Teaching a Geography of the Third World
  Profiles an undergraduate college class that critically examines newspaper, map, and poster representations of the developing nations. Beginning exercises reveal how a person's gender, race, and background influence his or her construction and interpretation of cultural images.
• Enrich Your Kindergarten Program with a Cross-Cultural Connection
  Describes a pen pal connection between a New Jersey kindergarten class and an Alaskan Eskimo first-grade class. Details how they used monthly e-mail and regular mail, and exchanged class projects to heighten respect and understanding about others' cultures.
• On...Transformed, Inclusive Schools: A Framework To Guide Fundamental Change in Urban Schools
  This report presents a systemic change framework for creating inclusive urban schools. It explains that if a key feature of reform focuses on multicultural education as a fundamental social and educational transformation, then opportunities for all students to achieve educational equity will be realized in U.S.
• Language Policy and Ideological Paradox: A Comparative Look at Bilingual Intercultural Education Policy and Practice in Three Andean Countries
  Recent developments in language policy and educational reform in Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia have opened new possibilities for indigenous languages and their speakers through bilingual intercultural education. Use of the term "intercultural" is examined in official policy documents and in short narratives about intercultural practice by indigenous and non-indigenous educators.
• Improving Minority Student Success: Crossing Boundaries and Making Connections between Theory, Research, and Academic Planning
  In an effort to cross boundaries and make connections between theory, research, and academic planning, Prince George's Community College in Maryland (PGCC) and the University of Maryland University College's Institute for Research on Adults in Higher Education (IRAHE) developed a partnership using national and institutional research to link theory and academic planning.
• A Guide to Curriculum Planning in Social Studies
  Social studies is concerned with developing reflective, democratic citizenship within a global context, and includes the disciplines typically classified as belonging to the social and behavioral sciences as well as history, geography, and content selected from law, philosophy, and the humanities. It also includes those topics that focus on social problems, issues, and controversies.
• Minorities and Adult Learning: Communication among Majorities and Minorities. Adult Learning and the Challenges of the 21st Century. A Series of 29 Booklets Documenting Workshops Held at the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education (Hamburg, Germany, July 14-18, 1997).
  This booklet, which was produced as a follow-up to the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education, examines communication among minorities and nonminorities in adult education programs. The booklet begins with a sketch of the situation of minority group members around the world and a list of 10 ways education policy and legislation can advance minority rights.
• Reflections on the Promise of Brown and Multicultural Education
  Examines the dual meaning of promise (hope and vow) in relation to "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas," discussing how the two conceptions are implemented in a desegregated school and explaining how multicultural education can help meet the dual expectations of "Brown" as promise/vow and promise/hope.
• Calendars and Thinking Logically
  Presents a mini-lesson and describes the "Calendars and Thinking Logically" curriculum designed to combat the belief that mystical powers are associated with numbers on the calendar and to introduce the complex interplay of physical phenomena, religion, and science in an interdisciplinary way. The curriculum is designed for adolescents and young adults.
• The Hunt for Democracy: The Lion's Perspective
  An art historian discusses the importance of developing a more inclusive globalized curriculum that includes perspectives of multiple cultures and develops a respect for the intricacies of human knowledge. Examples are from the author's art history classes at the University of the District of Columbia.
• Multiculturalism and the Liberal Arts College: Faculty Perceptions of Pedagogy
  This is a qualitative study of faculty perceptions of the relationship between pedagogy, liberal education, and multiculturalism. The incompatibility of liberal education and multiculturalism ground this study along with the assertion that teaching and learning are central to the liberal education mission.
• Brothers of the Academy: Up and Coming Black Scholars Earning Our Way in Higher Education
  This book offers 26 papers by black male scholars that examine the experience of being a black man in the academy and demonstrate what black men have contributed to the scholarly enterprise.
• Video-conferencing for Collaborative Educational Inquiry
  Profiles a series of video conferences that examined the effects of European settlement on the art of Aboriginal peoples in Australia and the cultural conflicts facing contemporary Aboriginal artists. The video conferences brought together Aboriginal artists and Canadian educators.
• Influences of Ethnicity, Interracial Climate, and Racial Majority in School on Adolescent Ethnic Identity
  Study examines the ethnic identity development of 252 adolescents. Analyses reveal that being a member of an ethnic minority group and interracial climate accounted for the greatest variance in ethnic identity development.
• Five Reviews of McLaren's "Revolutionary Multiculturalism"
  Presents five reviews of McLaren's 1997 book, with comments on critical pedagogy, multicultural education, capitalism, social justice, and remarks about student responses to "Revolutionary Multiculturalism." (SLD).
• Tora no Maki II. Lessons for Teaching about Contemporary Japan. Corp Author(s): National Council for the Social Studies, Washington, DC. ; ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education, Bloomington, IN
  "Tora no Maki" or "Scroll of the Tiger" is a teacher's guide designed to aid in teaching appropriate standards for social studies content and skills, using a contemporary focus on Japan's culture and economy.
• Multicultural Picture Books: Art for Understanding Others, Volume II. Professional Growth Series
  This book presents annotations of approximately 600 multicultural picture books published between 1993 and 1997. Annotations (and accompanying grade levels) in the book are arranged alphabetically within geographic sections.
• Unpacking Adventure
  Anecdotes are used to illustrate how White, male, European values are embedded in adventure education. Traditional European assumptions about risk, challenge, and individual accomplishment may not be relevant to other cultures, women, or disadvantaged people.
• The Future Is Now: Latino Education in Georgia
  Georgia's Latino student population has risen from less than 2,000 in 1976 to more than 28,000 in 1996. In 1995-96, Latinos were less likely than their peers to finish school, more likely to struggle in the classroom, and less likely to have instructors from their ethnic background.
• Between the Lines: School Stories
  Reviews five stories that can introduce students to youthful narrators whose dreams and thoughts may be quite similar to their own, but whose cultural backgrounds may be very different. Using stories about school experience generates discussion about prejudice and discrimination.
• Singing the Long Song: Arab Culture in Books for Young Readers
  Shares the author's perspective as an Arab-American who often encounters negative portrayals of her ethnic and cultural identity in the media. Argues that writing for children and telling stories is one important way to begin to counter injustice and inequity.
• Multiculturalism in Higher Education: Transcending the Familiar Zone
  A discussion of the debate over multicultural education in colleges and universities looks at the evolution of the movement and examines some myths about it that threaten its effectiveness. An effective approach to multiculturalism is seen to have implications for institutional philosophy, structure, operations, and academic programs.
• Including Jews in Multiculturalism
  Discusses reasons for the lack of attention to Jews as an ethnic minority within multiculturalism both by Jews and non-Jews; why Jews and Jewish issues need to be included; and addresses some of the issues involved in the ethical treatment of Jewish clients. (Author).
• Meeting the Needs of Multiracial and Multiethnic Children in Early Childhood Settings
  Addresses the needs of preschool children whose biological parents come from two or more traditional racial/ethnic groups. Advocates the extension of multiracial curriculum in early childhood programs to support and embrace these multiracial and multiethnic children.
• Developmentally Appropriate Practice. ERIC/EECE Report
  Annotates selected ERIC documents and journal articles discussing issues related to developmentally appropriate practice (DAP). Topics include DAP in early childhood and elementary settings and regular and special education, the current debate regarding DAP and multicultural education, student evaluation, teachers' and parents' beliefs regarding DAP, and the relationship to whole-language orientation.
• Phytochemistry and Culture
  Describes a trend in science teaching marked by shifts in philosophies and practices and by a search for science content that draws from the experiences of a culturally diverse student population. (DDR).
• Training Counselors To Relate in a Global Community Using the Structured Interview Process
  This paper discusses a program designed to assist counseling students to improve cross cultural communication skills that will enable them to use interviewing techniques with individuals from diverse cultures. Research suggests that such a program is needed since many students have not had significant experiences in interacting and communicating with people from different backgrounds.
• Struggling To Be Heard: The Unmet Needs of Asian Pacific American Children
  Essays in this volume address the neglect of Asian Pacific Americans in the United States, of their struggles for liberation, hopes, troubles, and personal identities. This collection reviews Asian Pacific American history and explores attitudes about the welfare of Asian Pacific American families.
• Beyond "Multicultural Moments" (Middle Ground)
  Discusses how to teach students the values of "understanding, tolerance, caring, and respect," and to help them understand and appreciate cultures other than their own. Focuses on five levels: building a classroom library of multicultural literature; using "lit sets" (multiple copies of the same book) to promote multicultural understanding; the whole-class novel; interdisciplinary study; and beyond literature.
• Why I Am a Multiculturalist: The Power of Stories Told and Untold
  Explores the many reasons to read and teach multicultural literature, including to know oneself and others, and because people still lead largely segregated lives. Considers the impact of including and excluding lives and cultures.
• Topics in Hawaii's History: Resources and Lesson Plans for Secondary School Teachers
  Twenty-nine teachers participated in a 4-week National Endowment for the Humanities institute which covered topics from pre-contact Hawaiian population estimates to formation of plantation workforces to contemporary sovereignty issues.
• Hands-On Environmental Education Activities for K-6 Teachers
  This environmental education workbook is aimed at helping kindergarten through 6th-grade teachers and contains hands-on activities directly targeted toward a particular age group, with equal distribution to each grade. Subject area descriptions and several multicultural activities are also included.
• CALL Environments: Research, Practice, and Critical Issues
  This is a collection of essays on computer-assisted language learning (CALL).
• Lernen durch Kulturkontakt. Eine Prozebanalyse der Akkulturation deutscher Studienreferendare in multikulturellen Klassen (Learning through Cultural Contact. A Process Analysis of the Acculturation of German Beginning Teachers in Multicultural Classes
  Offers a qualitative, longitudinal study that focuses on individual changes in novice teachers triggered by continuous contact with students of another cultural background in multicultural schools. Reveals clear differences in the acculturation processes.
• Culturally Responsive Educational Web Sites
  Discusses the shortcomings of multicultural education; presents Vygotsky's sociocognitive theory as a model for multicultural education for the World Wide Web; and discusses the process of Web design as an appropriate technological tool to apply Vygotsky's theory to create culturally responsive educational environments. (Contains 9 references.) (Author/LRW).
• Learning Interdependence: A Case Study of the International/Intercultural Education of First-Year College Students
  This volume asserts that international and intercultural experiences are powerful vehicles for first-year college students to learn the perspectives and skills necessary to function interdependently in a rapidly changing and complex world. This thesis is developed through an in-depth case study of efforts to provide such learning opportunities in a project called the First-Year Intercultural Experience at Hartwick College, a 4-year liberal arts and sciences institution in Oneonta, New York.
• Visiting South Africa through Children's Literature: Is it Worth the Trip? South African Educators Provide the Answer
  Shares South African educators' perspectives on 17 selected picture books about South Africa. Finds that they highly recommend these books.
• Meanings of Culture in Multicultural Education: A Response to Anthropological Critiques
  Explores the meanings of culture found in multicultural education in the United States. Examines anthropological criticisms about these cultural connotations, suggests responses to these critiques based on scholarship, and considers implications for the future of multicultural education.
• At Home with Multicultural Adolescent Literature
  Presents 24 brief annotations of recent fiction for adolescents that focus on the roles that homes play in the diverse cultures in the United States. Lists eight suggested activities for exploring the role of home in young adult and other literature.
• Multiculturalism and the Community College
  Provides an annotated bibliography of nine recent ERIC documents related to multiculturalism in the community college. Presents documents related to multicultural instructional and program strategies in place at colleges and the role of multicultural education.
• Universalism, Multiculturalism, and Science Education
  Describes the division of universalists and multiculturalists over the question of the nature of science. Universalists maintain that science has a universal essence and western modern science is the paradigm example of such science.
• Multicultural Science Education
  Describes multicultural education and lists its basic premises. Explains the importance of science teachers' attitudes in learning.
• Business Education Index, 2000: Index of Business Education Articles and Research Studies Compiled from a Selected List of Periodicals Published during the Year 2000. Volume 61
  This document (which is to be the last in its series) indexes business education articles and research studies compiled from a selected list of 38 periodicals published in 2000. Priority is given to journals essential to research and teaching across the broad business education spectrum.
• The European School Model Part II
  Argues that in the European School (ES) program, younger students should learn in their own language, as opposed to in English, which is widely practiced at international schools. Suggests specific language learning according to ES' four stages: (1) nursery school; (2) primary school; (3) middle school; and (4) upper school.
• Meeting Today's Challenges: Two New Majors for the Language Student
  The Department of Modern Languages and Cultures at Pace University (New York) has responded to uneven language enrollments by developing two new majors: (1) modern languages and cultures, in which students must demonstrate proficiency in any two modern languages offered, and (2) language, culture, and world trade, an interdisciplinary applied humanities program. Both address the need for multicultural education.
• Promoting Multicultural Education through Creative Writing: Crossing Cultures and Genders
  A multicultural literature course at Loyola Marymount University (California) was designed to complicate ideas of culture with gender issues and explored a common but largely unexplored phenomenon--writers who write outside their own personal backgrounds and identities.
• The Political Correctness Controversy Revisited
  Maintains that the inclusion of diverse views to enhance understanding is one of the central tenets of education. Briefly summarizes the arguments for and against multicultural education and calls for a more tolerant and open dialog between conservative and liberal factions.
• Identity and Learning: Student Affairs' Role in Transforming Higher Education
  Self-definition plays a crucial role in complex learning. This article offers a framework for making identity central in learning to promote learning and self-authorship.
• "Why Tell On Yourself?": A Text-Based Moral Dilemma Revisited
  Describes how the author incorporated a shared book reading using the multicultural book "Too Many Tamales" (by G. Soto and E.
• Rings: Five Passions in World Art. Multicultural Curriculum Handbook.
  This curriculum handbook uses a discipline based art education (DBAE) approach, and includes lessons appropriate for use with students in grades 3-12. Five units address themes of universally experienced emotions: love, anguish, awe, triumph, and joy.
• Promoting Tolerance through Multicultural Education
  This paper describes a program designed to increase student awareness and appreciation of their culture and the cultures of others. The study was conducted in a northern Illinois junior high among 30 eighth grade language arts students.
• White Natives. "Braveheart" and "Rob Roy" as Colonial Victims
  Two contemporary films, "Braveheart" and "Rob Roy," depict Scottish ethnicity from a rather narrow perspective. The positions that are sentimentally admired when attributed to white natives of Scotland are horrifying when expressed by contemporary peoples of color.
• Saving Black Mountain: The Promise of Critical Literacy in a Multicultural Democracy
  Explores the concept of "democracy" and what it means in a multicultural society. Outlines several assumptions of critical literacy and suggests that it is important in realizing a strong democracy.
• School Choice and the Development of Autonomy: A Reply to Brighouse
  Argues that for children to develop autonomy they must be socialized into the values of the adult community but then exposed to those of other communities. Proposes that school choice plays a role in the first, but that other actions must be taken to ensure the second.
• Class Web Sites Can Offer Enhanced Access to Information for Language Minority Parents and Students: Promising Practices
  Offers suggestions on how to add the power of a free online translator, links, and multicultural search engines to a teacher's classroom home page. Describes the Alta Vista Babelfish online translation service that can be used to translate Web pages on a variety of topics written in German, Spanish, Italian, French, or Portuguese.
• A Student's Guide to Italian American Genealogy. Oryx American Family Tree Series
  This book is designed to help the novice in understanding how to conduct genealogical research for Italian ancestors. A brief introduction to each chapter offers ideas on topics for research and resources to consult.
• Working with School Systems: Educational Outreach and Action Guide
  This guide explains how individuals and American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC) chapters can work with school systems to reduce discrimination against students of Arab background and to educate teachers and other students about the cultures of the Middle East. Arab Americans can make a difference in the school systems by personal involvement in the schools and by providing teachers with the many excellent teaching materials that have been developed in recent years.
• Getting from the Outside In: Teaching Mexican Americans When You Are an "Anglo."
  A midwestern university provides cross-cultural student teaching experiences in a southwestern city with a large Mexican-American population. Features include two classroom placements, a course in multicultural education, and bicultural mentors.
• The High-Quality Learning Conditions Needed To Support Students of Color and Immigrants at California Community Colleges. Policy Report.
  California Tomorrow, a non-profit research organization that supports the development of a fair and inclusive multicultural society, conducted this study.
• The Freedom Writers Diary: How a Teacher and 150 Teens Used Writing To Change Themselves and the World around Them
  A young teacher attempted to engage a class of high-risk urban students by introducing them to books about intolerance and ethnic misunderstanding and developing their own awareness of discrimination and social bias through diaries that documented their own thoughts and feelings.
• Using Creative Drama in the Multicultural Classroom
  The use of creative drama in a multicultural classroom can allow a teacher to establish a student-focused base for experiential learning and can allow students from various cultures to use drama as a way of expressing their individual cultural differences. Using literature about various ethnic groups in creative drama can contribute to the multicultural classroom.
• A Multicultural Matrix for Mathematics Education
  Offers a matrix to assist mathematics-curriculum planners and teachers around the world in developing multicultural learning materials. Contains 22 references.
• To Russia with Music
  Describes the experience of participating in the first United States/Russia Joint Conference on Education, part of the Citizen Ambassador Program. Recounts visits to two Russian music schools where the author was able to observe classes.
• Measuring Outcomes and Setting Standards: A Brief Overview
  This paper presents an overview of a plenary panel entitled "Measuring Outcomes and Setting Standards in Languages Education." "Outcomes" implies what learners take away from their course, while the term "standards" seems commonly to have at least two senses: first it may imply some yardstick or framework against which learner performance, the content of tests and examinations, or the goals of the courses may be measured; second, it implies a "framework of reference.".
• Giving All Children a Chance: Advantages of an Antiracist Approach to Education for Deaf Children
  Discusses how multicultural approaches to educating children with deafness are often limited to the description of ethnic differences. The need for schools for students with deafness to use an antiracist approach to education that addresses the social and political ramifications of ethnic differences is stressed.
• A Solitary Struggle
  Reports on a discussion among seven teacher activists about the challenges they face in standing up for social justice in their schools. Promoting equity in education can be a lonely task for teachers who must struggle to find a balance between being activists and being accepted.
• Who Needs Multicultural Education? White Students, U.S. History, and the Construction of a Usable Past
  A multicultural U.S. history curriculum offered in a mostly White middle school that focuses on the experiences of African-American slaves during the Civil War is described.
• Educational Research Workshop on "Minority Education" (Bautzen (Saxony), October 11-14, 1994). Corp Author(s): Council of Europe, Strasbourg (France). Directorate of Education, Culture and Sport, Documentation Section
  This report provides the agenda and research from the workshop on Minority Education in Saxony in October 1994.
• Bridging Multicultural Theory and Practice
  Gaps between multicultural theory and practice present some serious challenges and opportunities for future directions in the field. Instead of arguing about the best way to do multicultural education, it is more useful and empowering to legitimize multiple-levels appropriateness in working toward systemic reform.
• Collaboration in the Science Classroom To Tackle Racism and Sexism
  Describes techniques used in a British secondary school classroom to encourage collaborative learning to promote science while addressing sexism and racism in the classroom. Group work practices were extended to include students monitoring of themselves and their interactions, with feedback and discussion of the social processes.
• The New Spongiform University
  The great works of Western civilization, long held up to college students as models of human achievement, are rapidly being replaced by trivia and by multicultural and poststructural studies. With the growth of postmodern studies has come a decline in broad-based core requirements.
• Losing Our Language: How Multiculturalism Undermines Our Children's Ability To Read, Write & Reason
  This book argues that it is the incorporation of a multicultural agenda into basal readers, the primary tool for teaching reading in elementary schools, that has stunted American children's ability to read.
• Exploring the Self-Perceived Multicultural Counseling Competence of Elementary School Counselors
  Counselors (N=76) from an elementary school completed the Multicultural Counseling Competence and Training Survey to assess their perceptions of multicultural competence. The results suggest they perceived themselves to be largely multiculturally competent, except in areas of racial identity development.
• Eurocentrism, Ethnic Studies, and the New World Order: Toward a Critical Paradigm
  Summarizes the general history and progress of what has been accomplished in the areas of ethnic studies and multicultural education. The article argues that ethnic studies programs are actively concerned with developing a paradigm that is anti-Eurocentric and antiracist in content and application.
• The Training and Supervisory Needs of Racial and Ethnic Minority Students
  Despite increasing attention given to multicultural training issues in counseling programs, there is a dearth of information on unique training needs of racial and ethnic minority trainees. Reviews literature relevant to training needs, offers examples of training and supervisory issues, and makes recommendations for future research and training.
• Hmong Paj Ntaub: Using Textile Arts to Teach Young Children about Cultures
  Argues that textile arts offer opportunities for students to explore other cultures and to illustrate themes contained in the National Council for the Social Studies Standards. Describes the use of Hmong "paj ntaub" textiles to teach elementary students about the Hmong people of Laos and Hmong immigrants in the United States.
• Transforming Elementary Social Studies: The Emergence of a Curriculum Focused on Diverse, Caring Communities
  Examines six elementary social studies textbook series for the absence or presence of multicultural perspectives. Identifies Houghton Mifflin and Macmillan as opposite ends of the spectrum.
• The Transformation of the Teachers' Role at the End of the Twentieth Century: New Challenges for the Future
  Rapid global changes have transformed education for the elite into mass education, resulting in the following: new teacher responsibilities, less educational activity by families, mass media access to learning, multicultural education models, change in the social worth of education and status of teachers, fewer resources for education, decline of authority and discipline, and teacher overload. (SK).
• Returning to Class: Creating Opportunities for Multicultural Reform at Majority Second-Tier Schools
  Looks at two representative examples of the impact of multiculturalism on higher education in order to get a concrete sense of how different perspectives can affect understanding of the multicultural transformation of the college curriculum in general and English studies in particular. (SG).
• Mathematics in Tribal Philippines and Other Societies in the South Pacific
  Investigates mathematics in the societies of Southeast Asia and the South Pacific with special focus on the Philippines. Presents mathematical practices such as counting and measurement, time, geometry, and logic, in ancient and present day times.
• African Literature in the Secondary English Language Arts Classroom
  Explains how a teacher's trip to Africa reinforced his commitment to a multicultural literature program. Recommends several books that might be incorporated into thematically-driven multicultural units such as "traditional tales," "rites of passage/search for identity," "cultures colliding," and "colonialism and its aftermath." (TB).
• Giving Thanks: Observing Thanksgiving, Kwanzaa, and Day of the Dead
  Describes a primary-grade curriculum unit organized around the theme of "giving thanks" and encompassing the holidays of Thanksgiving, Kwanzaa, and Day of the Dead. Provides historical background and cultural context for each holiday, engagement activities, investigation activities, sharing activities, and a short list of related children's literature.
• Breaking the Silence: The Stories of Gay and Lesbian People in Children's Literature
  Discusses how for gay or lesbian youth, the issues of identity and acceptance that are ignored both in life and in literature are not only profound but also dangerous. Notes that books that include gay or lesbian characters usually elicit a strong negative reaction to their content by vocal conservative groups.
• Society and Education. Ninth Edition
  This book provides new and updated material focusing on recent developments and long-range trends involving the relationships between education and other social institutions. Topics that receive expanded treatment include immigration, multicultural education, evolution of the inner city, and movement toward systematic reform and national standards.
• Predictors of Success in Urban Teaching: Analyzing Two Paradoxical Cases
  Uses case-study methods to compare the urban field-teaching experience of two undergraduate teacher-education students. Identifies factors that contributed to one student teacher's success and the other's failure.
• More Than a Pretty Cloth: Teaching Hmong History and Culture Through Textile Art
  Argues that textile arts, often created by women, provide a valuable, but frequently overlooked, resource for learning about a culture. Describes an effort to learn about Hmong culture and history through a study of textile arts and to teach preservice teachers in a social studies methods course about this culture.
• On the Teaching and Personal Construction of Educational Equity
  Introduces general ideas about educational equity and reviews levels used to analyze and conceptualize educational equity. Reviews the equity theorizing of several authors to highlight their insights and to help educators understand the social and personal construction of knowledge.
• Living and Learning: Experiences North and South
  An Afro-American multicultural education professor explains how struggle has accompanied her academic pursuits and lifelong experiences. She traces her sharecropper family's history, demonstrating the intergenerational effects of undemocratic class, race, and gender relations and showing how her learning experiences have shaped her beliefs as a multicultural educator dedicated to mutual teacher/student respect.
• The Culturally Competent Art Educator
  Focuses on the importance of preparing teachers to be culturally competent art educators, addresses the qualities of a culturally competent teacher, delineates Mazrui's seven functions of culture, and explores how to comprehend multicultural practice. Discusses how teachers can acquire cultural knowledge through literature, films and videos, and museums and galleries.
• Culturally Responsive Teaching: Theory, Research, and Practice. Multicultural Education Series
  This volume makes the case for using culturally responsive teaching to improve the school performance of underachieving students of color. Key components of culturally responsive teaching are discussed.
• The Multiracial Experience: Racial Borders as the New Frontier
  The essays in this collection conduct a dialogue about race from a multiracial perspective. The biracial baby boom that began in the 1960s practically guarantees that anyone living in a large American city knows someone who is racially mixed.
• Whites Trashing Whites: Multiculturalism's Liberal Guilt Trip
  Presents the opinions of a white, male literature professor who attended a conference of college writing teachers and was distressed because the overwhelmingly white audience listened quietly as speakers used the platform to identify whites as oppressors of minorities and linguistic imperialists. The paper questions the view that Standard English usage oppresses minorities.
• Learner Centered Schools as a Mindset, and the Connection with Mindfulness and Multiculturalism
  After acknowledging that learning and knowing are coconstructed social processes created and shared by teachers and students as learners, the paper examines mindfulness and multiculturalism as learner-centered processes. Mindfulness, multiculturalism, and learner centeredness are interdependent mindsets that encourage interplay between teacher, student, and content and that mediate the classroom environment.
• 25 Years of Multiculturalism--Past, Present and Future, Part II. Focus on Human Rights
  Evaluates the effect of multicultural education on racism in Canada. Maintains that racism is still an integral part of Canadian life and, in some instances, appears to be on the rise.
• Telling Stories: On Ethnicity, Exclusion, and Education in Upstate New York
  Public debate between Euro-American seniors and minority speakers on the educational needs of the Hispanic-American community in upstate New York is examined. Differing views of group identity emerge, and reasons for the social and educational status of the ethnic minority are presented.
• Compendium: Writings on Effective Practices for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Exceptional Learners
  Derived from two national multicultural symposia, this compendium focuses on an array of topics that combine research and educational practices for youth from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds with disabilities and/or gifts.
• Links between Family Life and Minority Student Achievement: Removing the Blinders
  Contends that a range of theories exists in the social science literature about the effects of family processes on the social and academic success of a family's offspring. Identifies major theoretical perspectives that have dominated the literature on families and minority student achievement.
• Mediating Boundaries of Race, Class, and Professorial Authority as a Critical Multiculturalist
  Presents one college professor's reflections on the challenges of mediating the boundaries of race, class, and professorial authority in an undergraduate multicultural education course. After discussing current debates about multicultural education, the paper examines assumptions underlying a multicultural discourse, poses questions about pedagogy, and discusses the usefulness of theories of critical pedagogy in addressing the questions.
• ABE and a Pedagogy of "Difference."
  Interviews with six Australian adult basic education students confirmed the social nature of literacy, the social networks involved in literacy practices, and the multilingualism of students. Results suggest the need for a curriculum that recognizes and makes explicit linguistic and cultural differences.
• Citizenship Education and the Teaching of Literature: Lessons and Suggestions from the American Experience
  This essay shows how the construction of literature curricula and the study of literature can contribute to civic education. The paper describes the anti-civic forces now at work in literature programs in U.S.
• Educational Reform, Students of Color, and Potential Outcomes
  Based on middle-class, white values and assumptions, school restructuring proposed in "first wave reform" will increase inequity and stratification and hamper social mobility for minorities. School choice, outcomes-based education, and secondary track systems are critiqued.
• W(R)i(t/d)ing on the Border: Reading our Borderscape
  Provides a counter story focusing on the U.S./Mexico border that is a borderscape requiring active and tacit engagements and uses the genre of Critical Race Theory in which the experiential and intrinsic complexity of story knowledge depends on the Other's lived experiences. Attempts to unmask the hegemony of social injustices.
• Our Souls To Keep: From Surface to Deep in Literary Representations Regarding Race
  Presents literary reviews that reveal deeper issues to consider when exploring beyond the surface and reflecting on the racial schisms pervading the United States. The literature examines: a conference on the relationship of education and African American self-concept; the role of black mothers in raising their sons; slave novels; a critical review of speaking; and the Ebonics debate in education.
• A Critical Review of Ann Rinaldi's "My Heart Is on the Ground": The Diary of Nannie Little Rose, a Sioux Girl
  This collaborative review finds much to criticize in this fictional portrayal of the experiences of a young girl at the Carlisle Indian School, including a lack of clarity about the fictional nature of the story. Stereotyping and historical inaccuracies make this book add to the great body of misinformation about Native-American life in the United States and Canada.
• From Cradleboard to Motherboard: Buffy Sainte-Marie's Interactive Multimedia Curriculum Transforms Native American Studies
  Describes "Science: Through Native American Eyes," an interactive multimedia CD-ROM for middle school that is part of the Cradleboard Teaching Project developed by musician and teacher Buffy Sainte-Marie. The Cradleboard joins Native American tradition and high-tech innovation to explore the core curriculum of the National Content Standards.
• Project Zenith: Multicultural/Multimedia/Emphasis in Speech-Language Pathology, 1997-2001. Grant Performance Report--Final Report.
  This report discusses the activities and outcomes of Project Zenith, which was designed to recruit two cohorts of bilingual graduate students to complete a graduate program with specialized skills in the diagnosis and treatment of communicative disorders in multicultural populations in the public schools.
• Cultural Factors and the Achievement of Black and Hispanic Deaf Students
  Examines cultural factors affecting black and Hispanic deaf students' achievement, discussing socioeconomic status and single parent families, parent educational levels, non-English speaking environments, inadvertent effects on the deaf child, family view of disability, and parent-school interactions. Notes strategies for developing parents as authentic partners in education and discusses how educators can bridge the educational gap.
• Hispanic Education in the United States: Raices y Alas. Critical Issues of Contemporary American Education
  This book portrays what works in creating better educational opportunities and effective school reform for Hispanic Americans, offering a reflection on the bicultural experience of minority groups in U.S. schools and showing how and why educational reforms must seek to build upon rather than downplay the native culture and language of minority students.
• Ethnicity, Aging, and Health: An Interdisciplinary Experience
  An interdisciplinary team developed an undergraduate course to teach geriatrics students about ethnicity, health, and aging. Two important aspects of such a course were identified: the dynamics of team learning and multicultural education.
• Cultural Diversity in Catholic Schools: Challenges and Opportunities for Catholic Educators
  This book examines sociocultural factors that affect teaching and learning in today's Catholic elementary and secondary schools. The first chapter, "Cultural Diversity: An Important but Problematic Issue," discusses how demographic and societal changes have created a greater need for cultural diversity in education, and stresses the ambiguities inherent in addressing this diversity.
• Projecting the Voices of Others: Issues of Representation in Teaching Race and Ethnicity
  Discusses the practice of first-person accounts in curriculum examinations of race and ethnicity. Refutes the essentialist notion that only members of a particular group can address issues concerning that group.
• The Blackboard Jungle: Critically Interrogating Hollywood's Vision of the Urban Classroom
  Investigated graduate preservice teachers' perceptions of urban students and schools, exploring how they arrived at these perceptions through personal experiences/contacts and other means. Students completed surveys about their image of urban schools and students and examined commercial Hollywood films, discussing their role in shaping perceptions.
• Are the Teachers' Manuals in Basal Readers Helpful for Discussing Race in Multicultural Stories?
  A study examined the usefulness of the instructional recommendations in basal reader program teachers' manuals for discussing race in multicultural stories. Three recently published basal reader series widely used in the Capital District of New York State were used in this analysis: Harcourt Brace (1995), Houghton Mifflin (1993), and MacMillan (1993).
• Basic Concepts of Intercultural Communication: Selected Readings
  This collection of articles, with a developmental learning focus, explores the core building blocks of intercultural communication. The articles in the collection represent the theory-into-practice school of intercultural communication.
• From La Belle Sauvage to the Noble Savage: The Deculturalization of Indian Mascots in American Culture
  Discusses the exploitation of Indian (Native-American) mascots as an issue of educational equity, outlining for the United States educator the ways in which the use of mascots is racist and ways in which education can be a tool for liberation. The use of Indian mascots teaches that racism is acceptable.
• Issues in Curriculum and Instruction: Effects of Multiculturalism on the Community College Curriculum
  Multicultural education relates to the infusion of all cultures into the current standard curriculum. Culture consists of ways of thinking, values, reactions to problems and situations, and many other things.
• Searching for Patterns: A Conversation with Carlos Cortes
  Reports results of a telephone interview with history professor and social analyst Carlos Cortes, whose current main area of interest is the multicultural education that occurs outside the classroom, with special interest in the role of the media. Explores the concept of the societal curriculum.
• Multicultural Literature: Mirror and Window on Experience
  Believes that multicultural literature should focus on the diverse groups within society while also stressing the common similarities between human experiences in order to encourage students to connect with the characters, situations, and contexts presented in the books. Offers five areas of exploration and accompanying literature that identify common experiences.
• Crossing Boundaries: Multi-National Action Research on Family-School Collaboration. Report No. 33
  This report details studies by eight researchers from five countries--Australia, Chile, the Czech Republic, Portugal, and Spain--that examine boundary-crossing issues between teachers and parents, between policies and school reality, between cultures, and between research and practice.
• The Myth Ritual Theory and the Teaching of Multicultural Literature
  Grapples with the difficult task of helping students differentiate between "myth" as a false belief or lie and "myth" as a cultural phenomenon embedded in sophisticated systems of meaning and action. Outlines four goals for the world mythology unit that help explore this greater sophistication with ninth graders.
• Changing the World: A Directory of Global Youth Work Resources
  This directory lists resources that can help young people explore, understand, and question the world around them. Most of the materials use active learning methods, which promote skills in discussion, cooperation, and small group work.
• Antiracist Education and Curriculum Transformation for Equity and Justice in the New Millennium: United States and South African Challenges
  Highlights the racist history and continued struggles of two nations to end racism through the assistance and advocacy of antiracist multicultural education. Internationalization has been the key to promoting curriculum transformation through exploring antiracist views and scholarship.
• Cultural Competency Training at a Distance: Challenges and Strategies
  Televised instruction and a movement to integrate cultural-competency training into counselor education represent the convergence of two major forces in counselor training today. The challenges associated with providing cultural-competency training via interactive television are outlined.
• Changing Hearts, Changing Minds: Encouraging Student Teachers to Use Multicultural Literature
  Investigates the problem of why preservice teachers are disinclined to teach noncanonical multicultural literature. Gives particular consideration to the need to help teachers develop strong rationales for teaching ethnically diverse literature that will sustain them through the resistances they will inevitably encounter to a multicultural agenda.
• Focus on Pre-K and K (Ages 4-6): A Quarterly Newsletter for the Education Community, 1997-1998
  These four quarterly newsletter issues address various topics of interest to teachers of young children. Each issue focuses on a theme and includes an article on that theme, along with regular columns.
• Kids to Kids International: By Creating Picture Books Your Students Can Communicate with Children from Different Cultures
  This article describes the implementation of the Kids to Kids International (KTKI) program, a student-created picture book program that gives children an opportunity to learn about and understand each other. At the Rochambeau Middle School in Connecticut, KTKI has become part of the integrated language arts program, a Writers Club, an enrichment class, and Spanish classes.
• The Transition of Gambian Children to New York City Public Schools
  Noting the need to develop strategies to ease the transition of children from families recently arriving in the United States from Gambia into the public school system in New York City, this paper compares the school life in Gambia with that of Bronx, New York.
• The Inclusion of Multicultural Material in Middle School Science Teachers' Resource Manuals
  Examines and categorizes multicultural teaching information found in middle school science teacher resource manuals to determine how multicultural information relates to guidelines for teaching in multicultural classrooms. A content analysis of 21 teacher editions provided the data.
• Developing Reading-Writing Connections: Strategies from "The Reading Teacher."
  Using literature in the classroom yields rewards. Literature for children is being recognized as increasingly important in children's literacy development.
• After the Tsunami, Some Dilemmas: Japanese Language Studies in Multicultural Australia. Language Australia Research Policy and Practice Papers
  This paper describes responses to linguistic pluralism in Australian policy in relation to Australia's Asian language context, and the teaching and learning of Japanese within these two frameworks. Finally, the paper considers some ideas relating intercultural language learning to all second language study termed: the Third Place.
• Critical Issue Bibliography (CRIB) Sheet: Lessons from the Field.
  The Critical Issue Bibliography (CRIB) Sheet describes resources that highlight institutional practices that have been instrumental in the creation of multicultural campus environments. These lessons from the field of multicultural education can help other institutions in developing and implementing policy.
• Cultural Malpractice: The Growing Obsolescence of Psychology with the Changing U.S. Population
  Without substantial revisions to curricula, training, research, and practice, psychology risks professional, ethical, and economic problems because it will no longer be a feasible resource for the majority of the U.S. population.
• The Internet Resource Directory for K-12 Teachers and Librarians. 97/98 Edition
  This directory is the fourth in an annual series of Internet guides for educators, librarians, and school administrators, and provides tips on access to, as well as addresses for, online resources that support and enrich the K-12 curriculum and supplement the school library core collection. Sites that help educators develop professionally are also covered.
• Reflective Activities: Helping Students Connect with Texts. Classroom Practices in Teaching English, Volume 30
  This book offers successful classroom practices that encourage students to learn purposefully and constructively by reflecting on their own learning processes and by making connections between what they read (whether verbal or visual texts) and the lives they lead.
• The Inclusive Classroom: Mathematics and Science Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities. It's Just Good Teaching
  The first in a series of guides on the inclusive classroom that offers teachers research-based instructional strategies with real-life examples from Northwest classrooms, this publication focuses on the educational needs of students with learning disabilities in inclusive classrooms.
• Creating a New Borderland on the Screen
  Discusses a research project at the University of Gent (Belgium) that created materials for teaching literature from a European perspective. Concludes that a global revision of the literature course design should be made in which hypertext and multiculturalism play a key role; illustrates with examples of hypermedia applications for "Don Quixote" and "Robinson Crusoe." (AEF).
• The Impact of an International Cultural Experience on Previously Held Stereotypes by American Student Nurses
  Examined stereotypes held by U.S. student nurses before and after participating in an educational experience in Russia.
• Critical Multiculturalism, Border Knowledge, and the Canon: Implications for General Education and the Academy
  Formulates a vision of general education and academics founded on multiculturalism. Underscores the importance of multiple forms of knowledge and the cultural perspectives that students bring to academic communities.
• Critiquing Whole Language and Classroom Inquiry. WLU Series
  This book, part of the Whole Language Umbrella Series, offers a critical reexamination of "inquiry" and "whole language" as tools for rethinking literacy, schooling, and humanistic citizenship in the complexities of today's multicultural world. The essays in the book explore the political implications of literacy theories and practices by asking what kinds of inquiries promote or hinder the acquisition of literacies as tools for envisioning, critically exploring, and reconstructing knowledge and societies that are socially just.
• Multicultural Education and the Emerging Paradigm: An Essay in Cultural Epistemology
  This article discusses the origins of multicultural education from the perspective of cultural epistemology. It contends that at issue in the multicultural education debate is the challenge of paradigmatic shifts in understanding multicultural society and multiculturalism as sociopolitical constructs.
• Adult ESL: Politics, Pedagogy, and Participation in Classroom and Community Programs
  The collection of essays on the politics of adult English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) instruction are onAdult Education Community Programs,information Technology,Politics of Education etc.
• Ethnic Studies and Multiculturalism: SUNY Series, Frontiers in Education
  This book examines ethnic studies and multiculturalism movements at the higher education level. It notes the different viewpoints of these two movements, with ethnic studies usually involving a focus on a single ethnic group at the departmental level, whereas multiculturalism involves infusion of multiethnic themes into the curriculum across departments.
• The Moccasin on the Other Foot Dilemma: Multicultural Strategies at a Historically Black College
  This study used participant observation, student interviews, reflective journals, and discussions with faculty members and administrators to examine multicultural aspects at an historically black college.
• Music Appreciation Class: Broadening Perspectives
  Outlines approaches for introducing multicultural music into the standard music appreciation class. Notes the close relationship and influence shared by Middle Eastern and Western music and recommends using this as a starting point.
• Ethnomathematics and Multicultural Mathematics Education
  Presents information on ethnomathematics which is defined as the meeting of cultural anthropology with mathematics and education. Emphasizes the importance of multicultural education and ethnomathematics in the mathematics curriculum.
• The Construction of Children's Character. Ninety-Sixth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education. Part II
  This book presents a comprehensive and critical assessment of contemporary character education theory and practice from a variety of perspectives: historical, cultural, philosophical, psychological, empirical, political, and ethical. The essays in this book are divided into five sections intended to help develop a well-grounded understanding of the complex nature of character education in the United States.
• Beyond the Food Court: Goals and Strategies for Teaching Multiculturalism
  Explores the reasons why higher education must incorporate gender and multicultural scholarship and perspectives into the curriculum. Argues for the type of multiculturalism that focuses on identifying and deconstructing privilege and hierarchy.
• To Improve the Academy. Resources for Faculty, Instructional and Organizational Development. Volume 18
  The year 2000 volume of this annual publication contains 18 articles on issues relating to organizational change, collaboration and partnerships, and teaching and faculty development in higher education.
• Multiculturalism and Interculturalism in Quebec: Between Myth and Reality
  This paper discusses procedural liberalism as the main obstacle to democratic, pluralist cultural and educational practice in Quebec, Canada, arguing that institutional-level procedural liberalism promotes the status quo and precludes the democratic practice of intercultural education.
• Intercultural and Multicultural Education as Cultural Encounter and Reflection: Innovative Programs at the International Center for the Study of Education Policy and Human Values
  Describes the International Center for the Study of Educational Policy and Human Values at the University of Maryland. Asserts that it has achieved its two original goals of assisting experienced leaders to integrate an intercultural dimension into programs and develop model intercultural programs and training materials.
• After the Disciplines: The Emergence of Cultural Studies. Critical Studies in Education and Culture Series
  This collection of essays contains responses to a request to examine the emergence and formation of "cultural studies" within the university and the implications of cultural studies for an economics of "disciplinarity." The majority of the contributors are from the University of Auckland, New Zealand.
• A Call for Multicultural Counseling in Middle Schools
  Defines multicultural middle school counseling and outlines three main reasons for offering multicultural counseling designed specifically for young adolescents. Outlines problems faced by non-native students and presents guidelines for middle school counselors who work in multicultural settings.
• Having Arrived: Dimensions of Educational Success in a Transitional Newcomer School
  Examines a program for newly arrived, non-English-speaking immigrant children in a California city. Findings from a fourth-grade class demonstrate how a nurturing setting, culturally flexible teaching approach, linguistic and cultural validation, and a valued spatial environment contribute to newcomer students' success.
• Museums and the Education of Adults
  This book, which is intended for individuals involved in the education of adults and museum education, explores the potential role of museums in creation of a learning society, possibilities for collaboration between museums and adult education providers, access to museum resources by adult learners, and training and staff development.
• Exploring Ethnic-Specific Literature: A Unity of Parents, Families, and Educators
  Argues that making ethnic-specific literature integral to the literature program enhances a sense of community. Describes ways of exploring and reading ethnic-specific literature, and lists some titles for adults, young adults, and children.
• Manitoba Study on Multicultural Training for Apprenticeship Pays Off
  A study assessed the usefulness and effectiveness of a self-instructional print module on multicultural behavior change in learners in trade apprenticeships. The module had a significant effect on learning and retention, a moderate effect on attitude.
• Knowledge Acquisition: Utilizing the Internet To Access Educational Data
  The information rich environment of the World Wide Web provides a wealth of opportunities for international and comparative scholars of education to access a variety of electronic resources. These resources come in the form of reports, papers, policy positions, and others, many of which are available full-text if one knows where and how to locate them.
• Early Childhood Education in Eritrea, Proceeding as We Would Finish
  Describes the success of early childhood education programs in Eritrea which are based on the principle "we should proceed in the way we wish to finish." Identifies the social, cultural, and developmental factors an educator must consider. Notes how multilingualism and multiculturalism are of special importance in Eritrean early childhood education.
• Pedagogy, Politics, and Schools: Films about Social Justice in Education
  Reviews six films about issues related to multicultural and social justice education in the United States: "It's Elementary: Talking about Gay Issues in School"; "Starting Small: Teaching Children Tolerance"; "In Whole Honor?"; "Children Talk about AIDS"; "Fear and Learning at Hoover Elementary"; and "'Good Morning Miss Toliver.'" (SM).
• Educating Latino Students: A Guide to Successful Practice
  This book attempts to assist readers in expanding their knowledge base in the area of quality practices for Latino students. The chapters contain many practices that can be implemented in educational settings from preschool to secondary school.
• Viva Mexico!
  This curriculum presentation outlines how to celebrate five Mexican holidays in the classroom: Cinco de Mayo, Dia de los Muertos, Fiesta, Las Posados, and Three Kings Day. The goal is to help children learn through hands-on activities and real-life experiences.
• Global Perspectives for Young Readers: Easy Readers and Picture Book Read-Alouds from around the World
  Discusses how early childhood educators can use reading lessons as part of a global curriculum and help children develop an understanding of other peoples and their customs. Includes criteria for choosing international books as early reader selections, and annotated lists of picture books for beginning readers, chapter books for young readers, and translated books for read-aloud sessions.
• Without a Prayer
  Ponders issue of schools, school prayer, and religion. Shows how a teachable moment can promote moral and societal values without imposing specific views of any particular religion.
• Teaching Math and Science to Language Minority Children: Implications for Teachers
  Factors influencing the learning of mathematics in the linguistically diverse classroom are examined, drawing on the literature of mathematics and science instruction and of multicultural education. Teachers are encouraged to be aware that several linguistic, cultural, and cognitive factors affect the learner's academic performance, and to use linguistically and culturally sensitive instructional methods and activities to ensure success in math.
• Multicultural Materials in the Learning Resources Lab
  This bibliography presents annotations of 50 books; 6 kits, games, and software; and 8 videos that deal with multiculturalism. Many of the items in the annotated bibliography present class activities, offer selections of multicultural literature, or discuss other cultures.
• Multicultural Education and the Civic Mission of Schools
  This paper discusses key elements of current multicultural challenges of the traditional civic mission of schools. It appraises these challenges to suggest their strengths and weaknesses--contributions and pitfalls--with regard to fundamental U.S.
• Multicultural Strategies for Community Colleges: Expanding Faculty Diversity. ERIC Digest
  This digest explores the community college's mission to increase student attendance and performance by improving faculty diversity. Community colleges are filled with multicultural, diverse students who bring different knowledge and skills to educational institutions.
• Beyond Fairy Godmothers and Glass Slippers: A Look at Multicultural Variants of Cinderella
  This annotated bibliography presents a collection of multicultural Cinderella variants, all of which allow children to experience the culture within an easily identifiable framework. Variants include African/African American/American South, Asian, Jewish, Latino/Latin American/Caribbean, Middle Eastern, Native American, and other European American.
• Say Hola: Crossing Borders, Enriching Lives
  Describes a thematic unit of study, carried out in a kindergarten class, on traditional aspects of Mexican life. Describes class activities, unit objectives, and student responses in the unit involving geography, art, literacy, and Mexican culture.
• Middle Level Education: An Annotated Bibliography
  Developed as a reference tool for teachers, administrators, researchers, parents, and others interested in middle level education, this annotated bibliography of 1,757 entries focuses on practical aspects of middle level education and on research related to adolescence and middle level practices.
• Melting Pot to Tossed Salad
  Encourages teachers to interact with students and students to interact with each other to facilitate cultural awareness and respect for differences. Proposes a number of classroom activities, such as "how to" presentations, studies of cultural folklore, and a puppet show.
• Facilitating Cross-Cultural Online Discussion Groups: Implications for Practice
  Discusses research that examined the issues and challenges experienced by facilitators in cross-cultural group discussions in a Web conferencing program, using action research methods of data collection and analysis. Considers questioning, participation, interpersonal and group dynamics, facilitator expectations, and student expectations.
• Comparison of the Perceptions of Classroom Participation among Asian and Non-Asian Design Students
  Compared and contrasted the perceptions and expectations of instructors and Asian students studying design and compared the perceptions of Asian and non-Asian students in 2 design classes with 22 undergraduates. Asian students had more passive attitudes toward class participation than did non-Asian students.
• Multiculturalism and Art Education: Myths, Misconceptions, Misdirections
  Maintains that multicultural art education theory and practice have been the subjects of debate and curriculum change in the past decade. Discusses six myths about multiculturalism.
• The American Legacy of Ability Grouping: Tracking Reconsidered
  Reviews current arguments posed by supporters of educational tracking and those who oppose it. Research results support the view that tracking as practiced today is detrimental to the U.S.
• Issues and Trends in Literacy Education. Second Edition
  Noting the field of literacy education is vast and complicated, this book identifies the most significant issues and trends facing literacy educators today and to locate sources that explain principal viewpoints on these issues. Each chapter is made up of four parts: a brief introduction to the topic, the articles themselves, an annotated bibliography, and suggestions for further involvement.
• Student Voices across the Spectrum: The Educational Integration Initiatives Project
  The Educational Integration Initiatives Project (EIIP) was a multidisciplinary study designed to explore the complexities of the interaction of race and education. The EIIP also evaluated how the environment in which students are educated affects their educational performance and personal development.
• Transcultural Nursing Education: A View from Within
  Written from a minority perspective, this article explores issues of transcultural nursing education and advocates reform of approaches that cast minority ethnic persons as "other," present minority ethnic nurses as experts on minority issues, and equate transcultural education with learning about cultural norms and practices. (Contains 41 references.) (SK).
• The Educational Politics of Identity and Category
  Strikes a new educational path through the politics of identity and multiculturalism by arguing for the need to equip young people with an understanding of how culture, race, and nation have been constructed. The paper discusses two multicultural and antiracist initiatives in Canada and examines the beliefs and politics of Simone Weil, Charles Taylor, Neil Bissoondath, and Arthur Schlesinger.
• Black English in a Place Called Waterloo
  For many black students, the school language differs significantly from the home language, but preservice education rarely examines this issue. This article examines implications for teaching children who use two different forms of language to navigate the demands of their contrasting sociolinguistic speech communities, discussing: how teacher attitudes and knowledge affect practice; dual language demands; ebonics; and language as power.
• Defining Culture in a Multicultural Environment: An Ethnography of Heritage High School
  Examines how multicultural education can alter the learning environment of a school and thereby influence student relations, attitudes, and behaviors. The author discusses study findings that show the need for educational theory and practice to pay more attention to minority group interrelationships rather than the interaction between the traditionally dominant and subordinate groups.
• Effect of Multicultural Music Experience on Preservice Elementary Teachers' Attitudes
  Explores the effects of multicultural music-lesson planning on preservice elementary teachers' attitudes toward teaching from a multicultural perspective. Reveals a significant relationship between exposure to multicultural music and attitudes of willingness to teach it; no effect was observed on attitudes of willingness to teach in culturally diverse environments.
• Building Cross-Cultural Bridges--Cultural Analysis of Critical Incidents
  Culture forms the basis for cross-cultural awareness and understanding. The initial response to a new culture is to find it fascinating, exotic, and thrilling.
• Education for Democracy: Contexts, Curricula, Assessments. Research in Social Education
  Liberal democracies depend on the knowledge, character, and imagination of their citizens. Three assumptions underlie this collection of essays on democracy and education: (1) democracy is morally superior to autocracy, whether religious or secular, utopian or mundane; (2) democracies are rare historically and inherently fragile; and (3) there can be no democracy without democrats.
• Curriculum Integration: A Two-Way Street
  Describes curriculum integration and examines a theory of multicultural integration applying it to music education. Offers guidelines for music teachers who attempt to integrate music education with other subject areas: (1) get organized; (2) inform your principal; (3) start small; (4) be proactive; (5) be flexible; and (6) evaluate the effort.
• Understanding Our Gifted. Volume 8, 1996
  This collection of six newsletter issues focuses on the educational needs of gifted students.
• Multicultural Education, Transformative Knowledge and Action: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. Multicultural Education Series
  The 18 chapters of this book document persistent themes in the struggle for human freedom in the United States since the late nineteenth century, as exemplified in the scholarship and actions of people of color and their white supporters. One theme is that the margins of U.S.
• In Pursuit of the Enigma: A Project in Computer Assisted Teaching in Aid of Harmonious Social Relations
  Describes an interactive computer game developed for secondary school students to promote the teaching of multiculturalism. Discusses contextual difficulties, content, design strategy, prerequisites established by the psychology of education, screen design, and question answering.
• Being Responsive to Cultural Differences: How Teachers Learn
  This book offers suggestions for teacher educators to encourage preservice teachers to construct and expand their own skills and techniques for culturally responsive teaching. The book's 3 parts offer 12 chapters.
• Multiculturalism and Schools: The Struggle toward Open-Mindedness
  To counter the backlash against multiculturalism, educators must create a social environment for learning that encompasses respect, civility, integrity, and care. They should take into account the increasingly complex understanding of what common culture is and how it evolved.
• Add Salsa to Your Classroom with Young Adult Books about Latinos
  Discusses the use of young adult and children's books about Hispanic Americans as a part of multicultural education in middle school classrooms. Considers interdisciplinary learning activities to explore the history of Hispanic experience in the Americas, and recommends works of fiction, nonfiction, poetry, and anthologies for classroom use.
• Inside France: Three Missing Pages from Your Students' Textbook
  This mini-unit seeks to fill the gap in textbooks that exists when teaching about modern France. Many textbooks end their coverage of France with the chapter on World War II.
• People, Places, and Mathematics
  Offers weekly activities for students to explore mathematics from different cultures. (ASK).
• Cultural Understanding through Geographical Dimensions: A Finnish Perspective
  Defines intercultural education and describes the Finnish geography curriculum. Focuses on geography's role in enhancing cultural understanding by discussing the five dimensions of geographical education: (1) spatial; (2) temporal; (3) physical and environmental; (4) methodological; and (5) value.
• 474 Science Activities for Young Children
  This book uses a child-initiated, whole language approach to help children have fun while exploring the world of science. The activities are divided into 23 units.
• A Call for a Multicultural Revolution. Challenges & Hopes: Multiculturalism as Revolutionary Praxis. An Interview with Peter McLaren
  Discusses Peter McLaren's theories of critical pedagogy, which is underwritten by a Marxist philosophy and a critique of global capitalism. McLaren believes that capitalist exploitation is the driving force for the institutionalized racism that is so prevalent in Western society.
• Appalachian College Students & a Multicultural Curriculum
  A study explored the multicultural predispositions of Appalachian college students. Surveys addressing 23 variables related to demography, ideology, race perceptions, and university were returned by 437 students in 12 majors at Moorehead State University (Kentucky).
• Schools in Estonia as Institutional Actors and as a Field of Socialisation
  This paper provides a theoretical overview of education as an institution and as a field of socialization. It analyzes the relationships among multicultural education, integration, and civic society.
• Trends in the Scholarship on Teachers of Color for Diverse Populations: Implications for Multicultural Education
  Reviews patterns from literature on teachers of color and teacher preparation, including: recruitment and retention; role models; assessment; alternative programs for particular populations; and perceptions of programs and teaching. Analyzes 90 records that appeared when combining the descriptors multicultural education and teachers of color.
• Teacher Educators' Role in Promoting the Tenets of Multicultural Education
  Few preservice and beginning teachers are prepared for the diversity of today's classrooms. Educators must be aware of the many ways in which people are diverse and recognize that diversity is an enormous advantage.
• "I Want My Teachers To Like Me": Multiculturalism and School Dropout Rates among Mexican Americans
  Investigated Mexican American high school students' perceptions of multiculturalism, noting whether perceptions affected academic achievement, intention to graduate, and postsecondary educational aspirations. Surveyed, interviewed, and observed students and staff at schools with low and high Hispanic dropout rates.
• EE Reference Collection
  The goal of this reference collection is to make environmental education (EE) literature more accessible to practitioners in the field. The readings provide a context of theory and example to complement the suggestions and activities in the Toolbox Workshop Resource Manual.
• The Necessity of the Literary Tradition: Gabriel Garcia Marquez's "One-Hundred Years of Solitude."
  Argues that literature from other countries, taught as multicultural literature, must be taught in the context of its own literary tradition in order to provide high-quality academic instruction. Offers an example with Gabriel Garcia Marquez's "One-Hundred Years of Solitude" to show how teaching multicultural literature can live up to its ambitious goal of illuminating different cultures.
• Beyond Mulan: Rediscovering the Heroines of Chinese Folklore
  Notes how sadly the Disney treatment of the story of Mulan reduced both the character Mulan and the story's broad appeal. Presents and critiques four picture book versions of the Mulan legend.
• Welcoming the Culture of Computing into the K-12 Classroom: Technological Fluency and Lessons Learned from Second Language Acquisition and Cross Cultural Studies
  Discusses the integration of innovative technologies into the K-12 curriculum and its impact on instructional programs for linguistically and culturally diverse students. Describes the debate over whether the culture of computing is inclusive or exclusive, examining: educational technology standards; information technology and fluency; speech registers; postulating registers of information technology fluency; and the role of automaticity in developing fluency.
• Teaching about Japan: Lessons and Resources
  This document is a revised and updated version of two publications: "Modern Japan: An Idea Book for K-12 Teachers" and "Resources for Teaching About Japan." These lesson plans were developed by teachers who participated in a summer institute on Japan, sponsored by the East Asia Resource Center at the Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington.
• Early Childhood Education Program Expectations: Standards of Quality.
  In 1999, a task force was appointed to develop early childhood education (ECE) program expectations or standards for New Jersey's ECE programs. The standards were based on the task force's review of research, curricula, standards, and guidelines developed by local boards of education, other states, and professional organizations; feedback on draft standards from various professionals; and three regional focus groups.
• The Complexities of Valuing Cultural Differences without Overemphasizing Them: Taking It to the Next Level
  Synthesizes a body of literature that captures the complexities involved when considering the role that culture plays in learning. Concludes that culture is too important to be overlooked or disregarded, but that information about cultural groups should not be overgeneralized since there is great variation within cultures.
• Multimedia Pedagogy for the New Millennium
  Describes two multimedia and CD-ROM projects: The Shoah Visual History project; and the University of California Los Angeles' interactive educational CD-ROM, "Executive Order 9066: The Incarceration of Japanese Americans During World War II." Argues that these powerful teaching tools help students better understand historical events, involve students in historical research, teach tolerance, and promote antiracist curricula. (SR).
• Revista de Investigacion Educativa, 2000 (Journal of Educational Research, 2000)
  Articles in this volume focus on the following: teacher evaluation and quality management in education.
• Unscrambling the Semantics of Canadian Multiculturalism
  This paper explores the evolution of multiculturalism in the Canadian context. Some opponents of multiculturalism in Canada detect in the ideology an undermining of a unique Canadian identity in favor of hyphenated Canadians, while proponents see the hyphenation as adding richness and color to the Canadian character.
• Using All the Crayons. Educator Patricia Ramsey Says the Lessons of Tolerance Begin in Early Childhood
  Interviews a professor of psychology and education who discusses the implicit messages about differences and power relationships that children receive from the adults around them. Teachers should assess their own biases and work to ensure that multicultural education is more than superficial window dressing.
• Toward an Integrative Multicultural Learning Environment
  Describes the role of integrative curriculum reform in fostering multicultural education in Brown Barge Middle School, in Pensacola, Florida. Examines the efforts of one team of teachers to create a multicultural curriculum, noting factors in their success.
• Cognitive Changes in the Course of Culture Contacts: Young Teachers Meet Migrant Youth
  Handling of acculturation problems in multicultural classrooms requires the analysis of individual cognitive models of the process of cultural contacts. Culture contact is defined as individually oriented persons meeting socially oriented persons.
• Multicultural Teaching: African-American Faculty Classroom Teaching Experiences in Predominantly White Colleges and Universities
  Explored classroom teaching challenges faced by African American faculty at a predominantly white college. Focus group interviews with black faculty indicated that the teachers believed white students felt their standards were too high and did not match white professors' expectations.
• Multiculturalism, Race, and Education
  Reports on a telephone survey that examined the extent of support given to multicultural education (MCE) by whites and blacks. Results from 348 respondents found strong support for the concept of MCE, but issues of implementation were more controversial with interracial differences being generally larger than intraracial differences.
• The National Conversation on Youth Development in the 21st Century. Final Report.
  To commemorate 2002 as the centennial year of America's 4-H Movement, the National 4-H Council held a national conversation to identify ways of improving youth development programs. The conversation process included the following activities: 1,577 local conversations that yielded more than 10,000 specific action items; a review of those items at 63 state conversations; and a national conversation at which 1,200 youths and adults representing 600 organizations developed specific national strategies and action steps based on the findings of the local and state conversations.
• Beyond Heroes and Holidays: A Practical Guide to K-12 Anti-Racist, Multicultural Education and Staff Development
  Multicultural education must encourage academic excellence that embraces critical skills for progressive social change. This book is guided by the philosophy of critical pedagogy, pioneered by Brazilian educator, Paulo Freire.
• Passages to India: Guide to Using the Audio and Print Programs. [Curriculum Book and Audiotape]
  This curriculum packet is based on a National Public Radio series of 10 one-hour programs produced in India between 1986 and 1989. The tape cassette is designed to introduce middle and high school students to the people and land of India.
• "Talking Race" in the College Classroom: The Role of Social Structures and Social Factors in Race Pedagogy
  This article examines the role of race in the college classroom. Two types of college institutions in which the author has had personal teaching experience are examined.
• We Can't Teach What We Don't Know: White Teachers, Multiracial Schools. Multicultural Education Series
  This book explores what it means to be a culturally competent white teacher in racially diverse schools. Twenty-five years of a multi- cultural educator's experience is presented to show the changes and growth that must take place.
• Selecting Computer Programs and Interactive Multimedia for Culturally Diverse Students: Promising Practices
  Discusses issues in selecting computer programs and interactive multimedia for culturally diverse students, including the necessity of including diverse cultural referents and acknowledging the cognitive style of students who will be using the programs. (SLD).
• Maybe a Colony: And Still Another Critique of the Comp Community
  Argues that a simple celebration of cultural multiplicity while retaining the literacy practices that have maintained the subjugation of too many of America's people of color is insufficient. Points to the connections between colonialism and histories of rhetoric, hoping to start a conversation about "the combat zones as well as the kinder contact zones" of multiculturalism.
• The Border Crossings of a Multicultural Science Education Enthusiast
  Examines the "borders" a preservice science education student encountered as she completed her student teaching in a cultural setting that was different from her own. Suggests that, during field experiences, preservice teachers may encounter multiple cultural borders, some consistent and some inconsistent with their instructional philosophy.
• Cross Cultural Watershed Partners. Activities Manual
  The Global Rivers Environmental Education Network (GREEN) has developed this manual of background information and activities for teachers and students who are interested in adding a cross cultural component to their watershed education program, or who wish to include an environmental context to their cross cultural experience.
• Identities and Education: New Myths and New Ethnicities
  Explores the position of blacks in British society and considers the role schools might play in a new acceptance of ethnicity and the clarification of values appropriate for the new multicultural society. British society must value and celebrate all its peoples rather than continue current social injustices.
• Affirmative Action Defended: Case Studies in Engineering Education
  The affirmative action efforts of the College of Engineering at the University of California Davis campus demonstrate affirmative action at its best. Eight programs are described that represent positive and constructive affirmative action that gives women and minorities the opportunity to advance through hard work.
• Multiculturalism
  The purpose of this bibliography is to aid teachers and librarians, particularly school librarians, in their endeavors to create multicultural classroom experiences for the children with whom they work. The resources listed are tools to be used for selecting materials that allow integration of multicultural education across the curriculum.
• Drama Modes, Meanings, Methods and Multicultural Education
  Suggests that there is a strong affinity between multicultural and theater education. Argues that, through drama and theater, individuals can acquire a clearer visualization and deeper understanding of the topics, issues, themes, and concepts of multicultural education.
• Language Arts Activities for Children. Fourth Edition
  This activities book illustrates how teachers can use teaching methods and strategies to build children's language arts skills as well as create a stimulating, enriched environment. The activities in the book include many opportunities for the integration of the language arts across the curriculum.
• Measuring the Impact of Project IMPACT as a Curriculum Transformation Initiative
  Summarizes findings from a study of the Project for the Infusion of Multicultural Perspectives and Approaches in College Teaching (Project IMPACT), a project designed to support selected faculty as they developed a multicultural curriculum. Experience with participants from four Connecticut state universities over four years indicated a long-term beneficial impact on multicultural instruction from the project.
• Introduction: Shifting Perspectives from Universalism to Cross-Culturalism
  Introduces three articles that appear in this issue on universalism and multiculturalism. Describes the articles as having moved beyond the debate of multiculturalism and universalism by accepting that all systems of knowledge about nature are embedded within the context of a cultural group.
• The new meaning of educational change
  This book has been greatly revised and expanded to make it a definitive up-to-date reference for educational innovators involved in educational reform.
• Identity Education in Multicultural Germany
  Addresses conditions of identity education in Germany within the framework of multicultural education. Particular focus is on the interaction theory of Krappmann (1971), which provides a framework for dealing with the necessities of identity education for migrant and German students.
• Multicultural Math Classroom: Bringing In the World
  Teachers realize that students are most motivated when they are actively involved in their own learning and dealing with the issues of greatest concern to themselves and their communities. The first three chapters of this book present a rationale for multicultural mathematics education, including an overview of issues, features of a multicultural mathematics curriculum, and connections between mathematics and literature.
• Multicultural Education for Literacy in the Year 2000: Traversing Comfort Zones and Transforming Knowledge and Action
  Addresses multicultural issues surrounding literacy for the future (demographics and cultural histories and philosophical movements), discussing societal forces that impact multicultural education in homogeneous and diverse enclaves of U.S. society; analyzing current U.S.
• Enacting Diverse Learning Environments: Improving the Climate for Racial/Ethnic Diversity in Higher Education. ERIC Digest
  This digest examines ways in which learning and educational objectives can be maximized to achieve diversity while improving social and learning environments for students from different racial/ethnic backgrounds. The digest examines the literature on campus climate for racial/ethnic diversity, looks at the impact on student diversity of the campus climate, and examines institutional changes necessary to improve the racial/ethnic diversity and enhance the learning environment.
• Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure with Art Therapy Students: Assessing Preservice Students after One Multicultural Self-Reflection Course
  Graduate art therapy students enrolled in a multicultural art therapy course were given the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure as a pretest and posttest to assess their own cultural identity. Results indicate that stronger cultural identification is possible following the completion of one multicultural art therapy course.
• Development and Initial Score Validation of the Teacher Multicultural Attitude Survey
  Two coordinated studies involving 429 teachers and preservice teachers and 227 education graduate students were designed to develop and validate scores on an efficient self-report measure of multicultural awareness for teachers working in kindergarten through grade 12. The construct and criterion validity and reliability of the developed Teacher Multicultural Attitude Survey are supported.
• Intercultural Education and Literacy: An Ethnographic Study of Indigenous Knowledge and Learning in the Peruvian Amazon.
  This book examines indigenous education in South America, focusing on the development of intercultural education and on an ethnographic study of educational processes and change among the Arakmbut people of the Peruvian Amazon.
• A Kaleidoscope of Cultures and the Arts
  This workshop presentation offers an introduction to and suggestions for a multicultural approach to teaching through music experiences.
• Un-Separate and Still Unequal? Three Books about American Education and Race at the End of the Liberal Century [Book Review]
  Three recent books from different contexts bring new attention to the issues of race and education in the United States. These books are helpful to those considering the reasons for the underachievement of African-American students in the United States at the end of the 20th century.
• Challenges and Opportunities for Family and Consumer Sciences Professionals in the New America
  Demographic shifts in the U.S. population are a continuing trend.
• Curriculum Instruction Practices for Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders. From the Second CCBD Mini-Library Series: Successful Interventions for the 21st Century
  This monograph presents some of the current developments in curriculum and instruction for students with emotional/behavioral disorders.
• Teaching and Learning about Multicultural Literature: Students Reading Outside Their Culture in a Middle School Classroom
  This book shares the findings of a study of one teacher, Ann, and her eighth-grade classes of 123 readers who participated in a multicultural literature unit. A feature of the study was that the majority of the students were white--that is, the dominant culture--and studied novels representing nondominant cultures.
• Integrating Irish Children's Literature into a Multicultural Curriculum
  Examines ways in which children's literature reflecting the Irish can be effectively integrated into a multicultural curriculum. Uses J.
• A Faceless Bureaucrat Ponders Special Education, Disability, and White Privilege
  The first part of this article critiques categorical approaches to special education, overrepresentation of minority children in special education, inclusion and exclusion, and white privilege. The second part of the article describes the potential of multicultural education, transformation, and participatory leadership approaches to address the issues raised in the critique.
• Disproportionate Representation: A Critique of State and Local Strategies. Policy Forum Report (Washington, D.C., September 14-15, 1995). Final Report
  This document reports on the purpose, implementation, and outcomes of a policy forum on strategies used to address the disproportionate number of students from minority ethnic/racial groups receiving special education. Participants included representatives of state education agencies, local education agencies, the university/research community, general education, the Office for Civil Rights, and advocacy groups.
• Meeting the Needs of English Language Learners
  Presents key questions reflecting research in first/second language acquisition and whole language principles: is curriculum organized around "big" questions?; are students involved in authentic reading and writing?; are students given choices?; is content meaningful?; do students work collaboratively?; do students read, write, speak, and listen during learning?; are students' primary languages and cultures valued?; and do learning activities build self-esteem? (RS).
• Hey Pachuco! "That Zoot Suit Can Cause a Riot."
  Popular music and films can become vehicles in the study of racial prejudices and stereotypes and provide a framework for understanding the popular opinions of a particular era. At the College of Staten Island, City University of New York, a course incorporates popular music and videos into the study of historical accounts of the 20th century focusing on racial stereotypes.
• Issues in Social Studies: Voices from the Classroom
  This collection of essays, from Houston area educators, investigates and analyzes the state of social education, offering a critical and transformative perspective.
• Restructuring Urban Schools: A Chicago Perspective
  The Chicago (Illinois) School Reform Act of 1988 set in motion a chain of reform efforts that have been the subject of considerable study. The plan emphasizes returning control of the schools to parents and the community through school-based management and local school councils.
• Culture in School Learning: Revealing the Deep Meaning
  This publication presents a process for developing a teaching perspective that embraces the centrality of culture in school learning. The six-part process presented in the book involves objectifying culture, personalizing culture, inquiring about students' cultures and communities, applying knowledge about culture to teaching, formulating theory linking culture and school learning, and transforming professional practice to better meet the needs of students from different cultural and experiential backgrounds.
• Chronicle of a Battle Foretold: Curriculum and Social Change
  Argues an English curriculum infused with multicultural literature and perspectives will not cause the educational and social outcomes attributed to it. The crux of the problem is to help students acquire, from their own experience with literature, a greater desire for literature.
• Social Studies Resources on the Internet. A Guide for Teachers
  This book focuses on social studies web sites, provides the tools for teachers to incorporate the Internet into the existing curriculum framework, explains how to get started using the Internet, and annotates a large collection of useful resources. The resources are wide ranging and challenging to allow students to think, analyze, and create.
• Oppressor: The Educational System
  In this critique of elementary and secondary education in the United States, the first section discusses the history of the U.S. educational system and how the development of the schools' curricula and assessment programs have been adapted to the white, male, Eurocentric style of learning.
• Teaching Diverse Students: Preparing with Cases. Fastback 429
  The use of short cases (or case scenarios) and a case method of instruction can help teachers and other educators in both preservice and inservice contexts learn ways of implementing curriculum and providing effective instruction for diverse students. This "Fastback" from the Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation illustrates such use of the case method.
• Playing Korean Ethnic Games To Promote Multicultural Awareness
  Provides information to help early childhood teachers recognize the diverse ethnic groups within the Asian community and shows how to use Korean traditional games to promote children's multicultural awareness. Describes four traditional games.
• Learning through Community Service in International School Settings
  States that many international schools have taken on the role of being community centers that support families adjusting to life in a foreign country. Describes several community-service programs that are not strictly school-based and that help students and families be aware of the broader community's culture as well as the campus'.
• The Multicultural Worlds of Childhood in Postmodern America
  The multicultural worlds of childhood in postmodern American present challenges and opportunities for the early childhood curriculum. This chapter explores the historical context of multicultural America and the possibility of an early childhood critical multicultural curriculum with "border crossings," or transversing subject-area disciplinary boundaries.
• Towards a Consciousness of Language: A Language Pedagogy for Multi-Cultural Classrooms
  Describes a language pedagogy which can help basic writers to understand language's potential to shape, not just to convey information about, social experience. States that students from diverse backgrounds can then more effectively critique the relationships of language's uses in a variety of social contexts.
• A Review of Research on the Kentucky Education Reform Act 1995 (KERA).
  This review of research identifies, reviews, and summarizes studies that address the implementation of the Kentucky Education Reform Act of 1990 (KERA) and that focus on the effects of the reforms on students, teachers, and other stakeholders.
• Of Kwanzaa, Cinco de Mayo, and Whispering: The Need for Intercultural Education
  Multicultural education can improve understandings among students of different ethnic groups only if it is implemented systematically. Research with 75 adolescent mothers in an inner-city California high school shows how the celebration of Kwanzaa leads to exclusion and isolation and the speaking of Spanish results in conflict and resentments.
• Technology Connections for Grades 3-5. Research Projects and Activities
  This book provides guidance and instruction for nine in-depth projects that integrate information literacy skills and technology skills with the elementary curriculum while promoting small-group learning and interpersonal skills. These projects use the talents of both the teacher and the librarian and emphasize small group learning.
• Many People, Many Places, Other Times: An Annotated Bibliography of Multicultural Books for 3- to 8-Year-Olds
  Cites 99 recently published fiction, folklore, and nonfiction books for 3- to 8-year olds that illustrate a broad interpretation of multiculturalism and include positive and accurate portrayals of various ethnic or religious groups. A brief synopsis is given for each book, along with publication information.
• Inclusive Schooling Practices: Pedagogical and Research Foundations: A Synthesis of the Literature that Informs Best Practice About Inclusive Schools
  This monograph summarizes the literature base that informs current understanding of the best approaches to support students with disabilities in inclusive settings.
• Proceedings of the Annual Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education (21st, DeKalb, Illinois, October 9-11, 2002)
  This document contains 41 papers and 11 poster session presentations from a conference on research-to-practice in adult, continuing, and community education.
• Reducing Prejudice and Stereotyping in Schools. Multicultural Education Series
  More than 500 studies of intergroup relations are reviewed to develop recommendations to help educators choose effective programs to reduce racial prejudice and stereotyping in their schools.
• Journal of the Pennsylvania Counseling Association, 2000-2001
  These two journal issues are dedicated to the study and development of the counseling profession. The journal's emphasis on multiculturalism is evident in the article selected for this volume.
• A Comparison of Multicultural Characters in the Annotations of Two Recommended High School Reading Lists Published Thirty-One Years Apart
  This content analysis sought to examine the annotations in two editions of "Books for You" (a recommended reading list for high school students) published thirty-one years apart (1964 and 1995) to determine if the roles, settings, and importance of multicultural characters has changed in any way.
• A Multicultural Education Experience: The Importance of Process
  Discusses issues and problems in the development and implementation of multicultural education programs, focusing on how a group of educators sought to help early childhood teachers deal with the increasing number of intergroup conflicts among their pupils. These educators developed a multicultural education resource book.
• Recruiting Minority Teachers: The UTOP Program. Fastback 436
  This booklet examines the need to recruit minority teachers, highlighting the Urban Teachers Outreach Program (UTOP) currently being implemented in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. The UTOP's collaborative effort between Lakeland College and the Sheboygan Area School District has helped minority members of public schools' classified staff (mostly teacher aides) earn bachelor's degrees and teacher certification.
• The Schooling of Multiracial Students. ERIC/CUE Digest, Number 138
  The purpose of this digest is to help educators develop a curriculum for multiracial students that fosters their ability to develop a positive identity and achieve academically. To this end, the digest briefly reviews identity formation in multiracial children and then presents schoolwide and classroom strategies that have been shown to be particularly effective with multiracial students and that also promote all children's understanding of racial issues.
• White Counselor Trainees: Is there Multicultural Counseling Competence without Formal Training?
  Recent research has produced ambiguous results as to whether traditional training in multicultural development, awareness, knowledge, and skills is necessary to produce counseling competence. To explore this question, a study of multicultural counseling competence prior to multicultural counseling training is reported here.
• Ceremonial Access
  Explores the use of elements of the cultural practices of native peoples in the elementary school classroom as a way of introducing children to other cultures. Discusses the appropriate use of native-like experiences in contextualized mimesis to bring life to curricula.
• Cultural Complexity That Affects Young Children's Contemporary Growth, Change, and Learning
  Based on the view that the group orientation to multicultural education reinforces group stereotyping and seldom allows acknowledgement of diverse children's unique capabilities and differences or helps children build self-identity while learning to appreciate others, this paper presents and discusses contemporary cultures of young children's lives relative to a notion of "lived" early childhood curriculum that is developmentally and culturally conscious.
• Terms of Engagement: Postcolonialism, Transnationalism, and Composition Studies
  Focuses on limitations of postcolonialism for purposes of composition studies and dangers of the decontextualized, desituated use of concepts. Argues that the use of postcolonial materials must be marked by a high degree of vigilance if it is to have any value at all in the composition classroom other than to further careerism and a shallow interest in interdisciplinarity.
• Introducing the Music of East Africa
  Explains and characterizes some of the basic concepts of East African music. Fundamentally an enhanced way of storytelling, East African music techniques are rooted in the play and rhythm of spoken language.
• Finding a Voice for the Victimized
  Examines writers' growing awareness of the voices if the victims, exploring the representation of characters who resist subjugating colonial powers and tracing how various past and present authors have represented colonized peoples. By refocusing postmodern readers' consciousness on the violation of rights, authors reeducate and sensitize them to the contrasting voices that speak out against the persecution of those who are different.
• Social Inclusion: Would Dickens Approve?
  Discusses exclusion of ethnic minority students from school in Britain as it reflects the operation of complex differential expectations and assumptions. Data from several studies show that exclusions have been racialized and that black boys are often excluded or disciplined for showing culturally specific behaviors.
• Lafayette Geography Institute, 2000.
  This document contains 7 geography lesson plans: (1) "Can You Give Me Directions to the Game?" by Tim Robison (uses Geographic Information Systems to establish directions to a place; grades 6-8); (2) "Crossing China by Sampan" by Marcie Ritchie (examines the role of geography in communication throughout China; grade 6); (3) "Indiana Tornado Project" by Carole Mayrose (researches tornadoes in Indiana; grades 9-12); (4) "A Multicultural Study: Chinese New Year" by Gloria Massey (examines the differences between Chinese New Year customs and beliefs and those of the U.S. New Year; grades K-3); (5) "Postcards across America" by Tami Hicks (uses a postcard exchange among schools throughout the United States to learn about individual states; grade 5); (6) "Where in the World Is Mr.
• Japanese Enough? A Korean's Journey to Japanese Identity
  Describes one Japanese woman's reflections of the personal struggle fought by a Korean woman living in Japan. Other countries are thought of as being monocultural or monoethnic societies, in contrast to the United States' cultural melting pot.
• Educating World Citizens: Toward Multinational Curriculum Development
  Used Cultural Futures Delphi procedures to interview and survey a multinational panel of 182 scholars, practitioners, and policy leaders from 9 countries to develop a curriculum geared to the development of world citizens prepared to deal with global crises and trends identified by the panel. Outlines the curriculum.
• Commission on the Future of Multi-ethnic Britain: A Personal Perspective on the Progress Report
  Comments on the progress report of the Commission on the Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain and asserts that the obsession of the British state with "multiculturalism," "ethnicity," and "ethnic minorities" has been a distraction from the core issue of "racial oppression." Reviews the work of the Commission from a perspective of color consciousness. (SLD).
• Racial Attitudes on Campus: Can We Make a Difference?
  Describes the Institutes for the Healing of Racism of the University of Louisville (Kentucky), a program designed to address racial intolerance and provide a forum for discussion of racial issues on a personal level. The institute brings racially different groups together to share beliefs and receive information about other groups.
• On the Power of Separate Spaces: Teachers and Students Writing (Righting) Selves and Future
  Studied the effect of programs within desegregated schools that serve an identified population of students for cultural affirmation and advancement. Ethnographic data from a girls' group at an urban magnet school and a Vietnamese students' homeroom, focusing on 20 high school students, in an urban comprehensive school demonstrate both the power of such "spaces" and the contradictory impulses within such arrangements.
• Science Education in a Multiscience Perspective
  Argues that a multiscience perspective on science education affords richer implications for reflection and practice than does multiculturalism. Recognizes the existence of various types of science at play in all science classrooms, especially personal science, indigenous science, and Western modern science.
• Selected Strategies and Activities To Provide Challenging Instruction to ESOL Students in Content Area Courses
  This paper describes how a large school district in suburban Atlanta, Georgia dealt with the challenges presented by the relatively sudden influx of a large number of highly heterogeneous limited-English-proficient (LEP) students. The eight most critical specific problems that underlay the assimilation of the new students included the following: a lack of proper assessment techniques; a largely negative categorization of the limited-.
• A Multilingual Perspective on Spelling Development in Third and Fourth Grades
  Investigated the spelling development of 60 third and fourth graders from a variety of linguistic backgrounds and compared the spelling development of students from five language groups. Students from the different backgrounds had remarkably similar spelling development.
• Distinguishing Language Differences from Language Disorders in Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Students
  Describes a methodology that educators can use to appropriately classify students who are linguistically and culturally diverse. The article lists the student behaviors to observe when distinguishing a language difference from a language disorder and illustrates how educators can conceptualize student background and current status in selecting various alternatives in special education.
• Multiculturally Challenged
  Voices the lament and the anger of a lone black teacher in an all-white school district in Wyoming trying to teach the "other" while simultaneously representing the "other." (SR).
• Racial Inequality in Schools. Corp Author(s): Commission for Racial Equality, London (England). ; Association for Teachers and Lecturers, London (England)
  In spite of considerable progress on racial equality issues and multicultural education made in the schools of the United Kingdom, many areas of disadvantage remain for ethnic minority students and some new ones have emerged. Quite apart from the moral and educational imperatives behind policies against racism, there are legal implications for schools that neglect these areas of concern.
• Justice in the Publishing Field: A Look at Multicultural Awards for Children's Literature
  Reviews awards given for multicultural children's literature and discusses the importance of such awards, which serve a guides to teachers and librarians. Book awards recognize and nurture culturally diverse writers and encourage publishers to produce more multicultural books.
• Multicultural Education: An International Guide to Research, Policies, and Programs
  This book is a reference work that examines a sample of the world's educational systems. The countries included are those that participated in an international study of multicultural education, along with other countries to provide a solid sampling of nations on all continents.
• Professional development schools: Looking ahead
  Speculates on the future of Professional Development Schools (PDSs), examining: the Holmes Group's beginning vision of PDSs; PDS progress; persistent problems; the vision of learning and learning to teach; the role of the university at large; the structures of schools and PDSs; teachers' roles; recent enabling trends; and a primary purpose for PDSs.
• Off White: Readings on Race, Power, and Society
  The contributions in this volume analyze the white racialization process in the context of multiculturalism and examine how racism is established in institutional structures.
• The Power of Performance in Multicultural Curricula. "Screams of Tyranny, Cries of Hope," a Script and Workshop Project for High School Students
  Describes a play written for performance by high school students entitled, "Screams of Tyranny, Cries of Hope," that is explicitly for use in encouraging multicultural acceptance. The play features performative, role playing and interpretation workshops that include both students and educators.
• Multiculturalism and Severe Disabilities
  This article discusses the need for educators to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to help students with severe disabilities from mainstream groups to develop cross-cultural knowledge, values, and competencies. It outlines goals for multicultural understanding for educational researches, for teacher educators, and for school leaders and teachers.
• Reinventing Early Care and Education: A Vision for a Quality System
  Although early care and education have gained some momentum in recent years, shortfalls in quality are still pervasive. This book defines the elements of a high-quality system and suggests strategies for improvement.
• Music Faculty Perceptions of Multicultural Music Education
  Investigates the perceptions of selected college music faculty on multicultural music education, focusing on such issues as a definition of multicultural music education, whether or not it would benefit from hiring minority faculty, and its benefits and problems. (CMK).
• Who's New in Multicultural Literature Part Two (Rainbow Teachers/Rainbow Students)
  Describes the Multicultural Project at a high school in Colorado that uses literature by people of color in the 11th-grade curriculum. Presents brief descriptions of four Latino/a and five Native American writers and their works.
• Multiculturalism and Music Re-attached to Music Education
  Suggests that the role of music and music education in supporting culture is very powerful. Focuses on students learning about music as opposed to performance.
• Multicultural Literature in the Classroom
  Discusses three recent books for educators that deal with the challenges of teaching literature in a diverse society; ways in which multicultural literature creates opportunities for both transformation and resistance; ways to use multiethnic literature in elementary and junior high classrooms; and multicultural perspectives in teaching literature. (SR).
• Incorporating Multicultural Perspectives into Teaching Approaches
  Details a study of early-childhood-education teachers' practices and attitudes toward integrating multiculturalism in their classrooms. Discusses teachers' ratings of multiculturalism in education as an issue, their knowledge of multicultural issues and resources, the use of teacher-support agencies, and the effectiveness of programs.
• Multicultural Technology Integration: The Winds of Change Amid the Sands of Time
  This case study describes how a high school language arts teacher in a poor border community in southern New Mexico combined technology-based teaching strategies with multicultural elements to ensure learning and equitable access to technology for her minority students. Discusses bilingual and bicultural students, constructivist classrooms, and instructional flexibility.
• Multiculturalism in the 21st Century: Challenges and Possibilities
  This paper outlines, at a general theoretical level, what are seen as the key issues that are facing multiculturalism and, by implication, multicultural education as the world moves into the 21st century. The paper contends that it is necessary to reassess continually what mistakes have been made in the past, what obstacles still lie ahead, and, in light of both, what might be the best way to proceed.
• Empowering Pedagogies That Enhance the Learning of Multicultural Students
  Discusses the tenets of critical pedagogy, describing research on the presence of those tenets within discourse patterns and pedagogical practices in urban, community-based classrooms. Discourses and pedagogies of three female, African American teachers are highlighted, examining how teachers challenge students to consider alternate life possibilities, become critical thinkers, and consider transformation of their own and others' life situations.
• Improving Student Perceptions and Academic Performance in the Multiethnic Classroom
  Describes a study that examined the effects of collaborative group learning within a multiethnic classroom at the community college level. Confirms that when community college teachers utilize collaborative learning skills in conjunction with traditional learning skills, academic performance increases and student ethnic perceptions improve.
• Beyond an Epcot Nation: Reinventing the Multicultural for Transformative Pedagogy
  This paper critiques multiculturalism from a range of fronts and asks what underlying influence ties together its widespread criticisms. In naming this principal influence, the paper considers what new paths are possible for reinventing the multicultural in composition studies.
• Opening Borders
  The guide is designed to familiarize adult basic education (ABE) English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) teachers with the obstacles faced by adult students from other culture in the adult education classroom. An overview of these challenges and an outline of suggested teaching strategies and cultural activities are presented as a basis for developing a multicultural ABE/ESL curriculum.
• School Counselors, Teachers, and the Culturally Compatible Classroom: Partnerships in Multicultural Education
  School counselors need to advise their teaching colleagues on incorporating diversity within classrooms. Includes various ways counselors can advise and introduce strategies to teachers that will avoid inappropriate pedagogical habits regarding ethnicity, class, gender, and disabling challenges.
• "Speaking Up" and "Speaking Out": Examining "Voice" in a Reading/Writing Program with Adolescent African-Caribbean Girls
  Examines three significant moments in a weekly reading and writing workshop to reflect on the problematic notion of "coming to voice" for African Caribbean girls aged 14 to 15. Concludes by sharing how the inquiry taught the author some salient lessons in listening to research participants' voices and on the politics and ethics of participatory literacy inquiries.
• The Quick Reference Guide to Educational Innovations: Practices, Programs, Policies, and Philosophies
  In their struggle to identify successful solutions for their schools, teachers, administrators, board members, and parents must wade through reams of educational rhetoric and sales hype. This resource is designed to serve a broad audience of practicing teachers, preservice teachers, administrators, resource teachers, college professors, parents, and others who would like to stay abreast of new education programs and innovations.).
• A Comparison of the Additive and Transformation Approaches to Multicultural Education
  This project compared the degree to which additive and transformational approaches to multicultural education increased children's understanding and appreciation of physically challenged children. The additive approach integrates ethnic content to the regular curriculum by adding content, concepts, themes, and perspectives without changing the basic structure, purposes, and characteristics.
• Research Review for School Leaders. Volume III
  This volume offers the educational leader reviews of research on five timely educational issues: citizenship education, multicultural education, gifted and talented education, classroom assessment, and scheduling. The chapters treating citizenship education review both the research about and practice of citizenship education in K-12 schooling.
• Computer-Mediated Communication for a Multicultural Experience
  Examines a computer-mediated communication exercise designed to foster dialog on multicultural issues and practices while simultaneously being a multicultural experience itself. Conference transcripts are analyzed, and results suggest it is difficult to break cultural myths of teaching and the ideology of professionalism embraced by preservice teachers.
• Teaching Other People's Ideas to Other People's Children: Integrating Messages from Education, Psychology, and Critical Pedagogy
  Educational endeavors are enriched by diverse forms of knowledge and experience, and, particularly in urban schools,by diverse children and teachers. An important educational task is teaching other people's ideas to other people's children.
• The Unz/Tuchman "English for Children" Initiative: A New Attack on Immigrant Children and the Schools
  Criticizes the Unz/Tuchman "English for Children" initiative (R. Unz) a proposal that would place limited-English-speaking children in California together, regardless of age or academic abilities, for one year of intensive English instruction and no instruction in academic subjects before returning them to regular classes.
• Multicultural Children's Literature in the Elementary Classroom. ERIC Digest
  Arguing that schools need to prepare all children to become competent citizens and to create an environment that fosters mutual understanding, this Digest discusses multicultural children's literature in the elementary classroom. It discusses the importance of multicultural children's literature and presents guidelines for selecting multicultural children's literature.
• Waging Peace in Our Schools
  The Resolving Conflicts Creatively Program (RCCP) described in this book asserts that schools must educate the child's heart as well as the mind. RCCP began in 1985 as a joint initiative of Educators for Social Responsibility Metropolitan Area and the New York City Board of Education.
• Power and Empowerment in Multicultural Education: Using the Radical Democratic Model for Rehabilitation Education
  Considers advantages and disadvantages of four different sociopolitical approaches to multicultural studies: corporate, liberal, essentialist, and radical democratic. Suggests the use of a radical democratic perspective because this approach acknowledges the need for changes in the power structures of society.
• Using Multicultural Literature in Gifted Education Classrooms
  Explains the Ford-Harris Matrix model of multicultural education in teaching literature to gifted students. This matrix combines levels of infusing multicultural content (contributions, additive, transformation, and social action) with the thinking processes of Bloom's Cognitive Taxonomy (knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation).
• Qianlong Meets Macartney: Collision of Two World Views. A Dramatization for Middle and High School Students
  This play, intended for middle school and high school students, uses the historical events of the Macartney mission to China from 1792-94 to illustrate the problems that can occur when different cultures interact. The play describes the first major encounter in which government officials representative of the European Enlightenment come face to face with the leadership of the legendary Chinese empire.
• Education Reform and Social Change. Multicultural Voices, Struggles, and Visions
  The selections in this collection offer the stories of real-life educators as they work to build a more participatory and equitable educational future for their students in bilingual and multicultural education. Also included are the voices of parents, students, and advocates of change as they work on educational and social change processes.
• Assessing the Impact of a Prejudice Prevention Project
  Reports on the effectiveness of a prejudice prevention intervention that was used among a culturally diverse group of students in Hawaii. Results indicate that teachers observed significant improvement in the students' cooperative social skills as a result of participating in the multicultural guidance activities.
• Child Development in the Context of Multicultural Pre-School Education
  This study examined the impact of a multicultural preschool curriculum in Slovenia on preschool children's sensitization to cultural differences and understanding of themselves, others, and different cultures. The curriculum was implemented for a 1-month period for 6.6- to 7-year-olds.
• Successful Early Childhood Education in an Imperfect World: Lessons Learned from Four Northwest Schools. Program Report
  This report describes four innovative and culturally responsive early childhood education programs in Montana, Washington, Alaska, and Oregon. The introduction discusses developmentally appropriate early education and effective teaching practices.
• African American Females' Voices in the Classroom: Young Sisters Making Connections through Literature
  Examines the reading experiences of six African-American middle school girls. Finds that their book selection processes were different than those proposed by the professional multicultural education literature; they found affirmations, support, solutions, and decision-making skills in their reading; and that what mattered were the connections the girls were making to those characters.
• Vygotsky in the Classroom: Mediated Literacy Instruction and Assessment
  Designed to help teachers think about, analyze, and make decisions on literacy instruction, this book provides the conceptual framework and methodology to put the ideas of Lev Vygotsky into practice for classroom literacy instruction.
• Finding Common Ground: Multicultural YA Literature
  Argues that multicultural young adult literature can help to break down prejudices and broaden narrow minds. Notes that good books about people from various ethnic groups engage readers in the compounded conflicts of adolescence while helping teenagers discover that they have much in common with their fellow human beings.
• Multicultural Education: Minorities in the Athletic and Academic Arenas
  The academic accomplishments of minorities are not as well known as their athletic accomplishments. In the new millennium, the barriers that limit the expression of true academic acumen of women, African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans must be minimized.
• Staff Development as Self-Development: Extension and Application of Russo's Humanistic-Critical Theory Approach for Humanistic Education and Social Action Integration
  Examines how Russo's humanistic-critical theory for social-action integration requires shifting staff development focused on knowing and caring about others to self-development that includes everyone. Rationale, resources, and successful action-practice models support and extend Russo's theory for responsible social-action education in a multicultural society.
• "A Teacher Wrote This Movie": Challenging the Myths of "One Eight Seven" [movie review]
  Reviews "One Eight Seven," a film about a teacher working with at-risk students. The film is an indictment of U.S.
• A Mean Wink at Authenticity: Chinese Images in Disney's "Mulan."
  Offers a critique from two Chinese educators with regard to the historical, cultural, linguistic, and artistic authenticity of Disney's animated film "Mulan." Argues that the filmmakers robbed the original story of its soul and "ran over Chinese culture with the Disney bulldozer," imposing mainstream cultural beliefs and values. (SR).
• Building on the Best, Learning from What Works: Seven Promising Reading and English Language Arts Programs.
  Part of a series about research-based programs that show promise for raising student achievement (especially in low-performing schools), this paper describes seven promising reading and language arts programs. Each program shows evidence of high standards, effectiveness, replicability, and support structures.
• Multicultural Information Quests: Instant Research Lessons, Grades 5-8
  This book contains multicultural "treasure hunts" designed for use by teachers and librarians working with grades five through eight to: develop students' awareness of cultures other than their own; promote student research that requires using books other than an encyclopedia; provide students with annotated reference lists that may be used for their own research projects; promote research as an educational activity that can be fun; and enhance the curriculum.
• Learning Style Preferences of Asian American (Chinese, Filipino, Korean, and Vietnamese) Students in Secondary Schools
  Investigates for perceptual learning style preferences (auditory, visual, kinesthetic, and tactile) and preferences for group and individual leaning of Chinese, Filipino, Korean, and Vietnamese secondary education students. Comparison analysis reveals diverse learning style preferences between Anglo and Asian American students and also between diverse Asian American groups.
• A Historical Perspective on Title VII Bilingual Education Projects in Hawai'i: Compendium of Promising Practices
  This paper reviews the history of Title VII bilingual education in Hawaii for the purpose of sharing promising practices that have emerged.
• Literature Discussion in the Elementary School Classroom: Developing Cultural Understanding
  One effective instructional technique for promoting cultural awareness and understanding among elementary school students is literature discussion. Literature discussions help children explore multicultural ideas and issues, reading works of culturally relevant literature, then coming together to discuss their personal responses.
• Why Pick on Me? School Exclusion and Black Youth
  This book examines school exclusion in the United Kingdom, particularly the exclusion of black males, using data from the author's experience as an advisory teacher for multicultural education and from four studies of black students. The book highlights school-related determinants of young people's life chances.
• Critical Issue Bibliography (CRIB) Sheet: Multiculturalism and Teaching/Learning.
  The CRitical Issue Bibliography (CRIB) Sheet describes resources concerned with creating a multicultural environment in higher education. Creating a multicultural environment is a combination of recruitment, retention, climate issues, pedagogy and curriculum, organizational values, culture and structure, and faculty and staff development.
• From Theory to Practice: An Analysis of Multicultural Education in an American Pacific Island University
  This study explored multicultural education at a minority university in the Pacific, the University of Guam. The study represented Phase 2 of a research project that began in 1999 with the goal of further understanding the practice of multicultural pedagogy in higher education.
• Experiential Activities for Intercultural Learning. Volume 1
  The need for new approaches, methods, and techniques in cross-cultural training and intercultural education is paramount. This collection of more than 30 exercises and activities aims to help begin a regular flow of materials into the stream of resources available to professionals in the intercultural field.
• Beyond Multicultural Training: Mentoring Stories from Two White American Doctoral Students
  Using a personal self-disclosing format, relates two graduate students' experiences with multicultural training. Narrates each student's story and then offers three points that expand on an article that examines multicultural training for White students in counseling psychology, such as the trainer's need to balance support and confrontation.
• The Culture Wars on Two Fronts: Curriculum and Financing
  A college professor who sometimes appears as a guest on a local radio call-in program discussing contemporary higher education, talks about the nature of the changes occurring in the college curriculum and student population, multicultural education, teaching styles and objectives, trends in access to a college education, and the financial crisis facing colleges and universities. (MSE).
• Expanding the Borders of Liberal Democracy: Multicultural Education and the Struggle for Cultural Identity
  Discusses the relationship between liberal democratic principles and multiculturalism as it applies to implementation of educational policies. An ethnographic/ethnic studies and critical multiculturalism model is proposed to ensure the acknowledgment and empowerment of the ethnic identity of the students.
• Home Was a Horse Stall
  This story of the internment of a Japanese American family during World War II is 1 of 14 stories of intolerance in America in "Us and Them," the text component of a "Teaching Tolerance" curriculum kit, "The Shadow of Hate." The kit includes a video, teacher's guide, and lesson plans. (SLD).
• Homophobia and the Demise of Multicultural Community: Strategies for Change in the Community College
  Looks at teaching strategies for incorporating texts by sexual minorities into writing and literature classrooms, and for handling blatantly homophobic comments. Argues that such comments work to undercut the idea of a writing community.
• Honoring Our Roots and Branches...Our History and Future. Proceedings of the Annual Midwest Research to Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education (19th, Madison, Wisconsin, September 27-29, 2000)
  These proceedings consist of 44 presentations in these categories: distance education and evaluation; community issues and research; multicultural issues and research; teaching and learning; research methods; and organizational development.
• Multiculturalism in Academe: A Source Book. Source Books on Education, Volume 47. Garland Reference Library of Social Science, Volume 980
  This volume is an annotated bibliography that cites over 300 articles, books and other works that document the impact of multiculturalism on higher education during the 1980s and 1990s. Included are publications that address change in both the traditional disciplines and the interdisciplinary fields of women's studies.
• Teachers' Views of the Nature of Multicultural Literacy and Implications for Preservice Teacher Preparation
  Describes a study to investigate teachers' views of multicultural literacy and how it relates to teacher preparation. Analyzes data from three focus groups.
• Life in Japan: A Culture Studies Unit for Grades 7-9. Today's Japan. Corp Author(s): Learning Enrichment, Inc., Williamsburg, VA
  This unit's multidisciplinary approach is well-suited to students in grades 7 through 9. "Life in Japan" is a unit of "Today's Japan": Learning Environment's three level series on Japanese culture.
• Thai Exchange Students' Encounters with Ethnocentrism: Developing a Response for the Secondary Global Education Curriculum
  Reports that previous research showed that many individuals are ethnocentric and lack global awareness. Provides an overview of theories related to ethnocentrism; presents data illustrating attitudes experienced by Thai exchange students in the United States; and introduces a pedagogical approach to global education that minimizes ethnocentrism and enhances global awareness.
• Global Cultures: The First Steps toward Understanding
  Argues that misconceptions about culture, and the vastness of the topic make teaching global cultures difficult. Presents a general model for visually organizing concepts associated with culture that can be used in the classroom.
• Educating the Arab American Child: Implications for Teachers
  This article presents relevant information about Arab American children as a guide for multicultural teachers. Given the alarming impact of cultural conditioning in American society, the previously invisible Arab Americans and their children have become visible in a negative way.
• Teachers and Self-Esteem for Minorities
  Describes the results of a survey of 32 teachers of children with hearing impairments that found teachers wanted to know ways to help minority students develop self-esteem. A list of multicultural resources is provided, along with a recommending elementary reading list of multicultural readings.
• Confluent Education, Multicultural Education, and New Standards for the 21st Century
  This paper describes elements of the "New Standards" program that have been set for selected school districts across the United States and challenges people to assess how conceptions of "confluent education" and "multicultural education" may contribute to reaching the proposed new standards.
• Teachers and Pluralistic Education
  Defines the concept of pluralistic education and discusses its goals. Interviews a number of teachers to investigate their conceptions of education and their response to the idea of pluralistic education.
• Reading the World: Redefining Literature and History Curriculum. A Report from the Multicultural Education Summit Convened by the San Francisco Unified School District. Proceedings (San Francisco, California, March 1998)
  This report documents a 1998 summit that brought together academics and practitioners to discuss the challenges of multicultural education.
• Native American Stories Enhancing Multicultural Education in Elementary Schools
  This paper describes the use of unbiased Native American stories as part of a multicultural perspective in elementary schools. The inclusion of a multicultural perspective will help teach social acceptance rather than separation.
• Hispanic Preschool Education: An Important Opportunity. ERIC/CUE Digest, Number 113
  Hispanic parents have been slow to overcome their historical reluctance to turn their young children over to nonfamily members for care, but the educational boost preschool provides is particularly important for the one-quarter of Hispanic American families who are poor by Federal guidelines.
• Service Learning for a Diverse Society: Research on Children, Youth, and Prejudice
  Reviews psychological and educational research on prejudice and intergroup relations to produce suggestions and guidelines for improving the combined educational goals of service learning and multicultural education. Recommends starting early, emphasizing critical thinking, connecting activities to appropriate stages of cognitive development, and employing role playing and cooperative learning.
• Canadian Mathematics Education Study Group = Groupe Canadien d'Etude en Didactique des Mathematiques. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (25th, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, May 25-29, 2001)
  This document contains the proceedings of the 2001 annual meeting of the Canadian Mathematics Education Study Group (CMESG) held at the University of Alberta, May 25-39, 2000.
• "Joinfostering: Adapting Teaching for the Multilingual Classroom" by Christian J. Faltis. [Book Review]
  Faltis's book succeeds in teaching the real meaning of equality of educational opportunity, as this concept relates to language differences in American classrooms. Content of instruction is hindered when students are taught through a language that differs from the language used at home, because limited-English-proficient students are treated in ways not conducive to learning.
• Teaching Career Counseling Skills and Cultural Sensitivity
  Describes the effectiveness of four innovative techniques for developing cultural sensitivity in career counselors: newsgroups to promote class discussion, supervised practice in multicultural career counseling, Culture Day in which students play the role of a person from a different culture and/or gender, and a noncompetitive grading system. (SK).
• Revista de Investigacion Educativa, 1999 (Journal of Educational Research, 1999).
  In this volume, articles are written in Spanish, focusing on Educational Research, Academic Achievement,Cognitive Style,Cultural Pluralismon the following: intellectual style and academic performance.
• The Contemporary World History Project for Culturally Diverse Students
  Describes the Contemporary World History Project (CWHP), a year-long, two-part program that integrates the study of world problems within a traditional world history curriculum. Outlines the two parts, historical background and a simulation, and the objectives fulfilled by CWHP.
• Leading Young Children to Music. Fifth Edition
  This manual is designed for music and classroom teachers of children from infancy to age eight. All musical experiences lead to learning, from the simplest rhythmic experiences of being rocked to sleep to the more sophisticated challenge of playing one rhythmic pattern while singing another.
• Preservice Teachers' Discussion of a Multicultural Young Adult Novel
  Explores preservice elementary teachers' literature-circle discussion of a multicultural young-adult novel with a focus on two research questions: how preservice teachers discuss a multicultural young-adult novel, and what are the views and theories that informed their understanding of literature response discussion. Participants in the discussion adopted either a literary analysis stance or a personal association stance.
• By Virtue of Being Human
  Describes some efforts to ensure that teachers in the United States understand and teach about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Although the declaration is 50 years old, it is not as well known in the United States as it is in other parts of the world.
• Models of Multiculturalism: Enhancing Immediacy and Relevance When Teaching Cultural Diversity
  Considers today's students the "postguilt generation." Proposes that teachers reconsider the way that students are exposed to issues of race, gender, class, and sexuality, creating class activities that allow students to experience the boundaries and definitions of identity. Presents three models of classroom activities.
• Best Practices for High School Classrooms: What Award-Winning Secondary Teachers Do
  This book provides guidance on high-impact teaching practices, offering first-hand accounts of award-winning teachers.
• Why Not Start a Steel Band?
  Suggests expanding the eclectic nature of a band program by creating a steel band, a Caribbean-based percussion ensemble. The steel band complements multicultural education and attracts students to the music program.
• Strategic Plan for International Education, Phase I. Exemplary International Programs.
  The document presents the proceedings of a meeting convened to design a strategic plan for international education to be adopted by Pima Community College (PCC) (Arizona). The meeting's main objective was to position the college strategically in the international education marketplace and to define the term "international education" as it pertains to PCC.
• In the Process of Becoming Multicultural: Reflections of a First Year Teacher
  Discusses how although the author knew she only had meager training in teaching multicultural literature, she was committed to teaching it because she believes in its importance and influence on impressionable minds. Describes an incident where she was confronted with an anonymous note criticizing her teaching of African American Literature.
• Assessing Students' Attitudes and Achievements in a Multicultural and Multilingual Science Classroom
  Takes a qualitative and quantitative look at the curriculum and teaching of a two-way immersion eighth-grade solar energy science classroom and examines its implications for education policy and reform. Results for a class of 25 students indicate that the approach increases the retention rate of Hispanic students.
• Professional careers and professional development- some intersections.
  
• Beyond Internationalization: Multicultural Education in the Professional Writing Contact Zone
  Makes a case for multiculturalism in professional communication studies by examining how international issues have influenced a move from an instrumental to a social orientation. Argues that although multiculturalism in professional communication aligns it with composition studies, it also brings a range of pedagogical, practical, and ethical challenges similar to those faced by composition instructors.
• The Jewish Ethical Tradition in the Modern University
  Proposes an interpretation of pluralism and multiculturalism that separates these concepts from the notions of relativism. Asserts that the inclusion of formerly excluded cultural traditions such as Judaism in North American universities has been a give-and-take enterprise.
• Becoming Multicultural: Focusing on the Process
  Focuses on the importance of helping students develop intercultural competence and suggests ways to integrate activities for this purpose into instruction. Activities are presented to promote effective student strategies for intercultural competence.
• Enhancing Intercultural Competence: Begin with the Family
  To increase intercultural competence, early childhood educators must think globally and act locally, providing their young students with an awareness of different cultures. Teachers can begin and continue the process of teaching intercultural competence by focusing on the family unit.
• Integration of Peace Education into Multicultural Education/Global Education
  This paper presents the view that prevailing resentment against new immigrants and other ethnic minorities has clarified for many educators the need for teaching all students skills to resolve conflicts and reduce violence in schools. The paper advocates that peace education be integrated with multicultural education as a way for students to learn these skills, and elaborates on a multidisciplinary approach to the integration of peace education, including links to psychology and political science.
• Scaling Up School Restructuring in Multicultural, Multilingual Contexts: Early Observations from Sunland County
  Examines implementation of various restructuring designs in 13 elementary schools in the culturally, linguistically, and ethnically diverse Sunland County Public School District (Florida). Preliminary findings indicate a variance in implementation across sites and suggest demographic and numeric shifts in student population, lack of teacher participation in program selection, and multiplicity of programs as possible explanations for this variability.
• A Two-Way Bilingual Program: Promise, Practice, and Precautions
  In spite of political pressure, bilingualism is emerging as a strategy for improving the academic achievement of all students. Two-way bilingual or dual-language programs integrate language-minority and language-majority students for instruction in two languages.
• Curriculum: Toward New Identities. Critical Education Practice, Volume 12. Garland Reference Library of Social Science, Volume 1135
  This collection of essays draws upon research in political, feminist, theological, literary, and racial theory to examine research methodologies relating to curriculum studies.
• Global Winners: 74 Learning Activities for Inside and Outside the Classroom
  This book provides 74 learning activities to help K-12 students, college students, and even seniors develop the global perspective needed for the 21st century. Each learning exercise is preceded by an introduction that sets the theme of the activity and states its purpose or objective.
• Teachers' Perspectives on Their Work with Families in a Bilingual Community
  Reviews research on teacher-parent relations, integrating three teachers' perspectives on their work with families in a bilingual community. Describes observations and interviews with teachers and parents over a school year that offer data for an in-depth analysis of teachers' perspectives on teacher-parent interactions in this setting.
• Flossie Ebonics: Subtle Sociolinguistic Messages in "Flossie and the Fox."
  Considers the recent Ebonics debate, and examines Patricia McKissack's use of dialects in her book "Flossie and the Fox." Points out its subtle yet meaningful lessons about the intersection of language and culture, and suggests a pedagogy that honors students' home language while accepting responsibility for offering them ways to switch language codes. (SR).
• Teaching and Learning in Multicultural Schools: An Integrated Approach. Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 13
  The book outlines approaches and strategies that schools and teachers can adopt to provide educational experiences meeting the needs of all learners in culturally diverse schools and classrooms, especially those in areas in which new immigrants settle.
• Multicultural Education in Collegiate Family and Consumer Sciences Programs: Developing Cultural Competence
  Responding administrators (204 of 507) in college family and consumer sciences units indicated that more than 50% had multicultural goals and objectives; in the upper division, 80% had multicultural courses. Perceived deterrents were lack of financial resources, preparation time, and time in current courses.
• The Business Education Index 1996. Index of Business Education Articles and Research Studies Compiled from a Selected List of Periodicals Published during the Year 1996. Volume 57
  This index, which was compiled from a selected list of 45 periodicals published in 1996, lists more than 2,000 business education articles and research studies.
• Postmodernism and James A. Banks' Multiculturalism: The Limits of Intellectual History
  Investigates the influence of intellectual and political concerns in James Banks' account of multiculturalism, examining his embrace of and hesitations regarding postmodernism, and suggesting that the reasons for this hesitation lie in the tensions between his civic and moral commitments and the radical and skeptical implications of postmodernist theory. The paper examines Banks' earlier attempts to marry multiculturalism and the modern empiricist paradigm of social science.
• Shaping Teachers' Minds: Reflections on Cultural Discourse
  This paper highlights certain cultural models that have been effective in swaying culturally inexperienced teachers to reflect upon their attitudes and biases toward culture and literacy. It presents the actual reflections of student teachers as they respond to learning about cultural models of learning and discourse that may differ from their own.
• To Touch the Spirit of the Child: A Multicultural Perspective
  Describes educational thinkers who pursue the intangibles in relation to children's education, and argues these intangibles are equally important as developing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills. Enumerates the universal needs of the educational process as including dialog (good listening and observation), bonding, and a spiritual perspective on the human condition.
• White Racism, White Supremacy, White Privilege, and the Social Construction of Race: Moving from Modernist to Postmodernist Multiculturalism
  Explores a concept of postmodernist multiculturalism that corrects the misconceptions of the modernist paradigm that has perpetuated a white supremacist ideology. Calls for a postmodernist pedagogy and teaching strategies that allow for multiple perspectives on race and ethnicity.
• The University in Transformation: Global Perspectives on the Futures of the University
  This book examines emerging trends and issues that promise to change the face of the university in the 21st century. The book is divided into four sections: chapters in the first section examine the future of higher education in the Western hemisphere, which given the dominating position of Western universities has direct and structural implications for the rest of the world; the second section examines the university in the nonwest, offering various modernist, scholar/activist, dissenting, and multicultural approaches; the third section examines alternative universities; and two concluding chapters summarize the discussions and offer alternative paths to the future.
• Teaching What's Dangerous: Ethical Practice in Music Education
  Proposes the educational activities in a modern, multicultural society and explains that these aims have strong implications for the ethical import of music education. States that music has a significant role in the personal and social development of students.
• The Formative Evaluation of Years 1 and 2 of a Pilot Multicultural/Antiracist Educational Leadership Program
  This paper describes the evaluation approach, techniques, and instruments adopted during the first 2 years of a 3-year multicultural/antiracist educational leadership program in 4 Canadian provinces involving approximately 200 secondary students. The formative evaluation of these two years was aimed at program achievement.
• Reading "The Star Fisher": Toward Critical and Sociological Interpretations of Immigrant Literature
  Proposes a critical-sociological approach to analyzing immigrant literature, noting that for many students, their only contact with immigrants may be through representations in children's literature. Examines how Chinese immigrants to the United States are represented in Laurence Yep's (1992) "The Star Fisher," discussing how the issues of race, class, and ideology influence Yep's construction and representation of Chinese immigrant subjectivities.
• Bibliography of Race Equity/Multicultural Library Materials. 1996 Spring/Summer Edition.
  This annotated bibliography includes all of the race equity and multicultural materials available from the Nebraska Department of Education's Equal Educational Opportunity Project. A table listing works by author's last name provides quick access to the topic and grade level.
• Multicultural Education in the United States and Japan
  This paper compares multicultural education in U.S. and Japanese schools, analyzing multicultural education from the ethnic perspective.
• Boys Will Be Men: Raising Our Sons for Courage, Caring and Community
  This book offers practical advice on how to rear sons to become the kind of men needed for a multicultural and democratic society. Suggestions are given for dealing with racism, homophobia, pornography, drugs, social class problems, consumerism, sex, and violence.
• Asian, American, and Deaf: A Framework for Professionals
  Presents a multicultural framework for thinking about, assessing, and working with people with deafness from Asian and Asian Deaf backgrounds. Emphasis is placed on cultural awareness and cultural competence for professionals and on building bridges across cultural networks.
• Preparing Special Educators To Meet the Needs of Students Who Are Learning English as a Second Language and Are Visually Impaired: A Monograph
  This monograph describes a personnel preparation program that prepared 32 Colorado special education graduates to meet the needs of students who are learning English as a second language and are visually impaired.
• Project Change Evaluation Research Brief
  Project Change is a community-driven anti-racism initiative operating in four communities: Albuquerque, New Mexico; El Paso, Texas; Knoxville, Tennessee; and Valdosta, Georgia. The formative evaluation of Project Change began in 1994 when all of the sites were still in planning or early action phases.
• Multicultural Mental Health Training Program: Researcher Projects with Ethnically Diverse Communities
  This paper contains summaries of research projects of three graduate students participating in the Multicultural Mental Health Training Program at the University of South Florida's Florida Mental Health Institutes. The students' work involved the development of evaluation or research projects with ethnically diverse minority communities.
• Common Schools/Uncommon Identities: National Unity and Cultural Difference
  This book examines issues of national and cultural identity in a multicultural society. It focuses on the educational aims of societies that are committed to liberal democratic principles, societies that support members of different cultural groups so that these groups may flourish.
• Using Multicultural Cinderella Books To Engage Students in Comprehension Strategies. Classroom Connections
  Teachers can help their young students build a strong foundation for multicultural understanding by introducing them to stories from many cultures and teaching them to use the cognitive strategies that enable them to comprehend and experience cultures different from their own. Multicultural literature can become a powerful tool that illustrates for children the similarities that exist between cultures and begins to ease cultural prejudice and intolerance.
• The World She Dreamed, Generations She Shared, Visions She Wrote: A Tribute to Virginia Hamilton 1936-2002
  Presents a tribute to Virginia Hamilton. Notes that at a time when Black people, especially girls, were seriously beginning to struggle with self-acceptance and self-worth, Hamilton's "bold and imaginative writing was nothing short of revolutionary." (SG).
• Hidden Messages: Instructional Materials for Investigating Culture
  This book, intended to be used in the middle and high school classroom, provides teachers with unique ideas and lesson plans for exploring culture and adding a multicultural perspective to diverse subjects. "Hidden messages" are the messages of culture that are entwined in everyday lives, but which are seldom recognized or appreciated for the powerful influence they have on the way people think and behave.
• Teachers' perceptions of administrative support.
  This report summarizes results of a survey of special educators regarding first, their working conditions related to central office support and, second, the impact of administrative support on their job satisfaction, commitment, and intent to leave. Major findings regarding teacher attitudes toward central office administrators include a perceived administrative distance with a sense of being managed from a distance and a lack of proactive assistance and a perceived dissonance in priorities and values between teachers and central office administrators.
• Dream of Peace, To Dare To Stay the Violence, To Do the Work of the Peacemaker
  This essay focuses on teachers as peacemakers. Peace education is discussed as multifaceted and cross-disciplinary, emphasizing the teaching of peace, nonviolence, conflict resolution, social justice, economic well-being, political participation, and environmental concern.
• Going Beyond Cultural Pluralism: Science Education for Sociopolitical Action
  Combines some guiding principles of antiracist education with Vygotskian notions of education as enculturation to produce a set of proposals for a radical form of multicultural science education for sociopolitical action. Outlines a radical form of curriculum development involving the politicization of teachers as the only effective way of implementing such a curriculum.
• The Power of the Word: Centrality of Diverse Literature in the American Canon
  Advocates the wide use of multicultural literature by English/language arts teachers. Suggests that good historical fiction teaches history.
• The Problem of Interactions in World History
  Accepts cross-cultural interaction as an appropriate criterion for periodizing world history, but notes implications of this scheme that may be broader than they appear. Calls for an explicit contrast of periodizations based on different criteria to illustrate their strengths and weaknesses.
• Hispanic Literature: A Fiesta for Literacy Instruction
  Discusses how literature can facilitate students' appreciation of the multifaceted Hispanic culture. Offers advice on merging Hispanic literature and literacy instruction, organizing children's books by category to help structure classroom activities, exploring themes and cultural concepts, and integrating literacy/thinking strategies with Hispanic literature.
• Dimensions of the Community College: International, Intercultural, and Multicultural Perspectives. Garland Studies in Higher Education, Volume 6. Garland Reference Library of Social Science, Volume 1075
  This two-part monograph provides a theoretical and practical analyses of intercultural and multicultural education programs.
• Value Commitment, Social Change, and Personal Narrative
  Inspired by Paulo Freire, Professor Peter Mayo subscribes to a value-committed sociology--an inclusive social vision that embraces social relations and human-earth relations. Critical pedagogy figures prominently in the sociology of education group within the University of Alberta's educational foundations curriculum.
• High Stakes Down Under for Indigenous Peoples: Learning from Maori Education in New Zealand; An Outsiders Perspective
  This paper examines the education of New Zealand's Maori people, noting historical achievement and enrollment gaps between Maori and non-Maori students. This gap is due to family economics, educational resources, cultural and racial barriers at school, negative school attitudes among older Maori students, and the student achievement testing system.
• Preventing Substance Abuse from Undermining Permanency Planning: Competencies at the Intersection of Culture, Chemical Dependency, and Child Welfare
  Understanding the overlap between culture, race, substance misuse, and maltreatment is central to implementing better permanent plans for children and their families. Examines the intersection of these areas and presents a typology of five competency areas for culturally relevant substance abuse knowledge, attitudes, and skills to strengthen permanency planning and family continuity for children of color.
• Integrating Western and Aboriginal Sciences: Cross-Cultural Science Teaching
  Addresses issues of social power and privilege experienced by Aboriginal students in science classrooms. Presents a rationale for a cross-cultural science education dedicated to all students making personal meaning out of their science classes.
• Teaching Tools
  Reviews books and videos for multicultural education and cultural awareness in elementary and secondary classrooms. The 28 works reviewed focus on gender and minority experiences, U.S.
• "Leyendas" (Legends): Connecting Reading Cross-Culturally
  Describes how using the Hispanic tale "La Llorona" can help teachers connect cross-culturally with their students for enhanced literacy instruction. Describes ways "La Llorona" may be used in courses for preservice education majors and in elementary and middle-grade classes.
• Teacher Expectations of Multicultural Exceptional Learners: Impact on "Accuracy" of Self-Concepts
  This paper uses case studies of culturally diverse exceptional learners to illustrate the impact of teacher expectations on the "accuracy" or "inaccuracy" of student self-concepts. In addition, innovative techniques that reduce stereotypic labels and enhance "accurate" self-concepts are discussed.
• Surviving School Reform: A Year in the Life of One School
  This book tells the story of one year in the life of Jefferson Elementary School (pseudonym for a real school), which was selected to participate in the state's "School for the Twenty-first Century" program. The faculty and principal proposed to build a developmental community school based on the following components: whole language, cooperative learning, multicultural education, an integrated curriculum, multiage grouping, technology, and mainstreaming of special-needs children.
• This Is Me: In Search of Your Own Story. Working Papers in Early Childhood Development No. 24
  Consisting of both a theoretical and practical component, this paper describes the development of the educational kit, "This is Me," a Dutch program to prevent the development of prejudice in young children.
• Write the Vision: Teaching Multicultural Literature from a Global Perspective (Global Issues)
  Outlines the use in senior high school of the Canadian novel "Obasan" by Joy Kogawa. Suggests that not only the novel's social vision but also the call for personal integrity and expression against the status quo will appeal to the adolescent reader's sense of justice and idealism.
• Multicultural Education in Teacher Training (Curriculum Guide for Universities)
  The Slovak society is in the process of transformation. The main direction of transformation is political, from the totalitarian to the democratic society.
• Culturally diverse students in special education: Legacies and prospects
  
• Integrating Music into the Elementary Classroom. Fourth Edition
  This book emphasizes the importance of enriching children's lives by making music a central part of the elementary school curriculum. The book provides guidelines for elementary teachers with limited experience as well as music specialists.
• Pathways to Teacher Learning in Multicultural Contexts: A Longitudinal Case Study of Two Novice Bilingual Teachers in Urban Schools
  This longitudinal case study focused on the learning trajectories of two novice bilingual education teachers in urban schools. Changes in and relationships between these teachers’ knowledge, beliefs, and interactive thinking about teaching culturally diverse learners were traced.
• The International Assembly
  Looks at the missions and goals of the International Assembly of the National Council of Teachers of English, a global multicultural network promoting communication and cooperation for international exchange of teaching practices, literature, literacy, curriculum development, and research in English. Suggests some criteria to look at when developing an international curriculum.
• Approaching Change: One School's Approach to Multicultural Education and Raising the Achievement of African Caribbean Students
  Describes Holy Family College's (London) relationship with Waltham Forest's African Caribbean Attainment Project designed to identify and assess the needs of Caribbean students of African heritage and to raise their academic achievement. How the secondary school maximized the benefits of this partnership is highlighted.
• Tibetans and Tibetan Americans: Helping K-8 School Librarians and Educators Understand Their History, Culture, and Literature
  Provides a review and listing of literature for K-8 school librarians and teachers that focuses on the geography, history, and culture of Tibet and the diverse experiences and folklore of Tibetans. Includes references, other recommended works, and an annotated bibliography divided into folklore, biography, culture and history, fiction, videos, and Web sites of interest.
• Teaching and Learning about the Holocaust through Visiting an Exhibition
  Evaluates a teaching initiative that aimed to teach about the Holocaust through a traveling exhibit on Anne Frank. Data from 10 case study schools show the success of the approach and some ways in which the teaching relevance might have been strengthened.
• Opening Doors with Informal Science: Exposure and Access for Our Underserved Students
  The Young Scholars Program at The Ohio State University is a 6-year pre-collegiate intervention program designed to prepare academically talented, economically disadvantaged minority students for college education. This study describes the success of this effort to reshape the traditional presentation of agriculture.
• Experience, Subjectivity and Christian Religious Education: Canadian Catholic Education in the 21st Century
  Canadian Catholic education has increasingly been defended from a theological rather than a philosophical position. This article reflects on how the contemporary stress on experience and subjectivity influences Canadian religious education and how these qualities may fashion a distinct, pluralistic Canadian Catholic education for the future.
• Integrating Media Literacy into a World Literature Course
  States that to combat the media onslaught, teachers need to teach their students to be aware of, to evaluate, and to become literate in their understanding and their deployment of the media. Describes strategies used to teach a course in world literature for gifted 12th graders which uses the mass media to impart a multicultural viewpoint.
• Where Does Ethnomathematics Stand Nowadays?
  Shares perspectives on the history and current status of ethnomathematics. Speculates as to whether this field is revisionist and discusses the features of ethnomathematics that distinguish it from mathematics.
• Continuity and Reform: A New Discourse for Discussion of Change in Schools
  Reforms are a series of beginnings and endings to disconnected events in discussions of school change. However, changes in education are interrelated and can be more effective when viewed accordingly.
• The Early Childhood Curriculum: Current Findings in Theory and Practice. Third Edition. Early Childhood Education Series
  Continuing pressures on all of education to fully prepare children for the role of citizen intensifies the need for early childhood educators to respond to the questions of what is taught and what content young children are learning. Designed as a resource for early childhood educators, this book offers an overview of various theories, research bases, and practices in curriculum content areas in early childhood education and addresses current issues such as inclusion and multiculturalism.
• Big as Life: The Everyday Inclusive Curriculum. Volume 2
  This guide is intended to assist early childhood teachers in integrating multicultural, anti-bias education into the curriculum. Following an introduction discussing the goals and elements of a transformative curriculum, Part 1 of this volume presents curriculum units on animals, community, foods, friends, heroes and "sheroes," money, senses, and work.
• Constructivism and Multicultural Education: A Mighty Pedagogical Merger
  Examines three ways that constructivism is aligned with multicultural education in formal educational environments: (1) learners organize ideas in unique ways; (2) learners' self-awareness and self-concept influence learning; and (3) a learner's personal history filters new information. (GR).
• Multicultural Literature and Gifted Black Students: Promoting Self-Understanding, Awareness, and Pride
  This article focuses on recommended literature for gifted black and other minority students. The use of bibliotherapy with gifted students is described and recommendations are presented for using multicultural literature, along with guidelines for selecting high quality multicultural literature.
• Bilingual School Teachers' Cultural Mission and Practices in Alberta Before 1940
  Explores how bilingual school teachers in the past (1934-39) in Alberta (Canada) responded to competing Francophone and Anglophone ideological cultural reproduction discourses in their curriculum practices. Studies how the exercise of power can influence teachers' decisions to either give legitimacy or resist reproducing in their classrooms certain forms of knowledge and cultural orientations.
• Engaging Black Learners in Adult and Community Education. NIACE Lifelines in Adult Learning
  This guide explains how adult and community education (ACE) providers across Great Britain can engage black learners in ACE by making their learning programs relevant, challenging, and appropriate to adult learners from black and minority groups.
• Reflections and Visions: An Interview with Rudine Sims Bishop
  Discusses Rudine Sims Bishop's allegory of "window and mirrors" in relation to multicultural children's literature. Notes that Sims insists that children need to be involved with literature which not only allows them to see through the window to the world around them, but also to see themselves mirrored in the texts with which they come into contact.
• Archaeology and Intercultural Education in the Elementary Grades: An Example from Minnesota
  Advocates the use of archaeology and anthropology as tools for delivering multicultural education in the elementary setting. Argues that archaeology demonstrates to children the ways that various cultures have solved problems related to a common set of human needs.
• Growing Good Citizens with a World-Centered Curriculum
  Advocates changing world history curriculum to emphasize multiculturalism and global citizenship. (PKP).
• The Linguistic Minority Parents' Perceptions of Bilingual Education
  A study examined linguistic minority parents' views on bilingual education, motivated by recurrent controversy surrounding public school provision of bilingual education for language minority students. Multiple-choice questionnaires in English and Spanish were answered by 299 Latino parents whose children were enrolled in bilingual education classes at six elementary and four middle schools in the Los Angeles (California) area.
• Cultural Awareness Education in Early Childhood Education
  A cultural awareness curriculum was implemented in one multicultural kindergarten class in a Los Angeles suburb school. The project, intended to foster ethnic pride and reduce ethnic prejudice, began the first week of school and extended for 2 months.
• The Family Tree: Nurturing Language Growth through "All the Parts of Me."
  Describes a month-long project in an eighth-grade English classroom in which students (from many countries, many of them immigrants) read an array of bicultural literature, and each researched, wrote, and compiled a many-faceted Family Tree notebook. Shows how students can achieve both their own cultural authenticity and English language competence without loss of personal voice.
• Culture Kits for the Elementary Classroom
  Outlines an instructional unit where students construct culture kits illustrating a specific culture. Culture kits are constructed out of realia and other material including maps, travel brochures, photographs, newspapers, souvenirs, and other items.
• Teaching about Arab Americans: What Social Studies Teachers Should Know
  External influences in the universal culture have significantly affected the image of Arab Americans and their children. Although Arab Americans are less visible than other minorities, the anti-Arab perception in the media makes them more visible in a negative way.
• Equity for Black Americans in Precollege Science
  Explores many of the experiences that Black Americans have in science education in the United States and proposes changes so that Black Americans have an equitable opportunity to engage in and learn quality science. Suggestions include preparing multicultural science teachers, eliminating tracking in schools, equipping classes with science curriculum materials and technology, and supplying financial resources.
• Sociocultural Factors Affecting School Culture for African American Students: A Case Study
  The case study of an all-male Catholic college preparatory school illustrates that, although the school appears to be a model school, African American students do not feel connected to the school community or culture, and many experience alienation, frustration, and racial prejudice at the school. Initial interview questions were pretested with 10 students, and then surveys of 66 members of the larger student population and 10 faculty members were conducted.
• Resisting the Pendulum Swing: Informed Perspectives on Education Controversies
  Designed to offer more than slogans and buzzwords to practitioners who are grappling with an array of education controversies, this book provides classroom teachers with a spectrum of information about current controversies so that they will be better equipped to blend action with reflection. The book deliberately resists extremes and argues for less contentious points of view.
• Multicultural Education: Reflection on Theory and Practice
  The 21 papers review the most recent research approaches to multicultural education and discuss initiatives for new methods of teaching and learning.
• Iroquois Corn in a Culture-Based Curriculum: A Framework for Respectfully Teaching about Cultures. SUNY Series, the Social Context of Education
  This book offers a new culture-based framework that provides a way to research and develop curricula based on respect for diverse cultures. The Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) culture is used as an example to examine the reasons for prevailing stereotypes about American Indians and to explain how those stereotypes became the standard curriculum taught in America.
• Technology and Teacher Preparation: Towards a Humanistic Framework
  This paper examines the place of technology in augmenting future teachers' conceptual awareness and professional skills, highlighting major assumptions about integrating technology into teacher preparation programs (e.g., students have some level of technological literacy prior to entering school, computers are basic necessities in today's schools, and technological literacy is a major skill that must be integrated in education).
• Beyond the Boundaries of Tradition: Cultural Treasures in a High School Theatre Arts Program
  Argues that canonical plays must be critically engaged rather than "handed down," with students discovering much about themselves and each other through their own engagement. Describes how a high-school acting class examined the dramatic work of Latino/a playwright for their in-class scene work, and used student experiences to create their own scenes about experiences with prejudice.
• Elastic Geometry and Storyknifing: A Yup'ik Eskimo Example
  Introduces elastic geometry, or topology, into the elementary classroom through the study of connecting the intuitive, visual, and spatial components of storyknifing as well as other everyday and ethnomathematical activities. (ASK).
• Learning and Not Learning English: Latino Students in American Schools. Multicultural Education Series
  This book examines the experiences of four Mexican children in American middle schools struggling to learn English. It discusses policy and instructional dilemmas surrounding English language education for immigrant children.
• In Support of Civil Rights: Taking On the Initiative. LEAP (Leadership Education for Asian Pacifics, Inc.) Special Report, Proposition 209, "The California Civil Rights Initiative."
  Proposition 209 is a statewide constitutional amendment initiative in California, which, if passed in November 1996, will eliminate all statewide affirmative action programs. It is argued that, contrary to its title, this amendment is an extreme and unnecessary measure that will actually undermine further advances in civil rights.
• Salary-Trend Study of Faculty in Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies for the Years 1996-97 and 1999-00
  This report is part of an annual national survey that examines salaries of full-time teaching faculty in 54 selected academic disciplines. Data for the study were collected from a total of 296 public and 390 private four-year institutions from the baseline year of 1996-97 to the trend year of 1999-2000.
• Social Constructivism and the School Literacy Learning of Students of Diverse Backgrounds
  Suggests social constructivism offers implications for reshaping schooling to correct the gap between the literacy achievement of students of diverse backgrounds and that of mainstream students. Proposes a conceptual framework.
• Language, Literature, and Learning in the ESL Classroom
  Argues that English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) teaching should begin with meaning through immersion in literature and incorporate language study. Describes offering an inclusive sampling of North American literature.
• The Educational System of Israel. Contributions to the Study of Education, Number 70
  Although it has many features in common with other national educational systems in developed countries, the Israeli educational system has unique characteristics derived from both Jewish tradition and modern history, as well as from national revival over the last century.
• Redefining "American" and "Literature": Bridging the Borders with "La Llorona."
  Describes the authors' experiences teaching the "weeping women" archetype in the oral tale of "La Llorona," and involving students in the tradition of story telling and folklore. Shows how these activities helped to redefine "American" and "literature," to link diverse cultures and communities, and to introduce students to literary terminology and critical approaches.
• Moving from an Obsolete Lingo to a Vocabulary of Respect
  In the postcolonial era, vocabulary must be developed that communicates a belief in equality through word choices that promote respect. Citizens of the global community have the right to name themselves, define their histories, and live according to their cultures.
• Second Language Study in Elementary Schools
  To help students compete in a global economy, American teachers must begin teaching children a second language at an early age. Describes the advantages of learning a second language at the elementary school level, highlighting three currently-used language programs (immersion, Foreign Language in the Elementary Schools, and Foreign Language Experience) that facilitate second language learning.
• The Politics of Multicultural Education in South Africa: Vogue, Oxymoron or Political Paralysis
  Argues against using American-style multicultural education in South African higher education and suggests that transitory nation-states would first need to adopt Africentric reformism in order to recapture their value system before incorporating multiculturalism into the curriculum. The relevance of the multicultural model to South Africa and why its implementation should be deferred is discussed.
• Native American Perspectives
  On the Fajada Butte in New Mexico, 11th-century Anasazi constructed a site that marks the high and low points of the orbits of the sun and the moon. This unit on astronomy challenges students to think differently about the moon and about the ability of native people to understand the natural world.
• Nailing Jell-O To the Wall
  Discusses various facets of curriculum theorizing in education, describing five characteristics of contemporary curriculum theorizing and expanding on two: (1) the politics of social and cultural theory and social difference, which undergirds and is the dominant premise from which much curriculum, theorizing is currently undertaken and (2) the struggle between traditionalist and reconceptualization approaches to curriculum theorizing. (SM).
• World Saver Center
  Conservation is a concern for all cultures, and children are familiar with this concept because of recycling in their homes and home towns. The World Saver Center, an example of the thematic approach to learning, is designed to allow children to experiment with concepts of conservation in a familiar setting.
• Critical Issues in Social Studies Research for the 21st Century. Research in Social Education Series
  Social studies is a field struggling to reconcile multiple and, at times, conflicting rationales. The beginning of a century is an appropriate time to reflect on the condition of social studies and to question where the world has been and where it is going.
• Promoting Multicultural Understanding and Positive Self-Concept through a Distance Learning Community: Cultural Connections
  Explores the effectiveness of distance learning and multimedia technologies in facilitating an expanded learning community between geographically separated elementary and secondary schools with Hispanic students in Texas. Highlights include the Cultural Connections program; teacher collaboration; curricular activities; identity-forming multicultural activities; interactive videoconferencing; multicultural understanding; and students' positive self-concept.
• Children's Understanding and Attitudes about People from Other Countries
  This study compared the impact of an international educational program with that of a multicultural educational kindergarten program. A convenience sample of 13 children participated in a university-based full day international education kindergarten program.
• Recommended Books about Latinos for Children and Adolescents
  Reviews children's and adolescents' literature on the influence of Latinos in the United States, focusing on books in the following categories: the arts, fiction, literature, simple and interesting, and reference materials (encyclopedias and reference guides). (SM).
• Television: A One-Way Bridge between Cultures? Objectives for a Curriculum on Television
  Examines television as a means for providing multicultural education. Discusses the influence of television on children, the stereotypical message of television, how ethnic groups are portrayed, and objectives for a curriculum on television.
• Prospective Teachers' Attitudes toward Urban Schools: Can They Be Changed?
  Studied the impact of urban-based field experience on the attitudes of 75 elementary-education majors. The effects of the field experience were generally positive, with 55% of the urban placement group indicating that they were inclined to pursue inner-city teaching, compared to 20% of the suburban placement group of 101 students.
• Implementing Change at the Pre-Primary Level in a School in India
  Examines an initiative to introduce a multicultural- and whole-language-based early childhood curriculum in a private school in New Delhi, India. Considers the planning of the change from traditional education; the creation of an activity room for free play; parental responses to the new program; and factors that facilitated the change process.
• Understanding Puerto Rican Culture Using Puerto Rican Children's Literature
  Presents examples of Puerto Rican children's literature, explaining how these books facilitate understanding of Puerto Rican culture. Describes criteria used to evaluate Puerto Rican children's literature and how to acquire the books using Puerto Rican bookstores, publishers, and distributors.
• Supporting Multicultural Awareness at Learning Centers
  Suggests that through the integration of positive multicultural experiences and materials into common classroom activities, teachers can help ensure an understanding of these concepts and enrich children's experiences with diverse populations and subjects. (SW).
• Trends and Issues in Urban Education, 1998
  This report examines several important trends and issues in urban education and minority education. It reviews major principles for rethinking urban schooling so that students from diverse racial, ethnic, linguistic, and gender groups will be able to receive a more equal education, and it considers specific issues in their education.
• The Limits of Educational Policy and Practice? The Case of Ethnic Minorities in The Netherlands
  Describes four types of immigrants to The Netherlands since World War II and three phases of educational policies aimed at compensating for their educational disadvantages. Discusses the disappointing outcomes of compensatory education, bilingual education, intercultural education, and preschool and early school programs, and describes the government's radical new approach involving decentralization, deregulation, and local autonomy.
• Developing Globally Literate Leaders
  Suggests a need to reexamine core competencies of executives and developing world-class organizations. Provides 12 steps to achieving globally competent leaders.
• Trends and Issues in English Instruction, 1999--Six Summaries. Summaries of Informal Annual Discussions of the Commissions of the National Council of Teachers of English
  This 16th annual report presents information on current trends and issues informally discussed by the directors of six National Council of Teachers of English commissions.
• Text Design Patterns in the Writing of Urban African American Students: Teaching to the Cultural Strengths of Students in Multicultural Settings
  Detailed text analysis was used to examine the expository writing patterns of four academically successful African American high school students. These bidialectic students brought culturally influenced text design patterns into the classroom.
• Multicultural Education from a Pedagogical Perspective: A Response to Radical Critiques
  Critically reviews radical critiques of multicultural education from a pedagogical perspective, revealing agreement between radical and multicultural discourse about transformative pedagogy, exemplifying a body of literature about pedagogical struggles not recognized by radical critics, and encouraging interchange between these groups in regard to critical multicultural education. (Author/SM).
• Many Peoples, One Land: A Guide to New Multicultural Literature for Children and Young Adults
  This book covers works of fiction, oral tradition, and poetry published from 1994 through 1999, and is deemed suitable for young people from preschool through high school. The book deals with four major ethnic groups within the United States: African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native-American Indians.
• Cultural Diversity, Families, and the Special Education System: Communication and Empowerment
  
• Multicultural and Globalized Education: International Students' Perspective
  This study examined the nature and needs of international students in American higher education within the context of multicultural and globalized educational programs and support services. Most international students are considered developmental upon admission into postsecondary institutions.
• Partnership Teaching: Success for All Children Using Math as a Vehicle
  Using a constructivist and multicultural approach, math skills were taught in urban elementary classrooms. Acceptance of self and others, teamwork, problem solving, and critical thinking were emphasized.
• Meet the Culture Assistants
  Describes the Japanese Language and Culture Assistants Program, which sent over 100 Japanese volunteers to teach Japanese language and culture in U.S. schools.
• Helping Students Learn to Get Along: Assessing the Effectiveness of a Multicultural Developmental Guidance Project
  Tested the effectiveness of a framework that linked developmental and multicultural counseling theories for use among elementary-school-age students (n=117). Designed to help students develop a variety of social and interpersonal skills that would increase their ability to resolve conflicts resulting from negative prejudices, the intervention was successful.
• The Structuring of the Mediterranean Space within the Education System in Australia
  Examines how the Southern European Mediterranean immigrants to Australia attempted to contribute to the making of an educational system that would cater to their real or imagined cultural ecology and educational curriculum. An economic rationale is suggested for the Australian model of multiculturalism and its impact on education.
• Billy's Story: Grammar in Context (Rainbow Teachers/Rainbow Students)
  Shows how teaching grammar through writing can be a successful strategy. Points out the steps one teacher used in teaching a writing and grammar process with her sixth graders and illustrates its effectiveness, both with one high-risk student and also through a school disruption caused by fire.
• Exploring Multicultural Themes through Picture Books
  Advocates inclusion of multicultural picture books in social studies instruction to offer different outlooks and visions in a short format. Describes selection of picture books with multicultural themes and those that represent various cultures, gender equity, and religious themes.
• Technology Meets Diversity
  Describes the development of an electronic book that provides a forum on the history and culture of Native Americans in the Lakota Nation. Illustrates how such multimedia programs can help teachers with multicultural education.
• "Festivals of Light": A Multicultural Celebration in Brooklyn
  Describes a celebration developed by children, staff, and parents at Morris L. Eisenstein Learning Center (Brooklyn, New York) to share the customs of Diwali, Hannukah, Loi Krathong, Kwanzaa, Nacimiento, and Christmas with the diverse student population.
• The "Strangers" among Us. The Social Construction of Identity in Adult Education. Linkoping Studies in Education and Psychology No. 61
  A study examined the labeling practices in the multicultural discourse in two adult education settings in Sweden: a day folk high school and a municipal adult education center. A total of 33 students and 9 staff members from two adult education programs were interviewed.
• Classroom and Curriculum Accommodations for Native American Students
  This article explores culture-specific approaches to enhance the classroom and curriculum of Native American students and to improve their academic performance, social understanding, and acceptance by peers. It considers educational goals for these students, characteristics of Native American learners, and teaching strategies.
• Changing teachers, changing times: Teacher's work and culture in the postmodern age.
  
• Power and Contact: Transcending Authority in the Classroom
  One of the prerequisites or unavoidable results of multiculturalism is that the classroom becomes what Mary Louise Pratt calls a "contact zone." But how does the teacher keep discussion productive without taking sides? How does the teacher abdicate enough authority to diminish the asymmetricality but not so much that the class becomes a shapeless mass?.
• Multiculturalism and Multicultural Curricula in the United States
  Argues for more multicultural education in the United States at all levels, but particularly in higher education. Earlier conceptions of multiculturalism (assimilation, transitional multiculturalism, residual multiculturalism/tokenism) have not succeeded; a variety that both emphasizes the core values of cultures, and serves as a unifying factor in a culture of difference, is proposed.
• Bernard van Leer Foundation Newsletter, 1996.
  This document consists of the four issues of the Bernard van Leer Foundation's "Newsletter" published during 1996. The newsletter covers topics related to, or about efforts to foster, the education and welfare of children around the world, and includes descriptions of programs around the world, lists of resources and publications, and early childhood news.
• Multicultural Matters: An Interview with Philip Lee of Lee and Low Books
  Presents an interview with Philip Lee of Lee and Low Books about his experience in the specialized field committed solely to publishing books about Asian Americans and other diverse cultures in the United States. Discusses how the future of multicultural literature depends upon the concern and advocacy of interested individuals.
• Freirean Pedagogy, Praxis, and Possibilities: Projects for the New Millennium. Volume 19, Critical Education Practice. Volume 1417, Garland Reference Library of Social Science
  This book contains 15 chapters, each by different authors, commenting and expanding on the educational philosophy and work of Paulo Freire.
• CES--Cultural, Experiential, Skill Building: The Cognitive Foundation
  Critiques the assimilation strategy and the hero-heroine-ritual approach to multicultural education, and offers a third model, the Cultural, Experiential, Skill Building (CES) approach, as an alternative for teacher training. Effects of the CES model on potential teachers and the implications for teacher training are addressed.
• Multiculturalism: Moral and Educational Implications
  Considers multiculturalism as a moral issue. Notes scarcity of authentic multicultural classrooms and identifies four underlying factors.
• A Theoretical and Pedagogical Multicultural Match, or Unbridled Serendipity?
  Describes development of a multicultural education model by students in a high school mass media class. Using a literary and social action approach, students examine issues of empowerment, prejudice reduction, ethnic identity, school reform and discipline.
• Using the New Racial Categories in the 2000 Census: A KIDS COUNT/PRB Report on Census 2000
  This report addresses issues that data users will face in using, interpreting, and presenting new data on race from the 2000 census, which allowed multiple racial responses. Changing how the census collects data on race is not new.
• Reconstructing Multicultural Education: A Response to Mike Cole
  Refutes Mike Cole's article "Racism, Reconstructed Multiculturalism and Antiracist Education" by addressing five main topics: (1) the new racism as a means to changing multicultural education; (2) representation of antiracist educators; (3) advice to teachers of controversial aspects of other cultures; (4) identifying students' misconceptions before imparting new knowledge; and (5) nationalism. (CMK).
• "Reading the Word and the World" within a Literature Curriculum
  Describes 19 children's books (published between 1196 and 1998), in categories of poetry, picture books, participation books, chapter books for older readers, and nonfiction. Discusses them in tandem with landmark books to reflect on social and historical contexts and to help teachers talk with children about the enduring images and changing perspectives that affect their views of themselves and others.
• Pacific Resources for Education and Learning Fact Sheet.
  Pacific Resources for Education and Learning (PREL) is a nonprofit corporation that serves schools in 10 Pacific island political entities, whose affiliation with the United States ranges from statehood to free association. PREL's main office is in Honolulu, Hawaii, with service centers in American Samoa; the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; the Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap); Guam; the Republic of the Marshall Islands; and the Republic of Palau.
• The Internet: A Curriculum Warehouse for Social Studies Teachers
  Provides an introduction to the Internet with special focus on access issues, electronic communication, and tools for making the Internet easier to use. Identifies selected Internet resources appropriate for social studies.
• Reversing Underachievement among Gifted Black Students: Promising Practices and Programs. Education and Psychology of the Gifted Series
  This book focuses on the psychological, social, and cultural factors that influence the achievement of black youth who are gifted or potentially gifted, the prevention of underachievement, and appropriate interventions in cases of underachievement. The roles that families, educators, peers, and students themselves must play in promoting the academic, psychological, and socioemotional well-being of these students are emphasized.
• White Students' Resistance to Multicultural Literature: Breaking the Sullen Silence
  Describes a writing assignment in which students study and imitate the language of a minority author. Discusses how the assignment helps negotiate conflicts when students resist multicultural literature, as their creative responses mediate between themselves and works they might otherwise find foreign and antagonistic.
• Preparing Tomorrow's Journalists for a Multicultural America
  Describes activities to enhance multicultural awareness for high school journalism students. Provides step-by-step instructions for 15 exercises.
• Language as Constitutive: Critical Thinking for Multicultural Education and Practice in the 21st Century
  Asserts that working through postmodern positions on language offers nursing different approaches to critical thinking and cultural competence, two components of multicultural education. Describes examples relevant to topics in nursing education.
• An Ethnographic Study of Preservice Teacher Resistance to Multiculturalism: Implications for Teaching
  This paper examines student teachers' resistance to multicultural education, contrasting the expectations of teacher educators, as expressed in the literature, with the perspectives of preservice teachers from a required multiculturalism course. The study involved participant observation, with the researcher participating in the course as a student, completing all assignments and readings, and participating in class discussions and group projects.
• College and University Apartment Housing
  The purpose of this book is to update housing professionals on the current issues and future trends facing college and university apartment operations in the 21st century.
• Preparing Anglos for the Challenges and Joys of Multiculturalism
  Discusses the multicultural training process with Anglo trainees as it relates to supportively assisting Anglos with the difficult task of confronting White racism, teaching Anglos to respond empathetically to challenges from ethnic-minority colleagues and clients, and introducing Anglos to the joys inherent in multicultural counseling. (RJM).
• Multicultural Education for Learners with Exceptionalities. Advances in Special Education Series, Volume 12
  This volume contains a collection of chapters written by individuals in the fields of general and special education on multicultural education and students with exceptionalities.
• The Nature of Science in a Multicultural Context
  Proposes an alternative view of the nature of science that strikes a balance between extremely relativist views that see no difference between science and pseudoscience and current views that are inappropriate in a multicultural society. Implications for science teaching in the British schools are discussed.
• Evaluation of the Bridge Builders Program: Students Involved in Multicultural Activities
  Bridge Builders is a 2-year program intended to develop leadership in high school students. Programmatic goals include enhancing the participants' understanding of other racial and ethnic groups, socioeconomic groups, gender awareness, social responsibility, and the value of community service.
• An Anthropological Action Model for Training Teachers to Work with Culturally Diverse Student Populations
  Describes the Teacher-as-Ethnographer inservice training program, an anthropological model for training Israeli educators to diagnose and cater to the learning needs of culturally diverse students. Participants, including teachers of all levels and other school staff, learned and used ethnographic methods of data collection and analysis to conduct research projects.
• Integrating Lifelong Learning Perspectives
  This publication is comprised of 43 papers on the topic of promoting lifelong learning.
• A Survival Kit for the Elementary/Middle School Art Teacher
  This book is for art teachers looking for a new approach to the traditional lesson. The projects can be used at most grade levels.
• Joining the Dialogue: Six Teachers Discuss Making Changes toward a Multicultural Curriculum (Rainbow Teachers/Rainbow Students)
  Presents six brief articles by six Arizona teachers offering their reflections about practices, strategies, and vision as they make changes toward a multicultural curriculum. (SR).
• The Black Hole in Science Ranks
  This paper reviews four decades of research on race and education in Great Britain and discusses the deficit theories of underachievement that serve as the structure of most of the studies. Focus is placed on black youth of Caribbean origin and how they perform in British schools.
• The Colorful Flags Program: A Proactive-Interactive Approach to Bridging Cultural Differences
  Describes the Cultural Flags program, which teaches students to be proactive in engaging in cultural learning through learning a few basic phrases in the five most spoken languages in their community along with cultural facts about other countries. Some program evaluation results and project guidelines are presented.
• How Can a Teacher Save a Program That Administrators Want To Cut?
  Describes the Multicultural Advancement Program at the author's school. Illustrates how the teachers within the program sing its praises, but it appears that they are always in a defensive position repeatedly compelled to validate themselves.