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Cultural Pluralism

• Expanding Conceptions of Community and Civic Competence for a Multicultural Society
  Connects the concept of diversity to the symbiotic relationship between individuality and community in the United States. Maintains that cultural awareness is a valid and realistic response to global interdependence and changing demographics.
• A Multicultural Approach for Empowerment in Language Arts Classrooms
  It is argued that the increasing linguistic and cultural diversity in public schools requires teachers to be more sensitive to how children maintain effective cross-cultural communication, and be aware of barriers that affect interaction in culturally diverse classrooms. Sociocultural factors that shape the perspectives of all students should be considered in language arts programs.
• Multicultural Social Reconstructionist Education in Urban Geography: A Model Whose Time Has Come
  Briefly describes several approaches to multicultural education including highlighting minority achievements and emphasizing human relations and social reconstruction. Argues that social reconstruction is the most productive approach for teaching urban geography.
• Applying a Cognitive-Behavioral Approach to the Training of Culturally Competent Mental Health Counselors
  Claims that a cognitive-behavioral approach can help train culturally competent mental health professionals. Following the stages of intervention in cognitive therapy, culturally diverse counselors in training confront their own and others' cognitive distortions and develop a genuine sensitivity to other cultural perspectives.
• Including African-American Values in Educational Discourse: Toward a Multicultural Public Philosophy
  Inspired by W. E.
• Multiculturalism vs. Globalism
  Addresses the error of treating multiculturalism and globalism as the same concept. Considers the boundaries and shared purposes of multiculturalism and globalism.
• Diversity, Differences and Leisure Services. Research Update
  Summarizes recent research on diversity, examining similarities and differences between diverse groups and noting the implications for recreation professionals. Presents several common principles that recreation professionals must consider in programming for diverse populations (training and education about diversity, cooperation and advocacy, social inclusion and choices, personal and psychological safety, and involving participants in planning).
• A Call for Change in Multicultural Training at Graduate Schools of Education: Educating To End Oppression and for Social Justice
  Graduate-level multicultural training is important for preparing future teachers to work effectively with diverse students. Professionals experienced in multiculturalism must revise and refine multicultural training to better address immigrants' diversity issues and issues around sexuality, disability, and spirituality.
• From Policy to Action: Parkland College's Implementation of North Central's Statement on Access, Equity, and Diversity
  Describes the measures taken by Parkland College to implement North Central's Statement on Access, Equity, and Diversity. Results include the creation of the Center for Multicultural Education, community-based diversity education, and organization of a statewide conference about gender-balanced, multicultural education.
• Looking Over the Edge: Preparing Teachers for Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Middle Schools
  The principles and practices of multicultural education became the heart of one middle school teacher education program. The five principles included fostering inter/intragroup harmony through learning communities, targeting social justice and affirmation of diversity, empowering students and teachers, seeing things from multiple perspectives, and preparing teachers explicitly for cultural and linguistic diversity.
• Institutional Support for Diversity in Preservice Teacher Education
  Examines how institutions can provide support for diversity in preservice teacher education, focusing on the institutional context in which teacher educators work as they craft multicultural teacher preparation programs. Support includes strong institutional leadership and a campuswide vision for change, recruitment and retention of diverse students and faculty, and curriculum transformation.
• Reclaiming the Borderlands: Chicana/o Identity, Difference, and Critical Pedagogy
  Argues that "Borderlands" discourse has served, and continues to serve, as a theoretical framework to advance educational theory by accounting for multiple subjectivity and difference. Provides historical background of Chicana/o Studies and its contribution to Borderlands theories.
• Ready-to-Use Multicultural Activities for the American History Classroom: Four Centuries of Diversity from the 1600s to the Present
  This classroom resource guide provides U.S. history teachers in grades 7-12 with 130 ready-to-use activities that build understanding and appreciation of diverse peoples and points of view regarding historical events.
• Reducing Resistance to Diversity through Cognitive Dissonance Instruction: Implications for Teacher Education
  Applied the principals of cognitive dissonance theory to an instructional strategy used to reduce resistance to the idea of white privilege, comparing groups of college students in diversity education courses that did and did not receive supplemental instruction on cognitive dissonance. Incorporating cognitive dissonance theory created an awareness of dissonance and has the potential to reduce resistance to diversity issues.
• Diversity and Multiculturalism: Institutional Leadership at the University of Michigan
  Initiatives taken at University of Michigan to address complex nature of diversity and multiculturalism in higher education are described, including a 1988 administrative strategic plan to link academic excellence and social diversity among faculty and students, a plan to improve women's representation among faculty, a longitudinal study of impact of diversity on the class of 1994, and curriculum reform. (MSE).
• Creating a Multicultural School Climate for Deaf Children and Their Families
  Offers guidelines to help educators of children with deafness build a multicultural learning environment for students and their families. Strategies are provided for developing cultural competence and tips are given for creating inclusive curricula and instructional approaches, choosing culturally diverse materials, and recruiting diverse staff.
• Rethinking the Role of Multicultural Literature in Literacy Instruction: Problems, Paradox, and Possibilities
  Uses a cultural studies framework to demonstrate how multicultural literature is often trivialized and misused in literature-based classrooms. Critiques actual literature discussions and examines the content of several Asian American children's books to move toward a more complete understanding of critical literacy pedagogy and what it means to "read" in a pluralistic society.
• Honouring Diversity in the Classroom: Challenges and Reflections. Diversity in the Classroom Series, Number One
  This document provides the framework for six other related documents in a series that focuses on diversity in the classroom. Section 1, "Introduction," explains that children in any Canadian classroom are not homogeneous, and such diversity presents teachers with challenges and obligations.
• Teaching Diversity: Experiences and Recommendations of American Psychological Association Division 2 Members
  Explores how psychology instructors address diversity issues in the classroom through a survey of American Psychology Association's Division 2 members. Reveals that respondents generally acknowledged the importance of discussing diversity topics; also finds that 27% reported that diversity is not relevant and only 15% had taught any of the listed multicultural classes.
• Final Report on the Multicultural/Diversity Assessment Project
  The Emporia State University Multicultural/Diversity Project developed a set of assessment instruments and a model evaluation plan to assess multicultural/diversity (MCD) outcomes in teacher education and general education programs. Assessment instruments and techniques were constructed to evaluate the impact of coursework on student attitudes, knowledge, and performance skills.
• The Journal for the Professional Counselor, 1998
  An official refereed branch journal of the American Counseling Association, this journal covers current professional issues, theory, research, and innovative practices or programs in all branches of counseling.
• The One-Minute Paper: Enhancing Discussion in a Multicultural Seminar
  The teacher of a college seminar on education in contemporary American society, addressing sensitive personal and political concepts, used one-minute essays to "take the pulse" of the class daily. Daily summaries of essay content provided students with evidence of the teacher's commitment to monitoring the process, added a level of discourse, and provided feedback about individual and collective direction.
• School Exchanges: A Tool for Mutual Understanding in a Multicultural Society. Report of the Conference
  The sixth meeting of the Council of Europe Network on school links and exchanges, held in Solothurn, Switzerland, from October 5-7, 1995, was attended by delegates from some 30 member states, observers from international and nongovernmental organizations, teacher trainers for school exchanges, and representatives of Swiss institutions and schools. Established 5 years ago on the initiative of the Council of Europe, the network was designed to develop exchanges among schools in all European countries.
• A Crisis in Graduate Studies
  Argues that Aboriginal graduate students are creating a crisis for faculties of education. The knowledge needed to supervise them as they produce theses is not available.
• Assembling Pieces in the Diversity Puzzle: A Field Model
  Offers a model of social-work education that infuses multicultural content into the field curriculum and enhances faculty diversity. One school's field-practice seminars integrate diversity training by pairing community facilitators with faculty facilitators to increase instructors' awareness of diversity; offering ongoing workshops to train facilitators to address diversity issues; and conscious inclusion of diversity content into seminar curriculum.
• Citizenship Education and Diversity
  The goals of citizenship education can conflict with values of cultural pluralism. The Canadian government's policy is one of official neutrality and tolerance with respect to cultural differences.
• Beyond Enhancement: The Kennedy Center's Commitment to Education
  Asserts that exposure to high-quality arts performances with accompanying educational experiences enlivens teaching and learning. Maintains that few schools have taken advantage of opportunities provided by arts-presenting institutions.
• Multicultural Counseling Training: A Preliminary Study
  Given the increasingly diverse makeup of the United States, the probability is high that counselors in all settings will work with clients of differing cultural backgrounds. Accrediting associations, including the Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP), have recently included cultural and/or diversity content in their training standards.
• Honouring Diversity in the Classroom: Challenges and Reflections. Diversity in the Classroom Series, Number One
  This document provides the framework for six other related documents in a series that focuses on diversity in the classroom. Section 1, "Introduction," explains that children in any Canadian classroom are not homogeneous, and such diversity presents teachers with challenges and obligations.
• Leaders of Color as Catalysts for Community Building in a Multicultural Society
  Presents a vision of multicultural education as a validating and inclusive process for non-European ways of knowing. Classifies multicultural education as inclusionary, emancipatory, liberatory, critical, and transformative.
• Using Multicultural Children's Literature in Adult ESL Classes. ERIC Digest
  This digest focuses on the use of children's literature in adult English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) instruction. Because high quality children's literature is characterized by an economy of words, stunning illustrations, captivating and quickly moving plots, and universal themes, carefully chosen books can offer educational benefits for adult ESL learners.
• Andragogy in Color
  Malcolm Knowles' theory of andragogy asserts that adult learners learn differently from younger learners and hence require a different kind of education. According to Knowles, andragogy is characterized by the following hallmarks: adult learners are self-directed, have accumulated vast experiences that add to their knowledge, are at a stage in life where they are ready to learn, engage in problem-centered learning, and are internally motivated.
• Multiculturalism and Multicultural Education in an International Perspective
  The concept of multiculturalism is explored and several approaches to multicultural education are discussed, drawing examples from North America, Europe, and Australia. This conceptual framework is used to describe and analyze the current state of affairs in these fields in the Netherlands.
• Diversity Consciousness: Opening Our Minds to People, Cultures, and Opportunities
  This book examines the relationship between a person's success and his or her ability to understand, respect, and value diversity. It also explores how people can develop diversity consciousness.
• Taking It Personally: Racism in the Classroom from Kindergarten to College. Teaching and Learning Social Justice Series
  This book chronicles two teachers and their own educational progress in antiracist education. When one, a female African American elementary school teacher, accepted an invitation from the other, a White college professor, to speak to her graduate preservice teacher education class (a required multicultural education course), an explosive classroom incident occurred.
• African Studies in Canada: Problems and Challenges
  Examines the marginalization of African studies in the Canadian public school system and how educators might promote these studies to allow blacks to have a greater knowledge of themselves and increase their self-worth. Various challenges facing curriculum reform and future directions for African studies in Canada are discussed.
• Community Service in a Multicultural Nation
  Examines human qualities that undergird citizens' commitment to the common good in diverse societies, suggesting that community service fosters such qualities. Planned interactions across social barriers are necessary to develop qualities of citizenship for pluralistic nations.
• Teaching Multicultural Classes. 2nd Revised Edition
  The guide is designed to assist teachers in postsecondary education, particularly vocational education, with some students from language backgrounds other than English. It both offers suggestions for classroom organization and interaction and poses questions to stimulate teachers' examination of the processes at work in the learning situation.
• Teachers Leading Teachers: Enhancing Multicultural Education through Field-based Partnerships
  Argues that partnerships between early childhood teacher preparation programs and public school teachers will strengthen the discourse on multicultural education and its institutionalization. Presents strategies for gaining a personal connection to multicultural education ideals, including developing cultural biographies, examining stereotypes and prejudices, examining the construction of a personal identity, and critically examining the media.
• White Noise: The Attack on Political Correctness and the Struggle for the Western Canon
  Reviews debates about political correctness, multiculturalism, and the Western Canon in education, analyzing why the Canon needs defending and what it says about education. The paper describes flaws in the arguments of those attacking political correctness and defending the Canon, suggesting that the case for multiculturalism and diversified curriculum needs substantial strengthening to be feasible.
• Integrating the Arts: Renaissance and Reformation in Arts Education
  Asserts that the general educational curriculum tends to be fragmented and compartmentalized and that this situation would be improved by curriculum integration. Argues that an interdisciplinary arts approach would require new teacher attitudes and instructional strategies.
• Globalizing Instructional Materials: Guidelines for Higher Education
  Discusses issues in training students to be culturally literate and the process for creating, designing, and developing cross-cultural (globalized) instructional materials. Defines terms associated with globalizing instructional materials and the process of adapting these materials to other cultures.
• Mental Health Counselors as Consultants for Diversity Training
  Argues that mental health counselors need to devote more attention to minority group issues. In light of a society that is rapidly becoming even more diverse in its make-up, a rationale and specific techniques enabling a mental health counselor to serve in the capacity of a consultant are presented.
• Implementing Holocaust Education Curriculum To Comply with Florida Legislation 233.061 at the Middle School Level
  This program was developed and implemented to correct noncompliance with Florida Education Legislation 233.061, to increase knowledge of basic facts surrounding the Holocaust and to increase positive tolerance attitudes of diversity.
• Interpreting Identity Politics: The Educational Challenge of Contemporary Student Activism
  Examines some of the educational implications multicultural activism may have for understanding today's diverse students. Uses a phenomenological analysis of student actions with an emphasis on identity politics and multiculturalism.
• Multicultural Content and Class Participation: Do Students Self-Censor?
  Through survey and focus group data, examined student discomfort in social work courses, reasons for self-censorship, and solutions to self-censorship. Found that general classroom factors (being too shy or being unprepared), not political correctness, were more likely to be reasons for self-censorship.
• Using Multicultural Children's Literature in Adult ESL Classes. ERIC Digest
  This digest focuses on the use of children's literature in adult English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) instruction. Because high quality children's literature is characterized by an economy of words, stunning illustrations, captivating and quickly moving plots, and universal themes, carefully chosen books can offer educational benefits for adult ESL learners.
• Opening the Dialogue: Using Culture as a Tool in Teaching Young African American Children
  Relates how the author, a White teacher, discovered how to teach her African American students by learning to understand their culture. Discusses how she became aware of the cultural discontinuity in her classroom, and began a dialog with African-American friends, fellow teachers, children, parents, and multicultural literature to change her style of teaching to meet her students' needs.
• The Acceptance of a Multicultural Education among Appalachian College Students
  Explored the multicultural predispositions of 437 students in a Central Appalachian university, discovering which sort of multicultural programs garner weaker and stronger support. Tested explanatory models incorporating a mix of 21 independent variables, some drawn from sociological, psychological, and political science studies of reactions to other multicultural programs.
• Preparing Teachers for Culturally Diverse Schools: Research and the Overwhelming Presence of Whiteness
  Reviewed research studies on preservice teacher preparation for multicultural schools, particularly schools serving historically underserved communities, examining the effects of such strategies as recruiting and selecting students, cross-cultural immersion experiences, multicultural coursework, and program restructuring. Very little research actually examined which strategies prepared strong teachers.
• CCCC's Role in the Struggle for Language Rights
  Recounts the activist history of the Conference on College Composition and Communication in working toward a more democratic valuing of language diversity by both teachers and the public. Focuses on two organizational policies of CCCC, the "Students' Right" resolution of 1974 and the "National Language Policy" of 1988, incorporating articles and commentaries on language from this journal.
• Maximizing Human Capital by Developing Multicultural Competence
  Examines the growing demand for multicultural competence in college graduates, describes the course content and academic-advising activities recommended to develop it, and comments on the limits and inherent dangers of providing multicultural exposure universally. Academic advisors are urged to help students maximize their human capital by adding multicultural competence as part of their formal education.
• Culture Specific Knowledge and the Ability To Empathize: Applications for Cross-Cultural Counseling Training
  The acquisition of culture-specific knowledge through reading and/or experience is an important component of cross-cultural counseling education. This study explores the relationship between counselor trainees' culture specific knowledge and their ability to empathize in general.
• Learning Me Your...Science Language
  Demonstrates how science instruction can only be effective when teachers are aware of differences in children's language and their culture. The author argues that it is important to recognize when linguistic or cultural understandings lead children to wrong answers that to them seem totally logical.
• Culturally Diverse Beliefs Concerning Dying, Death, and Bereavement: A School Psychologist's Intervention Challenge
  School psychologists need to employ a multicultural perspective in the areas of death, dying, and bereavement. To develop multicultural sensitivity and competency requires setting aside one's personal beliefs in an attempt to adopt another's perspective.
• Encouraging Students To Analyze/Articulate Their Beliefs about Cultural Diversity
  This paper offers suggestions for teaching high school and college students about cultural diversity and for providing them with multicultural educational experiences. After presenting a background and rationale for such teaching, the paper gives a list of classroom activities, including student reactions to statements regarding racism and affirmative action and a video analysis exercise.
• The Role of a European American Scholar in Multicultural Education
  Attempts to broaden the theoretical base and practical applications of multicultural education by examining the contributions of European American educators to the process. Advocates members of the dominant culture using their own lives as starting points for studying how that culture is maintained.
• Merits and Perils of Teaching about Other Cultures
  Suggest that it is important for students to be taught about multi-cultural history, but in order to ensure that multi-cultural education is a glue, rather than a solvent, of U.S. community, there must be dedicated, knowledgeable, and honest teaching that reveals to students the ways in which all human beings are alike.
• Classrooms for Learners, Not Winners and Losers
  Differentiated instruction is an umbrella concept that allows teachers to pull together many disparate messages about multicultural education, alternative teaching and learning strategies, alternative assessments, learning styles, and standards. Developing a range of instructional strategies represents a fine tuning, not a new instrument.
• Revista de Investigacion Educativa, 1999 (Journal of Educational Research, 1999).
  Articles in this volume, written in Spanish, focus on the following: intellectual style and academic performance; an explanatory integrated model of academic goals, learning strategies, and academic performance; a comparative situational study of drug addiction; early childhood depression and academic performance.
• Standards and Practices: Children's Literature and Curricula Reform for the Twenty-First Century
  Maintains that implementing the new social studies curriculum standards has been a challenge for many elementary teachers. Asserts that high-quality children's literature is essential for an integrated, multicultural curriculum.
• Increasing Awareness and Implementation of Cultural Competence Principles in Health Professions Education
  Cultural competence is being recognized as an essential skill by allied health accrediting and professional organizations. However, more information is needed on the types and content of courses or other activities intended to explore cultural, ethnic, and racial diversity issues related to health care.
• Race and Ethnicity in Multi-Ethnic Schools: A Critical Case Study. The Language and Education Library 15
  This book explores the representation of race and ethnicity in a multiethnic school. Using a critical case study approach, it appeals to the wider social context to explain the unequal struggle over the meaning of race and ethnicity in the school.
• Multicultural Training for Undergraduates: Developing Knowledge and Awareness
  Determined whether training undergraduates (N=58) in multicultural issues improves awareness of their own cultural assumptions, values, and biases, along with their knowledge of other world views and cultural assumptions. Results indicate that undergraduates who completed a multicultural course reported increased multicultural awareness.
• Exist-Culturalism: A Philosophical Framework
  Article presents a philosophical framework that educators and student affairs professionals might use in their current practices to enhance multicultural and diversity programs and overall campus climate. The framework purports to create an intellectual discourse about the needs and the outcomes of services, programs, and courses beyond traditional multiculturalism and diversity perspectives.
• Voices from the Vineyard: Gifts of Diversity from Catholic Elementary School Educators
  Studies elementary Catholic-school educators, with a focus on cultural diversity. Discusses key experiences in diverse settings, transforming the curriculum, staffing and hiring practices, and the role of parents in student education.
• Democracy, Multiculturalism, and the Community College: A Critical Perspective. Critical Education Practice Volume 5. Garland Reference Library of Social Science Volume 1081
  Focusing on efforts by community colleges to serve an increasingly diverse student population, this book provides case studies illustrating colleges' attempts to provide transfer, vocational, and community education while meeting the demands of students who vary by race, class, gender, and age.
• Schools Fit for All
  In teacher-education programs, discussions of multiculturalism have been largely separate from those about inclusion of students with disabilities. Classrooms have always been heterogeneous.
• Unity in Diversity: The Enigma of the European Dimension in Education
  The article maintains that efforts aimed at the development of a European dimension to the general education curriculum offered in individual nations' schooling have increased in recent years and asserts that the immediate goal is to provide young people with opportunities beyond their national borders. (CFR).
• Cultural Diversity and Social Skills Instruction: Understanding Ethnic and Gender Differences
  This book affirms that the behaviors of young people from culturally diverse populations need to be viewed from a cultural perspective, and that instruction should affirm students and empower them to achieve maximally as well as to benefit others. A theme that underlies the entire book is the advocacy of direct instruction in social skills, followed by opportunities for practice and conditions for maintenance.
• Assuring an Appreciation for Student Diversity: Alternatives to Teacher Education Field Experiences
  This report provides an introduction to technology-based materials and mechanisms for ensuring student teachers' exposure to thought-provoking classroom diversity experiences. The paper discusses diversity in modern, multicultural, U.S.
• Globalizing Knowledge: Connecting International & Intercultural Studies. The Academy in Transition
  This is the fourth in a series of occasional papers that analyze the changes taking place in U.S. undergraduate education.
• Voicing Differences: Encouraging Multicultural Learning
  Student-affairs graduate students (N=70) adopted a "voice," other than their own, for a semester. Journal entries reveal steps the students took in learning to see through the eyes of individuals different from themselves.
• Walking on Eggs: Mastering the Dreaded Diversity Discussion
  Nine strategies for opening and sustaining discussion of cultural pluralism in the college classroom are offered, including use of powerful evocative quotations, evocative visuals, student self-identification in cultural terms, pictographic autobiographies, student personal narratives, metaphors for America, concentric identity circles exercise, models for interpreting cultural experience, and paired readings. Guidelines for discussion management are also given.
• Educating Culturally Responsive Teachers: A Coherent Approach. SUNY Series, Teacher Preparation and Development
  This book examines what is needed to accomplish the task of staffing U.S. schools with culturally responsive teachers, discussing the specific elements of teacher education programs needed for the country's diverse public schools.
• Addressing Issues of Cultural Diversity in Business Communication
  Discusses several terms used to denote cultural diversity and their implications. Emphasizes the importance of intracultural variations to an understanding of multiculturalism.
• A Review of Spirituality in Counselor Education
  This paper presents a literature review of studies that address spirituality and religion specifically within counseling and counselor education.
• Democratic Understanding: Cross-National Perspectives
  Compares goals, policies, and practices related to citizenship education in the United States and other countries, illustrating how social studies in the United States can give greater attention to democratic discourse, decision making, and civic education. To adequately prepare citizens for the future, social studies educators must pay greater attention to multicultural and global content and pedagogy.
• Teaching Diversity Skills in Law School: One School's Experience
  The evolution of a diversity education program at McGeorge School of Law (University of the Pacific, California) is chronicled and response to it is discussed. The program involved a lecture on cultural sensitivity and follow-up small-group discussion sessions involving faculty and students.
• Multicultural Curriculum in Higher Education
  The article discusses cultural wars in academic disciplines and among populations within college and university campuses. Examines multiculturalism and the curriculum, ranging from reform of basic curricular requirements to the persistence of ethnic and gender studies programs, and considers opportunities for effecting change in academic libraries.
• International Education, Citizenship, and National Standards
  Maintains that if students are to make informed and prudent judgments about the international role of the United States and its foreign policy they need to understand the major elements of international relations and how world affairs affect them. Connects this goal to the National Standards for Civics and Government.
• Towards a Multicultural Society: Bringing Postmodernism into the Classroom
  Asserts that western civilization's belief in the differentiation between object and subject impedes a true multicultural discourse. Praises the postmodernist approach, that self-evident reality is actually a politically constructed text, as being useful in identifying subjectivity.
• Multicultural Theorists and the Social Studies
  Questions the multiculturalists' vision that an ethnic group's self-esteem and subsequent academic achievement can improve through the study of its culture. Cites the paucity of studies supporting the effectiveness of interventions to improve inter-ethnic group attitudes.
• Unity through Diversity: Fostering Cultural Awareness
  Describes the program "Unity through Diversity" and outlines the planning procedure used in its implementation. Discusses major program aspects, including the four assembly programs and the supplementary curricular materials.
• Theory and Research on Stereotypes and Perceptual Bias: A Didactic Resource for Multicultural Counseling Trainers
  Theories and selected research on stereotyping and cognitive automaticity are presented as a resource base for multicultural counselor educators. Three multicultural competencies are identified: (1) personal beliefs/attitudes; (2) cultural knowledge; and (3) multicultural skills.
• Re-establishing Antiracist Education: A Response to Short and Carrington
  Responds to the article "Reconstructing Multicultural Education: a Response to Mike Cole" in which Cole defends his views of antiracist education and the role of cultural racism, the teaching of controversial aspects of other cultures, reconstructed multiculturalism as opposed to student misconceptions, and nationalism within the context of Britishness. (CMK).
• Altering White Racial Identity and Interracial Comfort through Multicultural Training
  The impact of an integrative multicultural training program on the development of white racial identity and interracial comfort was examined. Counseling graduate students participated in the training.
• "Life Took Me Elsewhere." The Roma Tutoring Project in Romania
  Describes the plight of the Roma (the preferred word for "Gypsy") in Romania, and the Roma Tutoring Project, intended to help Roma children succeed in school. Discusses the project's activities to sponsor the writing of children's books in Romania based on Roma children and culture, and with a tutor training project based on the language experience approach.
• Multicultural Mosaic: A Family Book Club
  Authors, a library media specialist and a literature/language arts teacher, both recipients of Theodore R. Sizer Fellowships, describe their joint project, "Multicultural Mosaic: A Family Book Club." Their proposal was to strengthen the home-school connection by establishing a book club accessible to all middle and high school students and their families.
• Multicultural Education: Common Problems Experienced by Various Cultures
  The United States today is a pluralistic society, and a multicultural curriculum is a necessary component of the overall school curriculum. Multicultural education should address the culturally and the linguistically diverse student.
• Service-Learning and Multicultural/Multiethnic Perspectives: From Diversity to Equity
  The "missionary ideology" underlying much of the service- learning movement results from decisions to "do good things" for others. However, this movement sometimes ignores recipients' voices and what they, particularly communities of color, might have to offer.
• Increasing Teacher Diversity by Tapping the Paraprofessional Pool
  To increase the representation of people of color in teaching, the potential candidate pool must expand beyond those who are likely to attend college. Paraprofessional school personnel, who typically are from minority groups, constitute a ready source for increasing the supply of diverse teachers.
• Christian Privilege: Breaking a Sacred Taboo
  The author discusses the concept of privilege in terms of the benefits enjoyed by Whites and men. This article presents a new theoretical perspective focusing on religious privilege and includes a list of privileges that are enjoyed by members of the dominant religious group (i.e., Christians) in the United States.
• Analysis of Substance Use and Abuse Instruction in U.S. Physician Assistant Education Programs
  Reports results of a survey of 50 accredited physician assistant programs regarding their substance use/abuse education: curricula, legal and ethical perspectives, and teaching methodologies. Traditional teaching methods, general biomedical concepts, and treatment modes and outcomes are emphasized, while developing students' multicultural awareness and treatment skills is not stressed by most programs.
• School Reform and Student Diversity
  Case studies of eight exemplary schools demonstrate that language-minority students can learn the same academic curriculum as native English speakers while pursuing English literacy. Common school characteristics include a schoolwide vision of excellence, creation of a community of learners engaged in active discovery, and well-designed, carefully executed language-development programs.
• Master's Level Counselors' Self-Perceived Multicultural Competence: Relation to General Counseling Competence, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience
  Multicultural counseling competence is of paramount importance. For counselors to be able to better meet the needs of their clients, and for counselor education programs to better prepare their students to meet the needs of a diverse population, it is necessary to uncover and learn to effectively manipulate all the pieces of the puzzle of multicultural counseling competence.
• Interethnic Relations on Campus: Can't We All Get Along?
  Examines ethnic climate and relationships among ethnic groups at five colleges. Data indicate that White and Latino students were the most comfortable interacting with other ethnic groups, whereas Asian students were the least comfortable.
• Ratings of Helper Roles by Multicultural Psychologists and Asian American Students: Initial Support for the Three-Dimensional Model of Multicultural Counseling
  The results of two surveys investigating support for psychologists' roles advocated by the three-dimensional model of multicultural counseling are reported. Vignettes used varied high/low acculturation and internal/external etiology of problem.
• Revisiting the Supreme Court's Opinion in Brown v. Board of Education from a Multiculturalist Perspective
  Reexamines the Supreme Court's school desegregation opinions, including "Brown v. Board of Education," and concludes that a multicultural society was not part of the Supreme Court's vision of public schools.
• South Africa: A Place for English Teaching Pioneers
  Discusses the importance of English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) education in the multicultural country of South Africa, where for the majority of residents, English is the second language. Examines the variety of languages of South Africa, the language-education crisis in South Africa, and the country's need for language teachers.
• An Introduction to Multicultural Counseling
  When client and counselor are from different cultural backgrounds, they tend to view things from disparate perspectives. Though a background in multiculturalism is required for program accreditation, most existing texts limit coverage to ethnicity, without the emphasis of broad concepts such as discrimination and acculturation, or coverage of gender, sexual orientation, or aging issues.
• The ABC's Model: Teachers Connect Home and School
  Examines how seven European-American teachers implemented a model called the ABC's of Cultural Understanding and Communication (a literacy process to help develop cultural understanding and communication). Describes how teachers and students investigated cultural and ethnic differences through literacy activities that promoted classroom community and home/school connections, an appreciation of diversity, and reading, writing, listening, and speaking across the curriculum.
• Learning Multiculturalism from the Experience of International Students: The Experience of International Students in a Teacher Training Program
  This study explored the aspect of international student culture. To understand how international students perceived their experience as foreign students and how they make efforts to break down language and culture boundaries while they are studying abroad, five international graduate students in the college of education in a large mid-Atlantic University were interviewed.
• Indiana's Best Practices Celebrating Diversity: Many Communities...One Indiana. A Resource Manual of Diversity Programs & Activities. Update 2000
  This updated resource manual of racial diversity programs and activities should help promote racial reconciliation and understanding among diverse communities. It includes 72 new programs, and six new Indiana communities actually embracing this challenge have been included: Crawfordsville, New Castle, Plainfield, Seymour, Valparaiso, and Wawasee.
• Reforming Schools in a Democratic Pluralistic Society
  Issues related to race, class, and gender diversity have been silenced in most school reform efforts. To meet future national and global needs, reforms must incorporate diversity issues, promote democratic ideas, and help students acquire the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to construct civic, moral, and just communities.
• A Multicultural Framework: Transforming Curriculum, Transforming Students
  Discusses efforts to bring a multicultural perspective to a 200-level course on the sociology of health and aging as a means of addressing broader multicultural curriculum transformation issues. The course is constructed around students' examination of four basic questions concerning their own experiences with exclusion and entitlement.
• The Use of Culturally Relevant Videos To Draw Attention to Cultural Diversity: A Preliminary Study
  Videos celebrating Hispanic Heritage and Black History month were presented at two regionally and ethnically distinct college campuses. Students (N=62) were interviewed regarding what attracted them to the video.
• Perceptions, Responses, and Knowledge about Diversity Held by Extension Administrators
  Ohio State University extension administrators (n=108) acknowledge diversity as an important issue but are confused about how to communicate with and serve diverse populations. They lack a clear vision of a multicultural organization and need to recruit diverse applicants.
• The "Tesoros" Literacy Project: Treasuring Students' Lives (Rainbow Teachers/Rainbow Students)
  Describes a project in a southeast Michigan high school in which Latino English-as-a-Second-Language students worked collaboratively for 10 weeks with at-risk working-class Anglo counterparts from an 11th-grade American literature class. Describes reading and writing activities that centered around the notion that students should search for and value the treasures of their own experience.
• Making Our Mark: Defining "Self" in a Multicultural World
  Suggests that the classroom is an ideal place to "struggle to be together in our differences," as students begin to formulate their definitions of self and others, and need to learn to deal with differing attitudes and opinions. Describes experiences in the author's class as discussion about immigration in the United States blazed into a discussion about race.
• "The Politics of Multiculturalism and Bilingual Education: Students and Teachers Caught in the Cross Fire," by C. J. Ovando and P. McLaren (2000). Book Review
  Reviews an anthology that provides undergraduate and graduate students with theoretical and practical discussion on various ideological convictions in the fields of multiculturalism and bilingual education. Discusses theoretical conflicts and ideologies affecting the field of multiculturalism, and the more immediate effects of politics on teaching and learning in schools.
• Unity in Diversity: The Enigma of the European Dimension in Education
  Maintains that efforts aimed at the development of a European dimension to the general education curriculum offered in individual nations' schooling have increased in recent years. Asserts that the immediate goal is to provide young people with opportunities beyond their national borders.
• Linguistic Diversity
  Discusses 14 books for young readers, chosen for the diversity of their languages, cultures, and uniqueness. (SR).
• Cooking Up a Learning Community with Corn, Beans, and Rice
  Describes using cooking as a vehicle for creating community among three culturally diverse classrooms of prekindergartners and third graders. Notes how the choice of corn, beans, and rice in the cooking exercise planted the roots of understanding, tolerance, and compassion, and an appreciation of diversity.
• Integrating Multicultural and Curriculum Principles in Teacher Education
  Proposes a strategy for incorporating multiculturalism into teacher education; examines why future teachers need to develop multicultural competencies, how to integrate general principles of multicultural education and curriculum design into teacher preparation programs, and how to accomplish integration so prospective teachers will be empowered to continue their professional growth in multiculturalism. (SM).
• Communicating Diversity: A Study of the Multicultural Climate in a Summer Academic Program
  A study examined multiculturalism and diversity through accommodations for minority and international students in LEAP (Learning Edge Academic Program), a six-week summer program for freshmen at a major Eastern university. Subjects included administrators, mentors, instructors, and students, who were interviewed regarding their perceptions on the issues.
• The Power of Poetry
  Discusses poetry and the power it can have in elementary school classes. Considers why poetry is effective and the value of memorizing poems, and recommends multicultural titles for Blacks, Mexican Americans, Asian Americans that can help motivate children to read and write.
• Respond to Stories with Stories: Teachers Discuss Multicultural Children's Literature
  Describes a literature discussion group consisting of eleven social studies representatives involved in a discussion of children's multicultural literature and articles. Focuses on story as a resource for exploring diversity and for sharing personal experiences and responses with others.
• IFTE 1995: Some Notes from a Subgroup
  Within the paradigm of cultural pluralism, four areas seem worth exploring in depth: (1) language and power; (2) multiculturalism vs. /as cultural pluralism; (3) English itself--the discipline, course, and class; and (4) individual vs.
• The Concept of "Ubuntu": Africa's Most Important Contribution to Multicultural Education?
  Examines the African concept of "ubuntu", which indicates an inner state of almost complete humanization and is the essence of community and commonality. Discusses how ubuntu could contribute to multi-cultural education.
• First Annual Diversity Challenge: "How To Survive Teaching Courses on Race and Culture."
  The authors discuss the highlights of the 1st annual Diversity Challenge held at Boston College. The Challenge's general focus was preparing educators to cope with the resistances encountered when they teach about race and ethnic culture.
• Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge and Skills: Directions for Adult Education Training Programs
  Licensed professional counselors (n=207) completed the Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Survey, revealing insufficient competence in defining culture, understanding pluralism, analyzing culture, and assessing diverse clients. Comparison of those trained before and after 1990 showed the earlier group had additional insufficiencies.
• CurioCity, Developing an "Active Learning" Game
  Describes a case study that takes readers through a human-centered design process used in developing an "Active Learning" tool, CurioCity, a game for students in grades 7-10. Attempts to better understand multiculturalism and to bridge formal in-school learning with informal field trip learning.
• Developing a Multicultural Focus in Teacher Education: One Department's Story
  This paper describes how the University of Wisconsin-Parkside developed a multicultural emphasis in its teacher education program, noting that implementing such a focus in a school with predominantly white students and faculty members required a paradigm shift for both the program and the faculty. (SM).
• Historical Facts and Fictions: Representing and Reading Diverse Perspectives on the Past
  Presents brief descriptions of 22 recently published books for children and adolescents that present untold stories that begin to fill in the gaps of mainstream versions of the past. Includes categories of historical fiction, historical nonfiction, biography/memoir, and poetry and verse.
• Multicultural Counseling Competencies as Tools to Address Oppression and Racism
  The background, rationale, and framework of the multicultural competencies documents are discussed. Central concepts include development of awareness of personal assumptions, values, and biases; understanding the worldview of the culturally different client; and developing appropriate intervention strategies and techniques.
• Community, Higher Education, and the Challenge of Multiculturalism
  Uses John Dewey's pragmatism to theorize a relevant and effective understanding of collegiate community within liberal culture, suggesting that if multiculturalism were understood and enacted on college campuses in Deweyan ways, it would introduce a method of thinking or intelligent learning that would make the ideal of community possible for higher education institutions. (SM).
• La comunidad en el aula y el aula en la comunidad: Un modelo (The Community in the Classroom and the Classroom in the Community: A Model)
  Describes an advanced conversational Spanish language course based on community experiences, multicultural education, and collaborative research taught at the University of Santa Clara in California. The class combined authentic materials with real-life experiences.
• Mentoring to Diversity: A Multicultural Approach
  Institutions and individuals must explore their cultural assumptions and develop strategies for mentoring in a multicultural society. They must decide whether mentoring is to be a vehicle for assimilation or pluralism.
• "The Light in Her Eyes." An Interview with Sonia Nieto
  Presents an interview with educators' educator Sonia Nieto--an author of two important books ("The Light in Their Eyes: Creating Multicultural Learning Communities," and "Affirming Diversity: The Sociopolitical Context of Multicultural Education"). Discusses her books, avoiding stereotypes, current issues in multicultural education, how and what is taught, exploring unconscious attitudes, and linguistic diversities.
• The Nostalgia of Art Education: Reinscribing the Master's Narrative
  Presents a psychoanalytic critique of an advertisement for the Getty Center for Education in the Arts multicultural program. Applying principles derived from Lacan, Foucault, and Derrida, reveals basic racist, sexist, and elitist assumptions embedded in the advertisement.
• Immigration and Pluralism in Urban Catholic Schools
  Investigates how Catholic schools are making the transformation from national to multicultural schools as they meet the needs of new immigrants in the inner city. Focuses on the concept of mediating institutions, investigating urban Catholic school principals' willingness to experience diversity.
• Cultural and Language Diversity in the Middle Grades
  Discusses the cultural and language diversity of young adolescents. Outlines 10 steps to foster a multicultural (or macro cultural) perspective in all students at the middle school level, strategies that build on students' diversity to create a positive and cooperative learning environment.
• Expert and novice teachers' beliefs about culturally responsive pedagogy.
  This study examined experienced and novice teachers' views on teaching in multicultural classrooms, asking 40 elementary student teachers and 26 cooperating teachers how they viewed the needs of students from diverse cultural backgrounds. Participants rated 23 statements about multicultural education on a Likert scale of agreement, and completed two open-ended questions as well.
• Promoting Multiculturalism in Developmental Education
  Asserts that the teaching profession needs to recognize the natural connections between multicultural and developmental education. Presents eight steps developmental educators can take to promote pluralism, including (1) establishing a clear link between cultural pluralism and institutional and programmatic mission and goals; (2) striving for diversity at all levels; and (3) embedding multiculturalism in the curriculum.
• The Diversity Project: Institutionalizing Multiculturalism or Managing Differences?
  Institutions embrace diversity in theory, but they do not do much to implement it. Their inadequate support for ethnic studies is a case in point.
• Strength through Cultural Diversity: Developing and Teaching a Diversity Course
  Describes the design of an interdisciplinary course intended to develop college students' skills in functioning both personally and professionally in a multicultural society. Concepts addressed include the systems and characteristics of culture; individual, familial, community, and cross-cultural dimensions of diversity; differences and similarities between cultures; and conflict and negotiation.
• Pre-Creating the HyperNews Classroom Community: (Not)Speaking, (Not)Writing the Subtext
  As two groups of teachers met to set up a HyperNews network for a grant project, it became clear that politics cannot be kept out of the classroom. In creating a community of diverse writers via HyperNews, six composition classes were linked for online discourse among departments: Asian American Studies, Chicano Studies, Pan African Studies, and English participated in each group.
• Multiculturalism: A Language with Many Dialects
  A participant in a seminar on multiculturalism suggests that the discourse on cultural diversity actually reflects two distinct issues: (1) pluralism, individual dignity, and mutual understanding, and (2) historical oppression and the quest for equity. The challenge for college educators is to bring together these issues and use the college classroom as a locus for social change.
• Cultural Pluralism: The Search for a Theoretical Framework
  This paper addresses the need for teachers to begin with a theoretical framework that prepares them to handle the realities of working with cultural, economic, and language minority students. Two perspectives of cultural pluralism (multicultural education and critical pedagogy) provide such a framework.
• In Search of Empathy within Multicultural Counseling Process
  Empathy has been defined as the single most important dimension in establishing a counseling relationship. This paper describes a study that compares counselor trainees' and a general population of African American males' empathy ratings of racially mixed videotaped counseling sessions.
• Supervisee Multicultural Case Conceptualization Ability and Self-Reported Multicultural Competence as Functions of Supervisee Racial Identity and Supervisor Focus
  Tests the hypothesis that supervisees' (N=116) multicultural case conceptualization ability and self-reported multicultural competence are functions of their racial identity and their supervisors' instruction to focus on multicultural issues. Results indicate that supervisees' racial identity was significantly related to self-reported multicultural competence.
• Exploring Diversity: Literature Themes and Activities for Grades 4-8
  This resource provides a variety of instructional models for using books to give students an awareness of and respect for their own and other people's cultures. The book is designed to help teachers develop various ways of integrating diversity into the curriculum.
• On Knowing the Place: Reflections on Understanding Quality Child Care
  Reflects upon experiences with the First Nations' Partnerships and the European Commission Child Care Network to argue that efforts to understand quality care have been insufficiently sensitive to socioecological and cultural factors related to defining and assessing quality. Argues for a reconceptualization of early childhood care, and presents reactions of professionals, academics, First Nations communities, and Africa Institute participants.
• Educating for Social Competence: A Conceptual Approach to Social Studies Teaching
  Maintains that the broad arenas of the social sciences bind multiple areas of study together, giving added breadth and depth to each. Identifies the basic tenets of multicultural, global, and civic education.
• Multiple Definitions of Multicultural Literature: Is the Debate Really Just "Ivory Tower" Bickering?
  Argues that controversy over the definition of multicultural literature is focused on how many cultures should be covered. Identifies and discusses three key definitions that raise fundamental sociopolitical issues and have differing implications for how multicultural literature is incorporated into the curriculum.
• Tools for Tapping an Intercultural Gold Mine: Integrating International Staff into Your Camp Program
  International camp counselors can enhance the camp environment and improve marketability. Guidelines for achieving a mutually beneficial international camp experience include hiring staff from a variety of countries, establishing a relationship before arrival, actively incorporating international staff into the camp community, incorporating international activities into the routine, including support staff in all-camp activities, and developing a buddy system.
• Talking Circles: A Native American Approach to Experiential Learning
  Talking circles, as a unique instructional approach, can be used to stimulate multicultural awareness while fostering respect for individual differences and facilitating group cohesion. A brief history of the talking circle is followed by detailed instructions, talking circle process questions, ideas for classroom discussion after the activity, and teaching strategies.
• Using Computer Technology to Promote Multicultural Awareness among Elementary School-Age Students
  Elementary school teachers, administrators, and counselors need to implement educational strategies that effectively help children develop skills necessary to manage technological demands and interpersonal challenges related to living in a highly diverse modern society. Discusses projects and activities that involve the use of computers among elementary school students.
• Multicultural Training in Psychology: New Challenges for Institutions, Instructors and Students
  A growing body of creative curricular materials, intended to guide and support the multicultural training of psychologists, has been developed. To enhance these materials, a preliminary evaluation of a multicultural program was conducted in an attempt to understand how students develop into culturally competent clinicians, particularly in terms of acquiring requisite awareness, knowledge, and skills.
• Assessing Business and Marketing Teachers' Attitudes toward Cultural Pluralism and Diversity
  The Pluralism and Diversity Attitude Assessment was used to assess business and marketing teachers' attitudes toward issues related to multicultural education (315 of 1,400 responded). Although they had positive attitudes about the issues, they were resistant toward implementation of cultural pluralism and diversity.
• Mehrsprachige und plurikulturelle Schulmodelle in der Schweiz oder: "What's in a Name?" (Bilingual and Multicultural Education Models in Swiss Schools, or "What's in a Name?")
  In Switzerland, bilingual education models have existed for a long time. Some schools have a bilingual tradition that reaches back to the nineteenth century, as do informal models along the French-German language border.
• Exploring Multiculturalism through Children's Literature: The Batchelder Award Winners
  Argues that international translated literature, seldom available in U.S. classrooms and libraries, fosters tolerance and cultural understanding.
• Conflict in Multiculturalism Classes: Too Much Heat or Too Little?
  The issues that arise in a college course on multiculturalism can touch students very personally and may be a first opportunity for many students to talk face-to-face about important social issues. Anticipating when students may become defensive, angry, hurt, or when conflict might erupt will help faculty know when to lower or raise the temperature in the classroom.
• Culture in school learning: Revealing the deep meaning.
  From book:”Introduces pre- and in-service teachers to the centrality of culture in school learning.The book clearly targets teachers as its audience. The book emphasizes multicultural approaches to curriculum development and instructional techniques.
• Effects of a Hands-on Multicultural Education Program: A Model for Student Learning
  Describes the Center for Human Origin and Cultural Diversity program that is a model for multicultural education in which students learn about the human fossil record, the value of biological variation, and the characteristics common to all humans. Presents results from a study that support the use of this program.
• The Relationship between Racial Identity Development and Multicultural Counseling Competency
  Incoming doctoral students (n=65 European Americans; n=22 People of Color) completed a battery of tests considering the relationship between racial identity development and multicultural counseling competency. Analysis determined that more advanced levels of racial identity development generally correlated with higher levels of multicultural counseling competency, greater amounts of prior multicultural training, and higher self-reported ratings of overall counseling competency.
• Reflections on Multicultural Education: A Teacher's Experience
  Describes a high school-level multicultural course designed to challenge the predominantly white students to reflect upon system power inequities that benefitted many of them directly. Students engaged in social action projects, working with people unlike themselves in organizations that had social justice orientations.
• Democracy, Multiculturalism, and the Community College: A Critical Perspective. Critical Education Practice Volume 5. Garland Reference Library of Social Science Volume 1081
  Focusing on efforts by community colleges to serve an increasingly diverse student population, this book provides case studies illustrating colleges' attempts to provide transfer, vocational, and community education while meeting the demands of students who vary by race, class, gender, and age. Following a brief introduction, the first chapter outlines theories related to critical multiculturalism, border knowledge, and the politics of identity, providing the framework for the remaining chapters.
• Research Update. Multicultural Training in Parks and Recreation Programs
  Parks and recreation professionals need training in multicultural education to handle an increasingly diverse public. Research indicates that most graduate parks-and-recreation education programs do not have multicultural education or gender issues infused into the curriculum.
• Multicultural Reasoning and the Appreciation of Art
  Explicates a multicultural approach to art education that enhances critical thinking. Grounds this approach in the philosophical principles of constructivism that emphasize the student's construction of meaning rather than the passive transmission of knowledge from a teacher.
• Using Art To Teach Multicultural Issues
  Art education can be used to stimulate diverse ways of seeing and thinking. Through bringing about an awareness of diversity and various perspectives, art can lead students to enter into a dialog on different cultures and participate in a world where all experiences offer a richness of diversity.
• An Exploratory Study of Counselor Judgments in Multicultural Research
  Archival data were used to explore intake judgments made by 45 counselors about 344 African American and white clients seen at a counseling center during a 2-year period. Counselor gender was significantly associated with ratings of client severity of current condition.
• Paths to Equity: Cultural, Linguistic and Racial Diversity in Canadian Early Childhood Education
  Childcare centers in Canada's largest cities frequently have children with family languages other than English or French and who are of diverse racial and cultural backgrounds. This three-part study focused on cultural diversity in early childhood education (ECE) settings in Toronto (Ontario), Vancouver (British Columbia), and Montreal (Quebec).
• "Other" Encounters: Dances with Whiteness in Multicultural Education
  Reviews four books in order to examine the contradictory and ambivalent spaces occupied and co-occupied with multicultural education, locating multicultural education within the Eurocentric regimes of truth (democracy, pluralism, and equality) and addressing how the books rectify or contest the regimes of truth moving within and against the parameters of the white studies configuration of higher education. (SM).
• Celebrating Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Head Start
  Noting that the dramatic demographic changes in the United States in the last 30 years require that Head Start programs learn how to access new populations, encourage their participation, and tailor programs to meet their unique needs, this study was commissioned to better understand the diversity in language and culture of the Head Start population.
• Student Protest and Multicultural Reform: Making Sense of Campus Unrest in the 1990s
  Examines college student activism of the 1990s organized around multicultural issues using case studies of protests at five institutions--Mills College (California), University of California at Los Angeles, Pennsylvania State University, Rutgers University (New Jersey), Michigan State University. Identity politics is highlighted as a key student strategy.
• Preschool Children's Classification Skills and a Multicultural Education Intervention To Promote Acceptance of Ethnic Diversity
  Examined the impact of an 8-week intervention program designed to reduce racial/ethnic stereotyping among preschoolers varying in classification skill. Found that children in the experimental group had increased in classification skills at posttest and were less likely to sort photo cards by race/ethnicity and more likely to sort them by gender and age than were control group children.
• Preparing Tomorrow's Teachers: The Field Experience. Teacher Education Yearbook IV
  This yearbook provides educators with current research and practical guidelines for improving the education of teacher candidates and beginning teachers. The book has four sections, each on a particular topic and containing an overview and a response (reflections and implications).
• Correlates of Self-Reported Multicultural Competencies: Counselor Multicultural Social Desirability, Race, Social Inadequacy, Locus of Control Racial Ideology, and Multicultural Training
  Multicultural counseling competencies of university counseling center staff (N=176) were assessed. A one-model multiple regression analysis using a four-step forced entry method accounted for 34% of the variability.
• Censoring by Omission: Has the United States Progressed in Promoting Diversity through Children's Books?
  Examines the promotion of cultural diversity in the United States through childrens books. Discusses the scarcity of multicultural literature for children, ethnic folklore, racial bias in older books for children, new stereotypes in children's literature, political correctness, and ways to enhance access to quality multicultural literature.
• Beyond the Boundaries of Tradition: Cultural Treasures in a High School Theatre Arts Program
  Argues that canonical plays must be critically engaged rather than "handed down," with students discovering much about themselves and each other through their own engagement. Describes how a high-school acting class examined the dramatic work of Latino/a playwrights for their in-class scene work, and used student experiences to create their own scenes about experiences with prejudice.
• Talking Race in Concrete: Leadership, Diversity, and Praxis
  Traditional school administrator programs have neglected the democratic and moral dimensions of leadership preparation. In an increasingly diverse world, leadership theory needs to be reformed as critical, reflective, and concerned with social justice and praxis.
• Making Peace: A Narrative Study of a Bilingual Liaison, a School and a Community
  Explores the role of bilingual liaisons in resolving conflicts and building bridges of understanding between schools and diverse communities, discussing the representation of individuals' voices and narrative forms that engage readers aesthetically and critically; addressing multiple conflicts affecting the lives of minority language students, their families, and schools; and noting the need to move to a paradigm of making peace. (SM).
• Addressing the Needs of Biracial Children: An Issue for Counselors in a Multicultural School Environment
  Focuses on the school counseling concerns of biracial children and the use of developmental school counseling programs as a means of promoting positive self-awareness in biracial students. Views developmental counseling programs as a viable vehicle for promoting awareness of and respect for the many factors that differentiate one person from another.
• Accent Discrimination: Implications for the Multicultural Educational Institution of the 21st Century
  Based on litigation patterns, discrimination because of accent occurs most frequently in colleges and universities, particularly in the classroom. Accent discrimination cases are unlike other employment discrimination cases because successful claims generally do not depend on qualifications, but on accent's effect on job performance.
• Processes and Outcomes in the European Schools Model of Multilingual Education
  In the European Schools model, linguistically and culturally diverse students receive most of their education in their first language but must learn at least two other languages. Content teaching of other subjects in the target languages and the regular mixing of different language groups promote multilingual proficiency and cultural pluralism at no cost to academic development.
• The Multicultural Art Education Debate: Internationally and in New Zealand
  Discusses five ways in which art education seeks to be responsive to cultural difference and diversity internationally: (1) the conservative reaction to minority unrest; (2) rejecting assimilation; (3) pluralism in the curriculum; (4) implications of self-determination; and (5) social reform. Explores the bicultural and multicultural issues in New Zealand.
• Good Days/Bad Days: Learning To Teach in Two Different Multicultural Schools
  This paper presents information regarding two university field programs in two elementary schools in New Orleans (Louisiana), serving culturally diverse children, and it attempts to reveal the influences of each school context on preservice teachers' acquisition of pedagogical content knowledge, their concerns and dilemmas, and their frames of reference about teaching children in a nonmainstream school setting.
• Voices of Cultural Harmony. Spotlight: Montessori--Multilingual, Multicultural
  Asserts the importance of viewing the world as an interrelated system in which each culture and person has important gifts to share. Examines how prejudicial attitudes can be changed through teaching tolerance.
• Designing for diversity in school success: Capitalizing on culture
  This paper notes the potential of capitalizing on cultural traits to improve the learning of diverse students. It outlines strengths that culturally diverse populations possess that could enhance their success in the learning environment and offers recommendations to assist in helping educators to implement changes to accommodate learners' needs.
• Universal-Diverse Orientation and General Expectations about Counseling: Their Relation to College Students' Multicultural Counseling Expectations
  Examines universal-diverse orientation, general counseling expectations, and multicultural counseling expectations in a sample of 186 culturally diverse college students. Findings reveal that college students' universal-diverse orientation and general counseling expectations were positively related to their multicultural counseling expectations.
• Faculty's Perceptions of Pluralism: A Lakeland Community College Study
  As part of a project to develop an instructional model that integrates ideas, readings, and discussion about pluralism and identity across disciplines, Lakeland Community College (LCC), in Ohio, undertook a survey of college faculty to determine their perceptions of multiculturalism and diversity, as well as the methods that they used to incorporate those elements into the classroom.
• Diversity and International. [SITE 2001 Section]
  This document contains papers on diversity and international issues from the SITE (Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education) 2001 conference.
• The Relationship between Multicultural Counseling Training and the Evaluation of Culturally Sensitive and Culturally Insensitive Counselors
  This study on multicultural counseling training contributed significantly to the variance in ratings of a culturally sensitive counselor. No significant contribution was made to the variance in ratings of the culturally insensitive counselor.
• Developing a Rationale for Multicultural Education in Rural Appalachia
  Because of their ethnic/racial homogeneity, Appalachian schools often see multicultural education as irrelevant. Teacher education must link the oppression of Appalachia with that of more visible minority groups; show how knowledge is subjective; and emphasize that true national unity results from honoring diversity.
• Influences of Shared Poetry Texts: The Chorus in Voice
  Discusses the development of voice through a specific free-form poetry-writing experience. Suggests a method for teaching poetry that draws heavily on poets from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds.
• Counseling Muslim Children in School Settings
  Describes basic issues regarding the education and counseling of Muslims. Several issues emerged for concern including home/school relations, family values, peer relations and dating, and curriculum problems.
• Multicultural Art and Visual Cultural Education in a Changing World
  Focuses on multicultural education/art and visual culture education addressing the issues of history, heritage, tradition, culture, personal cultural identity, multiculturalism, multicultural education, and social reconstruction approaches. Provides six position statements for multicultural art and visual culture education and a curriculum example.
• Developing Multicultural Counseling Competencies through Experiential Learning
  This article focuses on experiential learning as a teaching and learning methodology to increase students' multicultural counseling competencies. Outlines ethical and practical suggestions for using experiential learning in multicultural counseling curriculum.
• Curricular Approaches To Developing Positive Interethnic Relations
  Examines how curricular approaches have helped build positive interethnic relations in a large, ethnically diverse high school, documenting four curricular approaches teacher leaders used to address issues of race and ethnicity and exploring the impact of those approaches on student learning. Illuminates how teacher leaders and administrators created the conditions for these curricular reforms to be sustainable.
• Books Can Spark Multicultural Awareness
  Asserts that children are naturally curious about differences around them, and it is important to introduce children early to multicultural awareness. Provides a book list and some tips for using literature as a tool to teach children about differences, similarities, acceptance, and the benefits of living in a varied society.
• Carter G. Woodson Book Awards
  Presents the recipients of the 1999 Carter G. Woodson book awards that honor books focusing on ethnic minorities and race relations in a manner appropriate for young readers; the books cover topics that include the lives of Langston Hughes, Rosa Parks, and Ida B.
• Lies and Truths in the Future of Britain
  Outlines three educational implications of the report, "The Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain": relevance of discussions regarding identity and belonging for citizenship education; stress on gathering and using sound data and suggestions that the education system's failure to collect such data is a prime example of institutional racism; and the argument that the OFSTED inspection system needs radical overhaul. (SM).
• Social, Political, Educational, Linguistic and Cultural (Dis-)Incentives for Languages Education in Australia
  Examines the extent to which the shifting ideological discourse on multiculturalism in Australia affects the personal attitudes and perspectives of bilingual and bicultural Australian born and educated parents of Hellenic background with regard to the education of their children. (Author/VWL).
• In Pursuit of the Multicultural Curriculum: Preparing Students for a Diverse Society
  Recognizing and celebrating diversity while building an inclusive sense of classroom or school community is a challenging endeavor. A successful model encompasses four basic principles: cultural validation and acceptance are inseparable; each school needs its own plan; sophisticated skills are essential; and curriculum sources and communication methods matter.
• Citizenship, Diversity and Distance Learning: Videoconferencing in Connecticut
  Profiles a videoconference that brought together two seventh-grade classes in Connecticut. Over several days, white, middle-class, rural students discussed topical issues with urban black students.
• Standing Ovations and Profound Learning: Cultural Diversity in Theatre
  Describes the profound learning that took place at the International Children's Theatre Festival in Toyama City, Japan in July 2000. Argues that participation by the Japanese-American Drama Ensemble, a youth group from the public schools in Lexington, Massachusetts, and more than 400 children from all over the planet, showcased the cultural diversity that should be taught in the theater.
• Within These Many Lies the American One: Multiculturalism, Citizenship Training, and the Construction of an American "Paideia."
  The idea of an American "paideia" (an ideal national public culture) is implicit in U.S. civic education and citizenship training.
• A Social Studies Educator's Continental Journey
  Describes a social studies educator's experience in moving within the United States from the East to the West coast and how aspects of this geographic change intersected with issues and concerns in social studies education. Concludes that social studies needs to be valued and assessed in order to ensure its survival.
• Tossed Salads: Family Recipes That Define Our Cultures
  Describes a writing assignment in which students think about how their families celebrate their own cultures through special meals or a certain dish, find out how this dish became part of their rituals, write a brief summary of the history of the dish, and write up the recipe itself. (SR).
• "E Pluribus Unum": What Does it Mean? How Should We Respond?
  Charts the intellectual history of competing conceptions of national unity, diversity, and ethnic identity. Explicates three models: monolithic integration (monocultural assimilation of diversity), pluralistic preservation (diversity and unity as equal values), and pluralistic integration (stressing consensus about core civic values while acknowledging the compatibilities and tensions regarding unity and diversity).
• Perceptions of Multiculturalism, Academic Achievement, and Intent To Stay in School among Mexican American Students
  Examined the relationship between perceived multiculturalism of schools, ease of learning, academic achievement, and intent to stay in school among eighth and eleventh graders. Surveys of Mexican-American and European-American students indicated that Mexican-American students who considered their environment multicultural also perceived that school was easier, that they received good grades, and that they would stay in school.
• Religious Music and Multicultural Education
  Discusses religious music as an extraordinarily rich resource supplementing multicultural education. Considers the divisive and problematic nature of some religious music, exemplified by a trio of Jewish students refusal to sing "St.
• Validity of an Observation Screening Instrument in a Multicultural Population
  This study found that the Davis Observation Checklist for Texas, an observational teacher checklist for screening preschool children for communication disorders, demonstrated adequate sensitivity and specificity. The concurrent validity of the checklist was assessed with 59 multicultural children (ages 4 through 5), including Mexican Americans, African Americans, and Anglos.
• Language Policy and Ideological Paradox: A Comparative Look at Bilingual Intercultural Education Policy and Practice in Three Andean Countries
  Recent developments in language policy and educational reform in Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia have opened new possibilities for indigenous languages and their speakers through bilingual intercultural education. Use of the term "intercultural" is examined in official policy documents and in short narratives about intercultural practice by indigenous and non-indigenous educators.
• Assimilation or Pluralism? Changing Policies for Minority Languages Education in Australia
  Traces the effects on Australian language policy of a changing sociolinguistic situation--increasing multilingualism--and a weakening of a monolingual ideology. Analyzes the country' s emergence from an assimilationist past to its embracement of a more multicultural approach with special reference to young Cambodian-Australian's educational achievements that show the vital importance of school support for minority language literacy and students' subsequent professional advancement.
• Video-conferencing for Collaborative Educational Inquiry
  Profiles a series of video conferences that examined the effects of European settlement on the art of Aboriginal peoples in Australia and the cultural conflicts facing contemporary Aboriginal artists. The video conferences brought together Aboriginal artists and Canadian educators.
• Theory and Research on Stereotypes and Perceptual Bias: A Didactic Resource for Multicultural Counseling Trainers
  Theories and selected research on stereotyping and cognitive automaticity are presented as a resource base for multicultural counselor educators. Three multicultural competencies are identified: (1) personal beliefs/attitudes; (2) cultural knowledge; and (3) multicultural skills.
• From Co-Cultures to Community: Diversity at Miami-Dade Community College
  The article presents findings from extensive interviews with faculty, administrators, and staff describing how Miami-Dade Community College serves its multiracial and multicultural district through curriculum design, professional development, and hiring policies. Contains 34 references.
• Confronting the Challenge of Diversity
  Framing diversity as a problem sets the stage for how communities will react to the change. Unfortunately, American schools have historically seen cultural assimilation of immigrants and nonwhites as central to their mission.
• Diversity/Equity. [SITE 2002 Section]
  This document contains the papers on diversity/equity from the SITE (Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education) 2002 conference.
• Multiculturalism in Higher Education: Transcending the Familiar Zone
  A discussion of the debate over multicultural education in colleges and universities looks at the evolution of the movement and examines some myths about it that threaten its effectiveness. An effective approach to multiculturalism is seen to have implications for institutional philosophy, structure, operations, and academic programs.
• The Contradictions of Diversity
  Issues of race, language, ethnicity, and sexual orientation are fundamentally issues of fear and trust. People are simply uncomfortable with those who strike them as different.
• Meeting the Needs of Multiracial and Multiethnic Children in Early Childhood Settings
  Addresses the needs of preschool children whose biological parents come from two or more traditional racial/ethnic groups. Advocates the extension of multiracial curriculum in early childhood programs to support and embrace these multiracial and multiethnic children.
• Creating World Peace, One Classroom at a Time
  Recounts activities from a kindergarten classroom to illustrate how a multicultural approach cultivates a school environment embracing diversity and educating students about responsibilities associated with freedom. Stories include those related to students viewing each other in terms of individual characteristics rather than their ethnic group, creating a mind map for Earth Day, and cooperating with older students to write class letters against child labor.
• Pedagogy of Possibilities: Teaching about Racism in Multicultural Counseling Courses
  Teaching about diversity or multiculturalism in counselor education programs is a challenge. Racism as a topic is an emotionally charged subject.
• Visiting South Africa through Children's Literature: Is it Worth the Trip? South African Educators Provide the Answer
  Shares South African educators' perspectives on 17 selected picture books about South Africa. Finds that they highly recommend these books.
• Diversity and International. [SITE 2001 Section]
  This document contains the papers on diversity and international issues from the SITE (Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education) 2001 conference.
• Meanings of Culture in Multicultural Education: A Response to Anthropological Critiques
  Explores the meanings of culture found in multicultural education in the United States. Examines anthropological criticisms about these cultural connotations, suggests responses to these critiques based on scholarship, and considers implications for the future of multicultural education.
• Multiculturalism and the Community College
  Provides an annotated bibliography of nine recent ERIC documents related to multiculturalism in the community college. Presents documents related to multicultural instructional and program strategies in place at colleges and the role of multicultural education.
• The Role of Teachers in a Cross-cultural Drama
  Examines why there are so few Native American teachers in this country, specifically in the upper Midwest. Describes how one institution has increased the number of native teachers and notes student reactions to assimilation at a traditional, largely white university.
• Promoting Tolerance through Multicultural Education
  This paper describes a program designed to increase student awareness and appreciation of their culture and the cultures of others. The study was conducted in a northern Illinois junior high among 30 eighth grade language arts students.
• Promoting Multicultural Competence: A Cross-Cultural Mentorship Project
  Describes the Cross-Cultural Mentorship Project (CCMP), designed to increase the multicultural competency of Euro-American graduate counseling students and to serve the needs of Native American students as defined by Native American educators in an urban school district. The CCMP model supports mentors in their multicultural development through cultural consultants, academic coursework, and faculty supervision.
• Deriving Multicultural Themes from Bibliotherapeutic Literature: A Neglected Resource
  Analyzes the content of 24 fictional bibliotherapeutic children's books (12 German and 12 U.S.) for divorce themes. G.
• The High-Quality Learning Conditions Needed To Support Students of Color and Immigrants at California Community Colleges. Policy Report.
  California Tomorrow, a non-profit research organization that supports the development of a fair and inclusive multicultural society, conducted this study.
• Culturally Diverse Beliefs Concerning Dying, Death, and Bereavement: A School Psychologist's Intervention Challenge
  School psychologists need to employ a multicultural perspective in the areas of death, dying, and bereavement. To develop multicultural sensitivity and competency requires setting aside one's personal beliefs in an attempt to adopt another's perspective.
• Seeking Ethnocultural Equity through Teacher Education: Reforming University Preservice Programs
  Argues that Canadian schools of education must address social justice issues of ethnicity, culture, and racism; model equitable practices in teacher education programs; and promote equity for all students in public schools. Reviews current debate on multicultural and antiracist education, challenges in pursuing equity in education, and promising preservice programs providing specific direction for reform.
• Exploring the Self-Perceived Multicultural Counseling Competence of Elementary School Counselors
  Counselors (N=76) from an elementary school completed the Multicultural Counseling Competence and Training Survey to assess their perceptions of multicultural competence. The results suggest they perceived themselves to be largely multiculturally competent, except in areas of racial identity development.
• Eurocentrism, Ethnic Studies, and the New World Order: Toward a Critical Paradigm
  Summarizes the general history and progress of what has been accomplished in the areas of ethnic studies and multicultural education. The article argues that ethnic studies programs are actively concerned with developing a paradigm that is anti-Eurocentric and antiracist in content and application.
• The Training and Supervisory Needs of Racial and Ethnic Minority Students
  Despite increasing attention given to multicultural training issues in counseling programs, there is a dearth of information on unique training needs of racial and ethnic minority trainees. Reviews literature relevant to training needs, offers examples of training and supervisory issues, and makes recommendations for future research and training.
• Revista de Investigacion Educativa, 1999 (Journal of Educational Research, 1999).
  Articles in this volume, written in Spanish, focus on the following: intellectual style and academic performance; an explanatory integrated model of academic goals, learning strategies, and academic performance; a comparative situational study of drug addiction; early childhood depression and academic performance: a comparative study of patients and controls, and many others.
• Multiculturalism, Church, and the University
  The article argues for the incorporation of multicultural objectives into Catholic university curriculum; maintains that the Catholic doctrine of diversified unity makes it particularly qualified to mediate among the polarizing elements of multiculturalism;contains 10 broad guidelines for establishing multicultural objectives within a Catholic university. (MJP).
• The High-Quality Learning Conditions Needed To Support Students of Color and Immigrants at California Community Colleges. Policy Report.
  California Tomorrow, a non-profit research organization that supports the development of a fair and inclusive multicultural society, conducted this study. The research sought to answer three questions: (1) What are the experiences of Latino, African American, Asian, Native American, white, and immigrant students in the community college system, and what are the systemic barriers and supports they encounter? (2) What strategies are being used for the recruitment, outreach, guidance, and support of traditionally underrepresented students, and what is the perceived success of these strategies? And (3) what forms of professional development and support do faculty and staff need and find useful to help them respond more effectively to the needs of these students?.
• Whites Trashing Whites: Multiculturalism's Liberal Guilt Trip
  Presents the opinions of a white, male literature professor who attended a conference of college writing teachers and was distressed because the overwhelmingly white audience listened quietly as speakers used the platform to identify whites as oppressors of minorities and linguistic imperialists. The paper questions the view that Standard English usage oppresses minorities.
• Learner Centered Schools as a Mindset, and the Connection with Mindfulness and Multiculturalism
  After acknowledging that learning and knowing are coconstructed social processes created and shared by teachers and students as learners, the paper examines mindfulness and multiculturalism as learner-centered processes. Mindfulness, multiculturalism, and learner centeredness are interdependent mindsets that encourage interplay between teacher, student, and content and that mediate the classroom environment.
• W(R)i(t/d)ing on the Border: Reading our Borderscape
  Provides a counter story focusing on the U.S./Mexico border that is a borderscape requiring active and tacit engagements and uses the genre of Critical Race Theory in which the experiential and intrinsic complexity of story knowledge depends on the Other's lived experiences. Attempts to unmask the hegemony of social injustices.
• Diversity Education in Administrator Training: Preparation for the 21st Century
  This article investigates the impact and necessity of multicultural training in administrator-preparation programs, and the extent to which administrators can ensure that teachers honor diversity. The importance of the quality of the administrator's training is emphasized.
• Promoting Cultural Awareness and the Acceptance of Diversity through the Implementation of Cross-Cultural Activities
  An action research project implemented a program for developing tolerance through increased cultural awareness. Targeted population consisted of third grade and high school students in a rural, middle class community in western Illinois.
• A Theoretical Framework for Training Monolingual School Psychologists to Work with Multilingual/Multicultural Children: An Exploration of the Major Competencies
  Suggests major competencies needed by all school psychologists, especially when working with culturally and linguistically diverse students. Suggestions were gathered from practitioners in the field, published data, literature reviews, and personal observations.
• A Diversity Grab Bag
  Suggests 15 strategies for introducing the concept of diversity to children including: (1) promoting conversation; (2) making the familiar different; (3) exploring music; (4) learning about celebrations; (5) showing objects; (6) taking field trips; (7) introducing foods; (8) encouraging empathy; (9) collaborating with different people; and (10) communicating with parents. (SD).
• Cultural Diversity in Catholic Schools: Challenges and Opportunities for Catholic Educators
  This book examines sociocultural factors that affect teaching and learning in today's Catholic elementary and secondary schools. The first chapter, "Cultural Diversity: An Important but Problematic Issue," discusses how demographic and societal changes have created a greater need for cultural diversity in education, and stresses the ambiguities inherent in addressing this diversity.
• Projecting the Voices of Others: Issues of Representation in Teaching Race and Ethnicity
  Discusses the practice of first-person accounts in curriculum examinations of race and ethnicity. Refutes the essentialist notion that only members of a particular group can address issues concerning that group.
• Precollegiate Anthropology: Its Potential for the Twenty-first Century
  Considers the role anthropology can play in addressing multicultural issues in education. Maintains that through the study of various cultures students can build respect and value for diversity, understand that human behavior is influenced by culture, and create an understanding of the similarity of human experiences and concerns.
• Refocusing the Lens: A Closer Look at Universities in the New Millennium
  Discusses the need to modify higher education's European-oriented curriculum and culture to become more inclusive of other cultures and languages and to refuse to comply with the status quo, noting that in the coming years, present-day minorities will become the majority. Higher education institutions must regard diversity as an asset and multicultural/multilingual universities as centers of opportunity.
• Are the Teachers' Manuals in Basal Readers Helpful for Discussing Race in Multicultural Stories?
  A study examined the usefulness of the instructional recommendations in basal reader program teachers' manuals for discussing race in multicultural stories. Three recently published basal reader series widely used in the Capital District of New York State were used in this analysis: Harcourt Brace (1995), Houghton Mifflin (1993), and MacMillan (1993).
• Basic Concepts of Intercultural Communication: Selected Readings
  This collection of articles, with a developmental learning focus, explores the core building blocks of intercultural communication. The articles in the collection represent the theory-into-practice school of intercultural communication.
• The Counselor as a Member of a Culturally Proficient School Leadership Team
  The paradigm presented in this chapter is predicated on certain assumptions about the future of schools and schooling as well as the role of the school counselor. These assumptions include: the cultural and demographic profile of school counselors will continue to be different from students; the counselor will have an ever-present role on school leadership teams; although the traditional high school will continue, alternative programs will proliferate; and the counselor will have career, personal, and civic functions, and the cultural proficiency model will be inextricably linked with these functions.
• Understanding Cultural Diversity and Learning
  Two contrasting educational responses to cultural diversity are discussed. One is a core curriculum education movement and the other is a multicultural education movement.
• Mentors in Medicine
  Introduces the Health Sciences and Technology Academy (HSTA) which was created by West Virginia University for secondary school students to address the shortage of minorities pursuing science careers. Aims to improve science and mathematics education and increase the college attendance rate among underrepresented students.
• Developing Moral Community in a Pluralist Setting
  The author helped St. Andrew's Scots School, in Buenos Aires, formulate a statement of values that did justice to the school's "Scottish" past, its multicultural present, and its future.
• Multicultural Curriculum in Higher Education
  Discusses cultural wars in academic disciplines and among populations within college and university campuses. Examines multiculturalism and the curriculum, ranging from reform of basic curricular requirements to the persistence of ethnic and gender studies programs, and considers opportunities for effecting change in academic libraries.
• Provocative and Powerful Children's Literature--Developing Teacher Knowledge and Acceptance of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity
  A study examined personal written responses of novice white teachers to address methods, patterns, and implications of teachers' responses to powerful and provocative multicultural children's literature. Ten children's books were read orally and 150 responses from 15 graduate students in an elementary education course were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.
• Multicultural Career Counseling: Ten Essentials for Training
  Critical areas in which career counselors need training are as follows: demographics, world of work, career and multicultural counseling competence, career counseling process, multicultural counseling theories, career development models, career assessment, barriers to career development, culturally sensitive career centers, and continuing professional development. (Contains 49 references.) (SK).
• Reconceptualizing Literacy in the New Age of Multiculturalism and Pluralism. A Volume in Language, Literacy, and Learning
  The 17 chapters in this collection of papers are on cultural literacy, cultural pluralism, and diversity.
• Music Appreciation Class: Broadening Perspectives
  Outlines approaches for introducing multicultural music into the standard music appreciation class. Notes the close relationship and influence shared by Middle Eastern and Western music and recommends using this as a starting point.
• Beyond the Food Court: Goals and Strategies for Teaching Multiculturalism
  Explores the reasons why higher education must incorporate gender and multicultural scholarship and perspectives into the curriculum. Argues for the type of multiculturalism that focuses on identifying and deconstructing privilege and hierarchy.
• Using Computer Technology to Promote Multicultural Awareness among Elementary School-Age Students
  Elementary school teachers, administrators, and counselors need to implement educational strategies that effectively help children develop skills necessary to manage technological demands and interpersonal challenges related to living in a highly diverse modern society. The article discusses projects and activities that involve the use of computers among elementary school students.
• A Call for Multicultural Counseling in Middle Schools
  Defines multicultural middle school counseling and outlines three main reasons for offering multicultural counseling designed specifically for young adolescents. Outlines problems faced by non-native students and presents guidelines for middle school counselors who work in multicultural settings.
• "I Know English so many, Mrs. Abbott": Reciprocal Discoveries in a Linguistically Diverse Classroom
  Describes a first-grade classroom to illustrate a classroom environment that supports second-language learners while drawing on linguistic diversity to enrich the language learning of all students. Discusses resources and routines; as well as risks and rewards both in a rich language arts curriculum as well as in the social environment.
• Exploring Ethnic-Specific Literature: A Unity of Parents, Families, and Educators
  Argues that making ethnic-specific literature integral to the literature program enhances a sense of community. Describes ways of exploring and reading ethnic-specific literature, and lists some titles for adults, young adults, and children.
• Manitoba Study on Multicultural Training for Apprenticeship Pays Off
  A study assessed the usefulness and effectiveness of a self-instructional print module on multicultural behavior change in learners in trade apprenticeships. The module had a significant effect on learning and retention, a moderate effect on attitude.
• IFTE 1995: Some Notes from a Subgroup
  Within the paradigm of cultural pluralism, four areas seem worth exploring in depth: (1) language and power; (2) multiculturalism vs/as cultural pluralism; (3) English itself--the discipline, course, and class; and (4) individual vs/as the collective.
• Building Cross-Cultural Bridges--Cultural Analysis of Critical Incidents
  Culture forms the basis for cross-cultural awareness and understanding. The initial response to a new culture is to find it fascinating, exotic, and thrilling.
• Community Leadership in a Pluralistic Society
  Describes the characteristics of effective leadership and leaders, observing that good leadership entails the judicious balancing of stability and change, the incorporation of diverse opinions including those of subordinate as well as dominant individuals and groups, and the ability to learn from school discord and failure. Asserts that good leaders are people who live in, between, and beyond their indigenous groups.
• Internal Mediation Services: Conflict Management in a Multicultural Higher Education Environment
  Discussion of intercultural conflicts among college and university faculty and staff looks at the role of internal mediation services, focusing on steps that should be followed by the mediator, mediator attributes contributing to successful resolution, and the importance of mediators and human resource professionals developing an awareness of intercultural differences that are often the root cause of conflict. (Author/MSE).
• Electronic and Linguistic Connections in One Diverse 21st-Century Classroom
  Explores one vision of a multifaceted classroom community (comprised of teachers, an intern, cross-age tutors, students, and parent volunteers, all from a variety of language and ethnic backgrounds) in a classroom where authentic discourse and language diversity flourish as children develop many electronic and non-electronic literacies. Notes that learning events involve teaching by assisting performance rather than by repetition and recitation.
• Citizenship Education in Multicultural Society--What Can We Learn from Israel?
  Studied the attitudes of 37 Israeli secondary-school counselors towards immigrant students and citizenship education. Most believed that implementation of citizenship education is a school wide enterprise, and most supported an assimilationist perspective for immigrant students.
• Oyster School Stands the Test of Time
  Describes Oyster Elementary School's award-winning two-way bilingual (Spanish-English) program. The school's success has been maintained by strong parent and community support, high academic standards, and ongoing professional development efforts.
• The Diversity Board: Encouraging Students To Interact with Others in a Multicultural Society
  This paper offers a lesson plan for a classroom activity, called the "diversity board" which challenges and encourages college students to think seriously about what diversity means and how diversity influences behaviors and communication between people.
• The Asset of Cultural Pluralism: An Account of Cross-Cultural Learning in Pre-Service Teacher Education
  Highlights a Canadian preservice educator in a cross- cultural course who worked with student teachers to understand how they encountered one another's diverse attitudes and values, promoting a theory of cross-cultural education that validated experiential interactions as moments of learning. This led to a vision of pluralism where diversity helped create interpretive competence through encounters of difference and self-study.
• 1998 Notable Books for a Global Society: A K-12 List
  Presents brief annotations of 25 outstanding books for children and young adults, published in 1997, that are culturally authentic, rich in cultural details, and that celebrate both diversity and the common bonds of humanity. (SR).
• Multicultural Training in Art Therapy: Past, Present, and Future
  Describes the past and current state of multicultural education within the art therapy profession. Models for curriculum and educational delivery are offered along with suggestions for the future development of multiculturalism within the profession.
• The Relationship between Multicultural Counseling Training and the Evaluation of Culturally Sensitive and Culturally Insensitive Counselors
  In this study multicultural counseling training contributed significantly to the variance in ratings of a culturally sensitive counselor. No significant contribution was made to the variance in ratings of the culturally insensitive counselor.
• Multicultural Admission: From Paper Policy to Institutional Commitment
  Discusses the dilemma faced by college admissions officers of color who become frustrated when a college or university's diversity rhetoric is more substantial than its diversity commitment. Issues addressed include legislative pressure, crisis response, progressive planning, response of the chief admission officer, and response of the multicultural admission officer.
• A Successful Program for Struggling Readers
  Notes that a "staggering number" of struggling readers in the United States are African American children and other students of color. Outlines characteristics of successful schools for struggling readers, and details effective teaching techniques.
• Reconceptualizing Literacy in the New Age of Multiculturalism and Pluralism. A Volume in Language, Literacy, and Learning
  The 17 chapters in this collection of papers are on Cultural Literacy,Cultural Pluralism, Black Culture,Elementary Secondary Education,English (Second Language),Higher Education,Hispanic American Students,Preservice Teacher Education.
• Multiculturalism, Race, and Education
  Reports on a telephone survey that examined the extent of support given to multicultural education (MCE) by whites and blacks. Results from 348 respondents found strong support for the concept of MCE, but issues of implementation were more contr