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• Multicultural Education. Theory to Practice
  Teachers from two urban elementary schools completed surveys about their multicultural education practices. The surveys examined demographics, content integration, instructional and grouping practices, and parent-community involvement practices.
• Teaching Asian American Students
  Uses data from interviews with parents of Asian American students, observations, and literature reviews to identify cultural and language issues that must be considered in teaching this population. The paper discusses the history of Asian immigrants, attitudes toward education among Asians, the relationship between teaching styles and Asian culture, and suggestions for teachers working with Asian American students.
• Service-Learning in Teacher Education: Enhancing the Growth of New Teachers, Their Students, and Communities
  This book provides teacher educators, administrators, practicing teachers who work with preservice teachers, policymakers, and researchers with information on the conceptual, research, and application areas of service-learning in preservice teacher education.
• Successful Strategies in Multi-Ethnic Schools: A Summary of Recent Research
  Summarizes approaches identified in recent research that were used in schools in the United Kingdom that were effective in educating minority students. These effective schools were characterized by strong leadership, shared vision and goals, school organization, and high expectations for students.
• The Chula/Fish Creek Connection
  Describes a social studies cultural exchange program between a public school and a Canadian native school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Outlines how the students became mutual inquirers into one another's cultures.
• Bringing Stories into the Classroom
  This annotated bibliography was prepared to supplement a discussion of "low tech," low cost alternatives to use in teaching. It lists 63 children's books and folktales that present messages about human nature and that can be used to add a multicultural element to the classroom.
• Issues in Mathematics Education with African American Students
  To teach mathematics successfully to African Americans, there must be modification of what math is as a knowledge. Recently, a framework was composed which delineated four disparate dimensions of math as a type of knowledge and how assessment varies as a result of the definitions.
• Finding a Path to History and Culture
  Maintains that music technology growth can assist teachers in implementing interdisciplinary approaches involving history, culture, and music. Presents suggested classroom strategies utilizing CD-ROMs and other interactive media technology.
• Teaching Mathematics from a Multicultural Perspective
  Describes principles and instructional strategies for teaching mathematics to culturally diverse students, explaining: fundamental principles of multicultural mathematics; approaches to multicultural mathematics instruction (e.g., portrayal of cultural groups in instructional materials and historical roots of mathematics concepts); and instructional strategies for diverse students (e.g., high expectations, questioning, cooperative learning, and technology use). (SM).
• But That's Just Good Teaching! The Case for Culturally Relevant Pedagogy
  Describes the centrality of culturally relevant pedagogy to academic success for minority students who are poorly served in public schools, discussing linkages between school and culture, examining the theoretical grounding of culturally relevant teaching in the context of a study of successful teachers of black students. Provides examples of culturally relevant teaching practices.
• Monocultural versus Multicultural Teaching: How To Practice What We Preach
  Although counseling and counseling psychology have experienced a rapid growth of professional preparation courses and have seen a proliferation of literature on multicultural counseling, few changes have been reported on how to teach from a multicultural perspective. Provides personal account of how one professor structures a multicultural counseling course.
• A Train of Thought
  Explains that multicultural literature should be taught because it reflects genuine family, socioeconomic, philosophical, and geographical circumstances. Proposes that students should read to not only include but to affirm multicultural voices.
• Children's Literature as a Springboard for Music
  Maintains that children's literature is a treasure waiting to be discovered by music educators. Describes how children's literature can enhance student motivation, creativity, and foster multicultural education.
• The African Mosaic: New Lessons from Humanity's Homeland
  Explores the wealth of learning opportunities arising from the study of Africa and its peoples. Students must learn about the history, traditions, and diversity of Africa, rather than focusing narrowly on the problems of recent years.
• The Business Education Index 1996. Index of Business Education Articles and Research Studies Compiled from a Selected List of Periodicals Published during the Year 1996. Volume 57
  This index, which was compiled from a selected list of 45 periodicals published in 1996, lists more than 2,000 business education articles and research studies. Articles are listed under the following subject categories and subcategories: basic business, communications, curriculum, document, general educational issues,information systems, personnel issues,teaching issues,teaching strategies .
• Multicultural Issues and Attention Deficit Disorders
  Current inadequacies in addressing the instructional needs of multicultural students with attention deficit disorder (ADD) are discussed, along with language and learning style issues. Approaches for instruction and evaluation of students are suggested that take into account diverse learning styles.
• Everybody's Story
  Describes Happy Medium School, Seattle (Washington), a school in which diversity is respected and exploring diversity is an essential part of the curriculum. Teachers at this school regard school as a part of each student's extended family and consider things that happen at home to be a legitimate topic for classroom discussion.
• New Approaches to Multiculturalism Reviewed
  Provides capsule reviews of a number of publications related to multicultural education and minority students in the United Kingdom. Focuses on five treatments of multicultural education and antiracist education and comments briefly on 14 other books related to issues of minority education.
• Language Barriers and Teaching Music
  Maintains that every public school student deserves an opportunity to study a musical instrument. Asserts that a limited command of English should not prevent a student from being accepted into instrumental music class or hinder that student's progress.
• Integrating the Arts: Renaissance and Reformation in Arts Education
  Asserts that the general educational curriculum tends to be fragmented and compartmentalized and that this situation would be improved by curriculum integration. Argues that an interdisciplinary arts approach would require new teacher attitudes and instructional strategies.
• Critical Multiculturalism: Rethinking Multicultural and Antiracist Education
  This collection brings together the traditions of commitment to antiracist education and identity-based education. Selections from academic commentators on multicultural education link educational theory and practice in the discussion of culturally pluralist schooling.
• The Impact of a Standards Guided Equity and Problem Solving Institute on Participating Science Teachers and Their Students
  This study examined the effect of a teacher enhancement project combining training on the National Science Education Standards, problem solving and equity education on middle school science teachers' attitudes and practices and, in turn, the attitudes of their students.
• Action Research and Practical Inquiry: Multicultural Content Integration in Gifted Education: Lessons from the Field
  An informal survey of 71 teachers of the gifted participating in an in-service course on gifted education suggested that many teachers had goals and experiences related to multicultural curricula for gifted children. Through the survey, teachers also identified obstacles they encountered in implementing multicultural activities and benefits they perceived.
• Promoting Multicultural Education: A Holistic Approach
  Discusses the efforts by many of the major student affairs professional associations to develop training and teaching methods that will prepare practitioners for the changing student populations on university campuses. Article summarizes the critical multicultural objectives from the most recent student affairs philosophy statements and applies theory to practice from a holistic perspective.
• Reading Researchers in Search of Common Ground
  Investigating what 11 eminent literacy scholars with diverse philosophies could agree to regarding contexts and practices for teaching reading, this book presents comprehensive analyses of these findings, dubbed the "Expert Study," and their implications. It includes a reprint of the 1998 article "Points of Agreement:.
• Mask-making and the Art in Multicultural Art Education
  Profiles the use of mask-making in an art education program at San Pedro Academy in Los Angeles. San Pedro is an all-male private school for elementary, middle and high school students with emotional and behavioral problems.
• Understanding Language, Community, and Culture in the Teaching-learning Process
  Reviews four books by respected scholars in the field of multicultural education. These works present conceptual resources and pedagogical strategies to help explain the importance of understanding the language, community, and culture of students.
• Teaching Every Child Every Day: Learning in Diverse Schools and Classrooms. Advances in Teaching and Learning Series
  Chapters in this book address the problems faced in today's diverse neighborhoods, schools, and classrooms, as well as the opportunities diversity provides. The schools, teachers, administrators, families, and communities drawn on in these selections provide examples of the effective integration of what is known about achieving success for all students as they illustrate what can be and is being done.
• The Acceptance of a Multicultural Education among Appalachian College Students
  Explored the multicultural predispositions of 437 students in a Central Appalachian university, discovering which sort of multicultural programs garner weaker and stronger support. Tested explanatory models incorporating a mix of 21 independent variables, some drawn from sociological, psychological, and political science studies of reactions to other multicultural programs.
• Where in the Oregon Trail Is Carmen Sandiego? A Commentary on Software and Its Sensitivity to Diversity
  Addresses cultural biases, language biases, cultural sensitivity, and the authenticity of educational software for children, critiquing several popular educational programs and revealing the pitfalls of software design and the problem among software engineers (lack of training and lack of cultural knowledge). Proposes tips to help parents and educators choose culturally relevant, appropriate educational software packages for their children.
• Multicultural Self-Development in the Preservice Classroom: Equity Education for the Dominant Culture
  European American educators can no longer ignore or presume to "serve" other sociocultural groups simply by changing those groups. Within a democratic and pluralistic society, individuals must be equally willing to modify their own beliefs and actions in light of the experiences and concerns of others.
• Sharing the Responsibility: A Study of a Comprehensive Approach to Teacher Preparation for Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Urban Middle Level Schools
  Examined effectiveness of a teacher education program emphasizing skills and knowledge needed in multicultural, multilingual urban middle school settings. Found that candidates were already culturally/linguistically sensitive, and became more so during the program; felt prepared to meet student needs; and still had difficulty envisioning the "practice" of these new teaching methods.
• Merits and Perils of Teaching about Other Cultures
  Suggest that it is important for students to be taught about multi-cultural history, but in order to ensure that multi-cultural education is a glue, rather than a solvent, of U.S. community, there must be dedicated, knowledgeable, and honest teaching that reveals to students the ways in which all human beings are alike.
• Classrooms for Learners, Not Winners and Losers
  Differentiated instruction is an umbrella concept that allows teachers to pull together many disparate messages about multicultural education, alternative teaching and learning strategies, alternative assessments, learning styles, and standards. Developing a range of instructional strategies represents a fine tuning, not a new instrument.
• Multicultural Nursing Education
  Multicultural nursing education should go beyond teaching respect for values and beliefs to integrate multiculturalism throughout the educational environment. Raising awareness, developing critical thinking, supporting diverse ways of learning, and using conflict creatively are some strategies that can be applied.
• The Unintended Classroom: Changing the Angle of Vision of International Education
  Appeals to international schools to help widen the angle of vision through which students view the world. Cautions that this broadening of vision must be balanced with the understanding that national educational communities fear a loss of identity in the "global village." (Contains 20 references.) (EMH).
• Discomfort Zones: Learning about Teaching with Care and Discipline in Urban Schools
  Multicultural principles, discipline, and curriculum theory should be integrated and revisited across the teacher-education program via case studies, portfolio assessment, and field experiences. Authors deplore prescriptive, procedural approaches to teaching and value ongoing faculty/student conversations, university alliances with "best" teachers and principals, and trust in children's power.
• Mrs. Boyd's Fifth-Grade Inclusive Classroom: A Study of Multicultural Teaching Strategies
  Examined strategies used by one multicultural fifth grade teacher to nurture academic excellence in an inclusive classroom environment. Observation and interview data highlighted accommodation activities that supported and encouraged all students without limiting or impeding their academic or social development.
• Defining "Science" in a Multicultural World: Implications for Science Education
  Examines the definition of science put forward from multicultural perspectives in contrast to the universalist perspective of science. Argues that good science explanations will always be universal, even if indigenous knowledge is incorporated as scientific knowledge.
• Schools Fit for All
  In teacher-education programs, discussions of multiculturalism have been largely separate from those about inclusion of students with disabilities. Classrooms have always been heterogeneous.
• International Education: Flying Flags or Raising Standards?
  Contends that many national schools are trying to establish an international mindset, while researchers in the field of International Education have found little uniformity in such institutions. Asserts that meeting standards, such as those of the Alliance for International Education, would provide a clearer idea of what constitutes quality for international schools.
• Cultural Diversity and Social Skills Instruction: Understanding Ethnic and Gender Differences
  This book affirms that the behaviors of young people from culturally diverse populations need to be viewed from a cultural perspective, and that instruction should affirm students and empower them to achieve maximally as well as to benefit others. A theme that underlies the entire book is the advocacy of direct instruction in social skills, followed by opportunities for practice and conditions for maintenance.
• Voicing Differences: Encouraging Multicultural Learning
  Student-affairs graduate students (N=70) adopted a "voice," other than their own, for a semester. Journal entries reveal steps the students took in learning to see through the eyes of individuals different from themselves.
• Learning Together
  Describes a teaching assignment at a Department of Defense (DoD) high school in Puerto Rico with bilingual Latin students influenced by island cultures. Discusses classroom cultural awareness and the importance of understanding and appreciating students' backgrounds when cultural or ethnic differences exist in the science classroom.
• The Use of Case Studies in Preparing Teachers for Cultural Diversity
  Cases offer prospective teachers vicarious experience in culturally different settings. This paper uses examples of cases from the Teachers for Alaska Program, which successfully altered the way teachers educated culturally diverse students.
• Personal Experience as a Guide To Teaching
  Analyzes teacher educators' experiences using storytelling about teaching to prepare second-career teacher candidates to critically reflect on their practice and teach for diversity. Using stories, prospective teachers developed retrospective explanations and justifications for their teaching practices, constructing platforms from which to launch future actions.
• The Multicultural Science Framework: Research on Innovative Two-Way Immersion Science Classrooms
  Reviews the different approaches to multicultural science teaching that have emerged in the past decade, focusing on the Spanish-English two-way immersion classroom, which meets the needs of Spanish speakers learning English and introduces students to the idea of collaboration across languages and cultures. Two urban two-way immersion classrooms in Texas and New York are described.
• Multicultural Literature, Equity Education, and the Social Studies
  Considers the value of multicultural literature as a means of promoting social development for the greater good of society. Multicultural literature can be used across grade levels and subject areas to promote substantive social development, and it can improve the social studies curriculum by supplementing traditional materials.
• Teaching Sciences: The Multicultural Question Revisited
  Summarizes the case for a universalist approach to science education. Examines the weaknesses of universalism within the limits of human cognitive capabilities in constraining what we understand about nature, a description of reality as a flux, and the disunity of science and the role of culturally different forms and social organization of research shaping the cognitive content of the sciences.
• Multi-Tasking in Science: Meeting the Challenge of Change
  Explains the multitasking approach to instruction and how it fits to a diverse student population. Focuses on one such program for high school science students in North Carolina.
• Education. CUNY Panel: Rethinking the Disciplines. Women in the Curriculum Series
  This collection of four essays examines the ways in which education, as a discipline, currently reflects ongoing scholarship on gender, race, ethnicity, social class, and sexual orientation. In "Teacher Education and Multicultural Education: Research, Students, and Teaching" Carl A.
• Assessing Preservice Teachers' Zones of Concern and Comfort with Multicultural Education
  Examined preservice teachers' concerns and comfort with concepts and practices advocated as approaches to multicultural education. Data from surveys conducted at different points throughout a cultural-awareness course indicated that students believed in the need for multicultural education but differed greatly regarding choices for preferred approaches to multicultural education.
• What Do Teachers Teach? A Survey of America's Fourth and Eighth Grade Teachers. Civic Report
  This report contains results from a survey of U.S. fourth and eighth grade teachers that examined their teaching philosophies, classroom teaching methods and practices, academic expectations for students, and opinions on other education policy issues.
• "I Wish I Could Have Been There Dancing with You": Linking Diverse Communities through Social Studies and Literature
  Profiles the Indiana Exchange Project, an endeavor that uses technology to link fourth-grade teachers and students from three geographically and ethnically diverse communities. The students exchange letters, photographs, response journals, local newspapers, and videotapes of classroom and community activities.
• Strategies for Teaching in a Culturally Responsive Manner
  This study examines how student teachers and teacher practitioners approach cultural diversity in their classrooms, teachers' underlying assumptions about teaching to diversity, and specific strategies used by teachers in their classrooms. The study tested the capacity of five culturally responsive pedagogy competencies to elicit specific strategies for implementing these competencies in elementary and secondary classroom settings across urban, suburban, and rural school districts.
• Epistemic Universalism and the Shortcomings of Curricular Multicultural Science Education
  Identifies both epistemic and political shortcomings in the portrayal of science found in curricular multicultural science education. This approach denies the unique characteristics of Western science as it ignores the particular strengths of other systems of thought and has the unexpected political effect of reaffirming scientism.
• A Multicultural Framework: Transforming Curriculum, Transforming Students
  Discusses efforts to bring a multicultural perspective to a 200-level course on the sociology of health and aging as a means of addressing broader multicultural curriculum transformation issues. The course is constructed around students' examination of four basic questions concerning their own experiences with exclusion and entitlement.
• Language Policy and Pedagogy: Essays in Honor of A. Ronald Walton
  This edited volume brings together 14 diverse articles dealing with various aspects of language policy and pedagogy.
• Overcoming Silences: Comment on "Teaching as an Encounter with the Self: Unraveling the Mix of Personal Beliefs, Education Ideologies, and Pedagogical Practices."
  Explores ways teacher educators can create learning spaces in their classrooms that may initiate explorations of self, beliefs, ideologies, and practice that embrace the diversity of all students. (SLD).
• Language Strategies To Raise Achievement in Business Education
  Describes the difficulties low achieving students, many of whom are from ethnic minorities, have in dealing with the language of Business Studies in the British curriculum and suggests some strategies to raise language awareness within the discipline and increase the business vocabularies of students. (SLD).
• Dealing with Diversity. Ensuring Success for Every Student
  Four essays consider aspects of ensuring that every child can succeed in school. The first, "Appearing Acts: Creating Readers in a High School English Class" (Joan Kernan Cone), explores the self-perceptions of students and uses them to inspire their enthusiasm for reading.
• Constructing Conceptions of Multicultural Teaching: Preservice Teachers' Life Experiences and Teacher Education
  Addresses the need for greater understanding of the complex, contradictory nature of preservice teachers' life experiences as they interact with a multicultural, social reconstructionist teacher education course. The paper describes a study of the course and portrays two students' prior experiences that influenced their motivations to teach multiculturally.
• Mixed Media: A Roundup of CD-ROM and Electronic Products
  Highlights multicultural materials that are useful for teaching students of all ages (elementary through college level). These include such CD-ROM products as "The Ellis Island Experience" and "The Civil Rights Movement in the United States" and such World Wide Web-based products as "Diversify Your World," "American Slavery: A Complete Autobiography," and "International Index to Black Periodicals Full Text." (SM).
• Experiential Exercises for Increasing Self-Awareness and an Appreciation of Racially and Ethnically Diverse Populations
  Describes experiential exercises used by the author to facilitate both self-awareness and an appreciation of the impact of race and culture in the United States in a group of students consisting mainly of undergraduate social work majors. These exercises generate deep reflection and personal insights on race and ethnicity.
• Evaluation of Supplemental Instruction at the College Level
  Describes a new method of evaluating the Supplemental Instruction (SI) model as implemented in a high-risk biology course at an urban multicultural university campus. Examination grades indicated that the average grade of participants in classes that had SI sessions was significantly higher than that of participants in classes where SI sessions were not offered.
• Equity and Diversity in Classroom Computer Use: A Case Study
  A case study explored how an effective teacher in an urban multicultural classroom uses computers. Identified effective management and instructional strategies.
• Beyond Affirmative Action: Reframing the Context of Higher Education
  Based on extensive interviews with Latino and Latina students and faculty, this book introduces a theory of "multicontextuality" that proposes that many people learn better when teachers emphasize whole systems of knowledge and that education can create its greatest successes by offering and accepting many approaches to teaching and learning.
• The Preliterate Student: A Framework for Developing an Effective Instructional Program. ERIC/AE Digest
  A special subgroup of Limited English Speaking students is often referred to as students with limited formal schooling (LFS) or "preliterates" because they have not yet had the opportunity to learn to read. This digest explores important aspects of the LFS student population, defining LFS students and discussing their impact on schools, individualized language development plans, classroom instruction, and the assessment of the LFS student.
• Equity Pedagogy: An Essential Component of Multicultural Education
  Equity pedagogy involves teaching strategies and environments that help diverse students attain necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes for functioning effectively within a just, democratic society. The article examines how equity pedagogy interacts with other dimensions of multicultural education (content integration, knowledge construction process, prejudice reduction, and social structure).
• Cooperative Learning: Effective Approach to a Multicultural Society
  Tension and anxiety are prevalent among students from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. With the rapidly changing population demographics of the United States and the significant growth of diverse multicultural groups, schools and professionals are being challenged as to how to provide the best comprehensive education to their increasingly diverse student populations.
• Transformative Teaching for Multicultural Classrooms: Designing Curriculum and Classroom Strategies for Master's Level Teacher Education
  Teacher educators have done relatively little to develop multicultural curricula specific to continuing professional education of inservice teachers. Presents one professor's approach to educating for cultural diversity in a master's level course, "Cultural Issues in Classrooms and Curricula," describing experiences that participants had during the class, explaining the instructional framework, and discussing six teachers' approaches to educational diversity.
• Family Diversity in Urban Schools. ERIC/CUE Digest, Number 148
  This digest identifies several common types of nontraditional families and presents a few of their characteristics relevant to their children's education. It also offers some recommendations to help schools provide support for the families to ensure their inclusion in all aspects of schooling.
• The Practice of Performance in Teaching Multicultural Literature
  Describes the use of a strategy of performance in teaching a general-education course on the "American experience." Each student was asked to select a segment of an assigned text and perform it. Discusses advantages of this type of student-centered experiential teaching.
• Symposium on Early Childhood Education (Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, November 9-10, 1997). Abstracts.
  This book compiles abstracts of presentations from a symposium held in honor of Dr. Bernard Spodek, a leading scholar in early childhood education, on the occasion of his retirement.
• Service-Learning for Multicultural Teaching Competency: Insights from the Literature for Teacher Educators
  Examined the literature to answer: (1) "What outcomes have resulted from preservice teachers' involvement in service-learning activities in diverse community settings?" and (2) "What challenges exist to enhance their multicultural teaching competencies through service-learning?" Summarizes three challenges (e.g., the resiliency of preservice teachers' negative attitudes toward children and families of color; service-learning activities that emphasize charity, not social change); and offers recommendations for addressing them. (EV).
• Critical Pedagogy: Translation for Education that Is Multicultural
  Examined the translation of multicultural learning activities in a college classroom into critical pedagogy in public school classrooms. Practicing teachers enrolled in the course completed interviews and surveys.
• Promoting Multiculturalism in Developmental Education
  Asserts that the teaching profession needs to recognize the natural connections between multicultural and developmental education. Presents eight steps developmental educators can take to promote pluralism, including (1) establishing a clear link between cultural pluralism and institutional and programmatic mission and goals; (2) striving for diversity at all levels; and (3) embedding multiculturalism in the curriculum.
• Multicultural Gifted Education. Education and Psychology of the Gifted Series
  This book provides a comprehensive and practical resource for raising the expectations and level of instruction for gifted minority students. The volume contains case studies of multicultural gifted education in practice, suggests methods for "best practice" for classroom teachers, supplies sample activities, and provides guidelines and a checklist to evaluate multicultural education programs.
• Teaching in Dangerous Times: Culturally Relevant Approaches to Teacher Assessment
  Explores some aspects of the debate surrounding teacher assessment and raises questions about what is missing in so-called authentic assessments of teachers. Some proposed assessments may actually reinscribe narrow teaching practices that do not serve children of color and children living in poverty well.
• The Challenge of Effectively Preparing Teachers of Limited-English-Proficient Students
  Discusses the effect of inservice and preservice education emphasizing the educational needs of limited-English- proficient students, examining a study of the effects of English language proficiency on teachers' assessment of students' understanding. Results indicated that despite inservice education, teachers did not accommodate students' needs and maintained their teaching biases.
• Teaching as an Encounter with the Self: Unraveling the Mix of Personal Beliefs, Education Ideologies, and Pedagogical Practices
  By audiotaping and analyzing class discussions with graduate students in education, the teacher confronted her own personal beliefs in the context of cross-cultural perspectives on child rearing and traditional educational ideologies. Examining the intersection of belief and practice resulted in more culturally aware teaching.
• Language Learners as Ethnographers. Modern Languages in Practice 16
  This book describes a new approach to teaching and learning cultural studies. Borrowing the idea of ethnography from anthropologists, it argues that language students can be taught methods for investigating the cultural and social patterns of interaction and the values and beliefs that account for them.
• Educating for Social Competence: A Conceptual Approach to Social Studies Teaching
  Maintains that the broad arenas of the social sciences bind multiple areas of study together, giving added breadth and depth to each. Identifies the basic tenets of multicultural, global, and civic education.
• Early Childhood Bilingualism in the Montessori Children's House: Guessable Context and the Planned Environment. Spotlight: Montessori--Multilingual, Multicultural
  Describes the InterCultura Montessori School language immersion program in Oak Park, Illinois. Profiles the work of several children to illustrate important language learning strategies.
• Teaching Mathematics for Understanding to Bilingual Students
  When children's own strategies for solving mathematical problems are not connected to the way mathematics is taught in school, students fail to make sense of mathematics instruction and begin to "fail." This chapter adopts the position that student understanding of worthwhile mathematical content is the essential goal of mathematics education, and that everything else--curriculum, instruction, and assessment--is a means to that end.
• Talking Circles: A Native American Approach to Experiential Learning
  Talking circles, as a unique instructional approach, can be used to stimulate multicultural awareness while fostering respect for individual differences and facilitating group cohesion. A brief history of the talking circle is followed by detailed instructions, talking circle process questions, ideas for classroom discussion after the activity, and teaching strategies.
• Obstaculos al aprendizaje--obstaculos a la ensenanza en contextos (Barriers to Learning--Barriers to Teaching in Multicultural Contexts). Papers on Teacher Training and Multicultural/Intercultural Education 25
  This study focused on identifying learning difficulties with a view to incorporating both understanding of those difficulties and methods for minimizing or neutralizing them in multicultural classroom settings. Discussion gives guidelines for teachers to use in analyzing student concepts and approaches to learning, particularly in the question-and-answer format.
• Global Education in the Middle School Curriculum: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
  Discusses connections between global education and interdisciplinary teaching and learning, cooperative learning, active learning, and authentic assessment at the middle school level. Considers differences between multicultural education and the broader scope of global education to include international events and interactions among cultures throughout the world.
• Minneapolis and Brittany: Children Bridge Geographical and Social Differences through Technology
  Presents examples of how computer-mediated communication (CMC) affects language learning, describing a successful CMC project involving a Minnesota middle school and a school in France. Students exchanged electronic mail over two years and eventually produced a student-written, bilingual, multicultural play.
• Breaking the Cultural Cycle: Reframing Pedagogy and Literacy in a Community Context as Intervention Measures for Aboriginal Alienation
  This paper presents an alternative view to the pedagogical needs relating to literacy for Aboriginal students. The question posed is how to utilize this knowledge to lessen the impact of perceived failure in early schooling of entrenched non-attendance patterns for Aboriginal students of compulsory school attending ages.
• Developing Multicultural Counseling Competencies through Experiential Learning
  This article focuses on experiential learning as a teaching and learning methodology to increase students' multicultural counseling competencies. Outlines ethical and practical suggestions for using experiential learning in multicultural counseling curriculum.
• Affective Thought, Personalized Democracy, and the Council's Multicultural Mission
  Visualizes what embodied learning and shared authority looks like in an alternative high school for mostly Latino students. Argues for an approach to teaching that looks to teacher-student relationships.
• Teaching Every Child Every Day: Learning in Diverse Schools and Classrooms. Advances in Teaching and Learning Series
  Chapters in this book address the problems faced in today's diverse neighborhoods, schools, and classrooms, as well as the opportunities diversity provides.
• "El Acto:" Studying the Hispanic American Experience through the Farm Worker Theater
  Maintains that teachers can develop a drama skit known as "el acto" for studying Hispanic American history and contemporary themes. Discusses the history of this dramatic form and how it has been used in the schools.
• Multicultural Education: Issues, Policies, and Practices. Research in Multicultural Education and International Perspectives, Volume 1
  This book presents recent research findings on different aspects of multicultural education, informing teachers of the issues, policies, and new approaches prevalent around the world.
• Science Motivation in the Multicultural Classroom
  Discusses how to integrate into the curriculum the interests of children of all ethnic backgrounds. Includes a rubric for multicultural contributions to science.
• The Failure of Bilingual Education
  This monograph is based on a conference on bilingual education held by the Center for Equal Opportunity (CEO) in September, 1995 in Washington, D.C. CEO made repeated attempts to secure speakers representing the pro-bilingual education viewpoint; the paper by Portes and Schauffler represents this view.
• (Dis)Integrating Multiculturalism with Technology
  Examines whether K-12 teachers are prepared to use technology in innovative and effective ways to authentically present multicultural education, examining the potential inability of teachers to provide an authentic version of multicultural education in the presence of technology as both an individual decision and as the result of generally underconceptualized teacher preparation in the instruction of multicultural education. (SM).
• Reading Researchers in Search of Common Ground
  Investigating what 11 eminent literacy scholars with diverse philosophies could agree to regarding contexts and practices for teaching reading, this book presents comprehensive analyses of these findings, dubbed the "Expert Study," and their implications.
• Five Reviews of McLaren's "Revolutionary Multiculturalism"
  Presents five reviews of McLaren's 1997 book, with comments on critical pedagogy, multicultural education, capitalism, social justice, and remarks about student responses to "Revolutionary Multiculturalism." (SLD).
• Between the Lines: School Stories
  Reviews five stories that can introduce students to youthful narrators whose dreams and thoughts may be quite similar to their own, but whose cultural backgrounds may be very different. Using stories about school experience generates discussion about prejudice and discrimination.
• Pedagogy of Possibilities: Teaching about Racism in Multicultural Counseling Courses
  Teaching about diversity or multiculturalism in counselor education programs is a challenge. Racism as a topic is an emotionally charged subject.
• Meanings of Culture in Multicultural Education: A Response to Anthropological Critiques
  Explores the meanings of culture found in multicultural education in the United States. Examines anthropological criticisms about these cultural connotations, suggests responses to these critiques based on scholarship, and considers implications for the future of multicultural education.
• Preparing Teachers for the Culturally Diverse Classrooms
  The changing demographics in U.S. institutions have contributed to the increasingly multicultural nature of classroom participants.
• World Rhythms: Students Make Cultural Connections through Music and Dance
  Describes several programs in which music and dance are used to unlock doors that stereotypes of race, gender, language, religion, or ability have kept shut. Exposure to the music and dance of other cultures helps children's awareness of the diversity of the world and people's essential similarities.
• To Russia with Music
  Describes the experience of participating in the first United States/Russia Joint Conference on Education, part of the Citizen Ambassador Program. Recounts visits to two Russian music schools where the author was able to observe classes.
• Effective Teaching Strategies That Accommodate Diverse Learners
  This book is about the teaching, instruction, and curricula required to give diverse learners a fighting chance in today's classroom as well as outside the classroom. Guidelines are offered for determining the curricular and instructional priorities in teaching diverse learners, who are typically behind their school-age peers in academic performance and content coverage.
• We Can't Teach What We Don't Know: White Teachers, Multiracial Schools. Multicultural Education Series
  This book explores what it means to be a culturally competent white teacher in racially diverse schools. Twenty-five years of a multi- cultural educator's experience is presented to show the changes and growth that must take place.
• Dine College Struggles to Synthesize Navajo and Western Knowledge
  Discusses the 30-year struggle Navajo Community College leaders faced in developing a Navajo philosophy and education model that combines Navajo principles and values with a Western-based curriculum. Describes the 1995 implementation of Dine College's Philosophy of Education model at the Tsaile campus.
• Teacher Thinking in Cultural Contexts. SUNY Series, The Social Context of Education
  This collection sheds light on current research on teacher thinking in cultural contexts and identifies promising practices in teacher education that take the most salient contextual variables into account.
• Culturally Responsive Teaching: Theory, Research, and Practice. Multicultural Education Series
  This volume makes the case for using culturally responsive teaching to improve the school performance of underachieving students of color. Key components of culturally responsive teaching are discussed.
• Learner Centered Schools as a Mindset, and the Connection with Mindfulness and Multiculturalism
  After acknowledging that learning and knowing are coconstructed social processes created and shared by teachers and students as learners, the paper examines mindfulness and multiculturalism as learner-centered processes. Mindfulness, multiculturalism, and learner centeredness are interdependent mindsets that encourage interplay between teacher, student, and content and that mediate the classroom environment.
• Links between Family Life and Minority Student Achievement: Removing the Blinders
  Contends that a range of theories exists in the social science literature about the effects of family processes on the social and academic success of a family's offspring. Identifies major theoretical perspectives that have dominated the literature on families and minority student achievement.
• Teaching Post-Colonial Studies to Gifted High School Students
  Describes a multicultural English course for gifted high school students in Canada. A tone of understanding and acceptance is set through appealing to students' own experiences in an interdisciplinary approach to world literature.
• Preservice Teachers' Views of Inclusive Science Teaching as Shaped by Images of Teaching, Learning, and Knowing
  Interpretive analysis of preservice teachers' writings and discussions during an elementary-science methods course identified the teachers' positivist views of knowledge, learning, and teaching as prominent tools for guiding understanding of and reaction to ideas of teaching science to diverse student populations. Discusses the impact on teachers' views of pedagogy and makes suggestions for teacher education.
• A Diversity Grab Bag
  Suggests 15 strategies for introducing the concept of diversity to children including: (1) promoting conversation; (2) making the familiar different; (3) exploring music; (4) learning about celebrations; (5) showing objects; (6) taking field trips; (7) introducing foods; (8) encouraging empathy; (9) collaborating with different people; and (10) communicating with parents. (SD).
• Projecting the Voices of Others: Issues of Representation in Teaching Race and Ethnicity
  Discusses the practice of first-person accounts in curriculum examinations of race and ethnicity. Refutes the essentialist notion that only members of a particular group can address issues concerning that group.
• "I've Really Learned a Lot, But...": Cross-cultural Understanding and Teacher Education in a Racist Society
  Describes a cross-cultural course offered by the Faculty of Education at the University of Regina (Saskatchewan, Canada) to develop preservice teachers' understanding of aboriginal cultures, taking data from instructors' experiences and student narratives. The paper discusses the lack of understanding in white preservice teachers' views of self and others and the implications for teacher education in a racist society.
• Mathematics, teaching, and multimedia: Investigations of real practice
  This book describes efforts to develop an approach to teaching and teacher education that is deeply rooted in the study of practice. Drawing on video, graphic, and textual records of a year's worth of mathematics lessons in two elementary classrooms, research was conducted on curriculum and instruction, children's learning, and the culture of the classroom across the school year.
• Pedagogy, Politics, and Schools: Films about Social Justice in Education
  Reviews six films about issues related to multicultural and social justice education in the United States: "It's Elementary: Talking about Gay Issues in School"; "Starting Small: Teaching Children Tolerance"; "In Whole Honor?"; "Children Talk about AIDS"; "Fear and Learning at Hoover Elementary"; and "'Good Morning Miss Toliver.'" (SM).
• Educating Latino Students: A Guide to Successful Practice
  This book attempts to assist readers in expanding their knowledge base in the area of quality practices for Latino students. The chapters contain many practices that can be implemented in educational settings from preschool to secondary school.
• Deconstructing the Myths: A Research Agenda for American Indian Education (Albuquerque, New Mexico, April 14-15, 2000)
  This report outlines a comprehensive research agenda for Indian education from the Native perspective. It resulted from a meeting held in Albuquerque, New Mexico in April 2000, planned by a national steering committee of Indian education researchers, administrators, and association executives.
• Case Method in Physical Education Higher Education: A Pedagogy of Change?
  Examines the use of the case method to reform physical education teacher education. Reviews research on the use of cases in other professional preparation programs, and on multicultural education and case method, and technology-based cases.
• A Call for a Multicultural Revolution. Challenges & Hopes: Multiculturalism as Revolutionary Praxis. An Interview with Peter McLaren
  Discusses Peter McLaren's theories of critical pedagogy, which is underwritten by a Marxist philosophy and a critique of global capitalism. McLaren believes that capitalist exploitation is the driving force for the institutionalized racism that is so prevalent in Western society.
• Welcoming the Culture of Computing into the K-12 Classroom: Technological Fluency and Lessons Learned from Second Language Acquisition and Cross Cultural Studies
  Discusses the integration of innovative technologies into the K-12 curriculum and its impact on instructional programs for linguistically and culturally diverse students. Describes the debate over whether the culture of computing is inclusive or exclusive, examining: educational technology standards; information technology and fluency; speech registers; postulating registers of information technology fluency; and the role of automaticity in developing fluency.
• Using All the Crayons. Educator Patricia Ramsey Says the Lessons of Tolerance Begin in Early Childhood
  Interviews a professor of psychology and education who discusses the implicit messages about differences and power relationships that children receive from the adults around them. Teachers should assess their own biases and work to ensure that multicultural education is more than superficial window dressing.
• "Talking Race" in the College Classroom: The Role of Social Structures and Social Factors in Race Pedagogy
  This article examines the role of race in the college classroom. Two types of college institutions in which the author has had personal teaching experience are examined.
• We Can't Teach What We Don't Know: White Teachers, Multiracial Schools. Multicultural Education Series
  This book explores what it means to be a culturally competent white teacher in racially diverse schools. Twenty-five years of a multi- cultural educator's experience is presented to show the changes and growth that must take place.
• The Border Crossings of a Multicultural Science Education Enthusiast
  Examines the "borders" a preservice science education student encountered as she completed her student teaching in a cultural setting that was different from her own. Suggests that, during field experiences, preservice teachers may encounter multiple cultural borders, some consistent and some inconsistent with their instructional philosophy.
• In Search of Wholeness: African American Teachers and Their Culturally Specific Classroom Practices
  This collection of essays is a theoretical and practice-oriented treatment of how culture and race influence African American teachers.
• Addressing Race, Class, and Gender in Zora Neale Hurston's "Their Eyes Are Watching God": Strategies and Reflections
  Describes an educator's attempt to raise multicultural issues in the classroom through a course centered on Zora Neale Hurston's "Their Eyes Are Watching God." Maintains that educators have a responsibility to raise issues of cultural diversity in learning communities that provide ways for student to engage in thinking that expands their world views. (TB).
• Measuring the Impact of Project IMPACT as a Curriculum Transformation Initiative
  Summarizes findings from a study of the Project for the Infusion of Multicultural Perspectives and Approaches in College Teaching (Project IMPACT), a project designed to support selected faculty as they developed a multicultural curriculum. Experience with participants from four Connecticut state universities over four years indicated a long-term beneficial impact on multicultural instruction from the project.
• Teaching Gifted Kids in the Regular Classroom: Strategies and Techniques Every Teacher Can Use To Meet the Academic Needs of the Gifted and Talented. Revised, Expanded, Updated Edition
  This book offers teachers of all grades teaching/management strategies for providing gifted students in regular classes the enriched curriculum they need. Chapter 1 describes the learning and behavioral characteristics of gifted students, especially noting underserved groups such as gifted children from multicultural and low socioeconomic populations and those considered "twice exceptional" (gifted and disabled).
• Of Labels, Skills and Concepts
  This paper describes the current debate over developmentally appropriate teaching practice. The paper presents the perspective of multicultural educators, who argue that developmentally appropriate practice is biased toward white, middle-class values, and the perspective of special educators, who argue that modification of developmentally appropriate practice is necessary for their populations.
• From Remedial to Gifted: Effects of Culturally Centered Pedagogy
  Describes a culturally relevant Spanish program in a high school that helped native speakers avoid failure due to culturally inappropriate teaching. The class maintained Latino students' native language and increased language fluency by developing thinking, oral, and written Spanish skills.
• The Schooling of Multiracial Students. ERIC/CUE Digest, Number 138
  The purpose of this digest is to help educators develop a curriculum for multiracial students that fosters their ability to develop a positive identity and achieve academically. To this end, the digest briefly reviews identity formation in multiracial children and then presents schoolwide and classroom strategies that have been shown to be particularly effective with multiracial students and that also promote all children's understanding of racial issues.
• Educational Research in Europe. Yearbook 2000
  The first Yearbook of the European Educational Research Association (EERA) is based on a selection of texts presented at the EERA annual meeting in 1999, which took place in Lahti, Finland. It is intended to be part of the development of a European conversation about educational research.
• Ceremonial Access
  Explores the use of elements of the cultural practices of native peoples in the elementary school classroom as a way of introducing children to other cultures. Discusses the appropriate use of native-like experiences in contextualized mimesis to bring life to curricula.
• Selected Strategies and Activities To Provide Challenging Instruction to ESOL Students in Content Area Courses
  This paper describes how a large school district in suburban Atlanta, Georgia dealt with the challenges presented by the relatively sudden influx of a large number of highly heterogeneous limited-English-proficient (LEP) students. The eight most critical specific problems that underlay the assimilation of the new students included the following: a lack of proper assessment techniques; a largely negative categorization of the limited-.
• "Water as Rough as an Elephant's Foot..." Learning Geography through Poetry Writing at KS2
  Describes how bilingual fourth and fifth graders at one London elementary school learned geography by writing poetry. This effort involved: engaging with the topic, consolidating knowledge and understanding, and extending knowledge and understanding.
• Issues of Culture in Mathematics Teaching and Learning
  Demonstrates through theory and application that educators can teach mathematics to include more of the often excluded students, especially African Americans. Educators must consider the culture of students as they adopt an accommodating cultural pedagogy to enable students to become part of a mathematics culture.
• The Benefits of Dialogue Journals: What Prospective Teachers Say
  Investigated preservice teachers' perceptions of the benefits and drawbacks to using dialogue journals in a multicultural teacher education course. Students perceived many benefits related to facilitation of learning, self-reflection, self-understanding, procedural convenience, expression of ideas, feedback, and teacher student relationships.
• Issues in Educating Students with Disabilities. The LEA Series on Special Education and Disability
  This book is designed to reaffirm the value of special instruction and to provide information on current research and practice which shows productive and successful outcomes. It addresses the definition of disabilities, the assessment of disabilities, instruction, special populations, special education legislation and policy, and integration.
• Empowering Pedagogies That Enhance the Learning of Multicultural Students
  Discusses the tenets of critical pedagogy, describing research on the presence of those tenets within discourse patterns and pedagogical practices in urban, community-based classrooms. Discourses and pedagogies of three female, African American teachers are highlighted, examining how teachers challenge students to consider alternate life possibilities, become critical thinkers, and consider transformation of their own and others' life situations.
• Improving Student Perceptions and Academic Performance in the Multiethnic Classroom
  Describes a study that examined the effects of collaborative group learning within a multiethnic classroom at the community college level. Confirms that when community college teachers utilize collaborative learning skills in conjunction with traditional learning skills, academic performance increases and student ethnic perceptions improve.
• The Place of Political Education in the Classroom
  Demonstrates the ability of children to understand global and political issues in a framework of interdependency and justice, as established in the "Children and Worldviews" Project. Children's responses and thinking are provided as well as examples of classroom strategies.
• Intercultural Literacy and the International School
  Defines intercultural literacy as the understandings, competencies, attitudes, language abilities, participation, and identities that enable effective engagement with a second culture. Suggests ways for international schools to help promote intercultural literacy, including: (1) maximizing cooperation within groups and minimizing competition between groups; (2) avoiding differences in competence; and (3) promoting individuation of group members.
• I'm Okay, You're Okay
  Asserts that a culturally relevant curriculum that discards stereotypes, celebrates diversity, and is inclusive of all children is both necessary and appropriate in the Head Start classroom. Advises that helping children to appreciate the similarities and differences within their own group and community is the place to begin.
• Thematic Literature and Curriculum for English Language Learners in Early Childhood Education. ERIC Digest
  The incorporation of age- and language-appropriate thematic literature into the early childhood curriculum can stimulate content-based academic learning for English language learners (ELLs). This systematic approach is particularly beneficial to young ELLs ages 3 through 8, because it provides background knowledge and cultural information along with opportunities to hear, speak, and interact with carefully crafted language in thematic and story contexts.
• Best Practices for High School Classrooms: What Award-Winning Secondary Teachers Do
  This book provides guidance on high-impact teaching practices, offering first-hand accounts of award-winning teachers.
• Becoming Multicultural: Focusing on the Process
  Focuses on the importance of helping students develop intercultural competence and suggests ways to integrate activities for this purpose into instruction. Activities are presented to promote effective student strategies for intercultural competence.
• Essentializing Dilemma and Multiculturalist Pedagogy: An Ethnographic Study of Japanese Children in a U.S. School
  Examined Japanese children's experiences at a U.S. elementary school, noting their teachers' pedagogical responses.
• Exploring America in Computer Simulation Games
  Describes and evaluates seven computer simulation games that help students learn about United States history, geography, and other cultural groups living in the United States. These simulations help students learn by having them experience life as an explorer of an unknown land that is now part of the United States.
• Teaching Tools
  Reviews books and videos for multicultural education and cultural awareness in elementary and secondary classrooms. The 28 works reviewed focus on gender and minority experiences, U.S.
• Foreign Language and Culture: Some Background and Some Ideas on Teaching
  Educators should combine foreign language study with discovery of another culture. Several postsecondary institutions are adopting Language Across the Curriculum, which allows students to apply their second-language knowledge in various courses or integrate other disciplines into language courses.
• A Continuing Education Program on Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
  This manual and accompanying videotape are intended to be used as a continuing education program to enhance the skills of special and general educators in serving children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The video can also be used alone to provide a general overview of issues related to children with attention deficit disorder.
• The Colorful Flags Program: A Proactive-Interactive Approach to Bridging Cultural Differences
  Describes the Cultural Flags program, which teaches students to be proactive in engaging in cultural learning through learning a few basic phrases in the five most spoken languages in their community along with cultural facts about other countries. Some program evaluation results and project guidelines are presented.
• Immersion and Submersion Classrooms: A Comparison of Instructional Practices in Language Arts
  Using the Communicative Orientation of Language Teaching (COLT) observation theme, this study compares the second-language-learning environments of elementary-level students of French in four submersion and four immersion classrooms in Montreal, Canada. Results indicate clear differences between the two environments.
• Social Constructivism and the School Literacy Learning of Students of Diverse Backgrounds
  Suggests social constructivism offers implications for reshaping schooling to correct the gap between the literacy achievement of students of diverse backgrounds and that of mainstream students. Proposes a conceptual framework.
• Freirean Pedagogy, Praxis, and Possibilities: Projects for the New Millennium. Volume 19, Critical Education Practice. Volume 1417, Garland Reference Library of Social Science
  This book contains 15 chapters, each by different authors, commenting and expanding on the educational philosophy and work of Paulo Freire.
• The Use of Hypermedia in Effective Diversity Training
  A qualitative study examined the effects of a hypermedia program on diversity training completed by 65 undergraduate students. Results showed that when different types of implementation groups were utilized, discussion (considered vital to diversity training) only occurred on a regular basis in facilitated groups, and to a lesser degree in pair groupings, when mixed by gender and ethnicity.
• The Nature of Science in a Multicultural Context
  Proposes an alternative view of the nature of science that strikes a balance between extremely relativist views that see no difference between science and pseudoscience and current views that are inappropriate in a multicultural society. Implications for science teaching in the British schools are discussed.
• Using Student-Generated Film To Create a Culturally Relevant Community
  Encourages modification of teaching strategies to facilitate academic achievement among students from diverse groups. Describes how the author collaborated with professionals from the Folger Library's Teaching Shakespeare Institute to develop a better way to teach Shakespeare to her predominantly African-American students.
• Unequal Resources: A Group Simulation
  Presents a lesson plan designed to create an understanding of the concepts of interdependence and cross-cultural communication. Students are divided into groups.
• Repertoire, Authenticity, and Instruction: The Presentation of American Indian Music in Oklahoma's Elementary Schools. Native Americans: Interdisciplinary Perspectives--A Garland Series
  This book examines the presentation of American Indian music by elementary music educators in Oklahoma, which has the largest American Indian population of any state. A literature review covers an historical profile of multicultural music education, ethnomusicological studies of American Indian music, dissertations pertaining to American Indian music in the classroom, analysis of American Indian content in general music textbooks, and surveys assessing inclusion of American Indian music in curricula.