NCCRESt

Educational Change

"The Multicultural Math Classroom: Bringing in the World" by Claudia Zaslavsky. Book Review
Argues for the place of mathematical literacy in a just society, and examines the value of the reform movement in mathematics education toward multiculturalism and whole language from the experience of a fifth-grade teacher of mathematics. Critically examines classroom activities suggested by Zaslavsky's book in terms of appropriateness for achieving the goals of a multicultural curriculum.

25 Years of Multiculturalism--Past, Present, and Future, Part 1
Reviews the implementation and early successes and failures of multicultural education in Canada. Although multicultural education was officially adopted as an educational policy in 1971, it has been reworked and revamped as problems and challenges have arisen.

A Call for a Multicultural Revolution. Challenges & Hopes: Multiculturalism as Revolutionary Praxis. An Interview with Peter McLaren
Discusses Peter McLaren's theories of critical pedagogy, which is underwritten by a Marxist philosophy and a critique of global capitalism. McLaren believes that capitalist exploitation is the driving force for the institutionalized racism that is so prevalent in Western society.

A framework for understanding and assessing systemic change
The education system, like most organizational structures, needs fundamental changes to keep pace with the social and economic conditions of an increasingly complex global society. Taking an aerial view, this paper describes the topography of systemic change to provide multiple stakeholders a better vantage point for communicating and making decisions about their own systems.

A Program for Change: Educating for Racial Diversity
The six stages of the concerns-based adoption model (CBAM) (G. Hall, R.

A Successful Program for Struggling Readers
Notes that a "staggering number" of struggling readers in the United States are African American children and other students of color. Outlines characteristics of successful schools for struggling readers, and details effective teaching techniques.

Agile Learning, New Media, and Technological Infusement at a New University: Serving Underrepresented Students. JSRI Occasional Paper
The California State University system faces an increase of 100,000 students by 2010, the majority of whom will be Latino. Fundamental restructuring is necessary to accommodate this change, and the new California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB) may provide a model.

An Outsider's View Inside: 21st Century Directions for Multicultural Education
Draws on the work of James A. Banks and adds the perspective of a cultural outsider to consider the future of the discipline of multicultural education, considering politics, technology, educational context, cultural capital, and the nature of culture.

Beyond Affirmative Action: Reframing the Context of Higher Education
Based on extensive interviews with Latino and Latina students and faculty, this book introduces a theory of "multicontextuality" that proposes that many people learn better when teachers emphasize whole systems of knowledge and that education can create its greatest successes by offering and accepting many approaches to teaching and learning.

Beyond Enhancement: The Kennedy Center's Commitment to Education
Asserts that exposure to high-quality arts performances with accompanying educational experiences enlivens teaching and learning. Maintains that few schools have taken advantage of opportunities provided by arts-presenting institutions.

Bilingual Education Policy and Practice in the Andes: Ideological Paradox and Intercultural Possibility
Discusses bilingual education policy and reform in the context of indigenous languages of Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia, exploring the ideological paradox inherent in transforming a standardizing education into a diversifying one and in constructing a multilingual, multicultural national identity. Data come from policy documents and practitioner narratives.

Breaking Ranks: Changing an American Institution. A "Bulletin" Special
Summarizes a report published by the NASSP Study of the Restructuring of the American High School. Outlines nine educational goals and recommendations on renewal priorities for curriculum, instructional strategies, school environment, technology, organization and time, assessment and accountability, professional development, diversity, governance, resources, ties to higher education, and leadership.

Bridging Multicultural Theory and Practice
Gaps between multicultural theory and practice present some serious challenges and opportunities for future directions in the field. Instead of arguing about the best way to do multicultural education, it is more useful and empowering to legitimize multiple-levels appropriateness in working toward systemic reform.

Can Urban School Reform and Community Development Be Joined? The Potential of Community Schools
Examines how the concepts of service and community might be made to serve the interests of those who are the heart of urban schools: students, their families, and neighborhood residents. The article introduces a model of community schools that is oriented to the inner-directed development of inner-city neighborhoods.

Changing middle schools: how to make schools work for young adolescents
This book tells the stories of four urban middle schools that have undergone deep transformation while participating in the Middle Grades Improvement Program (MGIP), an initiative that has nurtured fundamental change in school climate, structure and classroom practice in 16 urban districts and 65 schools in Indiana. .

Comer Schools: Are They Recognizable Through Direct Observation?
"The Comer School Development Program is a school reform model that, in full implementation, creates positive school climate. The research has confirmed that this can be observed.

Community Organizing for School Reform, Washington, DC: A Recovering Plantation
Because the District of Columbia (DC) is a federal district, its governance is peculiar. Poor management, internal strife, unstable leadership, low student achievements, shrinking enrollments, and declining community confidence have plagued the DC public school system.

Community Organizing for School Reform, Washington, DC: A Recovering Plantation
Because the District of Columbia (DC) is a federal district, its governance is peculiar. The DC public school system is plagued by poor management, internal strife, unstable leadership, low student achievement, shrinking enrollment, and declining community confidence.

Community Organizing for School Reform, Washington, DC: A Recovering Plantation
Because the District of Columbia (DC) is a federal district, its governance is peculiar. Poor management, internal strife, unstable leadership, low student achievement, shrinking enrollment, and declining community confidence have plagued the DC public school system.

Confessions of a Canon-Loving Multiculturalist. School Reform and the Language Arts Curriculum
Bitter ideological battles exist over hegemonic control of classroom exchange in high school language arts classes. Discusses the debate over the selection of literature that students will read, noting the influence of the dominant culture, the resistance to inclusion of multicultural literature in these classrooms, and the importance of promoting a multicultural emphasis.

Confronting the Challenge of Diversity
Framing diversity as a problem sets the stage for how communities will react to the change. Unfortunately, American schools have historically seen cultural assimilation of immigrants and nonwhites as central to their mission.

Continuity and Reform: A New Discourse for Discussion of Change in Schools
Reforms are a series of beginnings and endings to disconnected events in discussions of school change. However, changes in education are interrelated and can be more effective when viewed accordingly.

Controlling Curriculum Knowledge: Multicultural Politics and Policymaking
Utilizes New York state's development and attempted implementation of multicultural education as a case study providing a concise yet thorough examination of the principles, objectives, and controversies surrounding this issue. Delineates the people and organizations involved in grass roots organizing and media representation on both sides of the issue.

Crisis in the Heartland: Addressing Unexpected Challenges in Rural Education
Recent increases in cultural and linguistic diversity in Kansas have raised three challenges for educators, especially rural educators: geographic isolation, capacity building, and professional development. Describes innovative, nontraditional programs developed by Kansas State University to help educators meet these challenges, including distance education, collaborative site-specific adaptations of curriculum and instruction, and cross-cultural sensitivity training.

Critical Multiculturalism in the Mature University
Explores how a critical multiculturalism, by encouraging greater cultural diversity in a widening participation in higher education, has the potential to change British universities. Showing how institutions discriminate against black people makes clear where power lies and how decisions are made.

Culturally Relevant Teacher Education: A Canadian Inner-City Case
This case study of an inner-city teacher education program in Canada documents the tensions at work on a social reconstructionist academic staff attempting to produce a culturally relevant teacher education program. Staff members acknowledge the social and educational contexts in which they work while working for the long-term interests of their students.

Culture in school learning: Revealing the deep meaning.
From book:”Introduces pre- and in-service teachers to the centrality of culture in school learning.The book clearly targets teachers as its audience. The book emphasizes multicultural approaches to curriculum development and instructional techniques.

Culture, Identity, and Curriculum
Describes a curriculum transformation project at Ohio's Mount Union College (a predominantly white school) designed to help faculty members restructure their courses to reflect a multicultural approach and provide information to help students work in diverse settings. A yearlong workshop teaches educators to make multicultural issues central, rather than superficial add-ons.

Currents of Reform in Preservice Teacher Education
This book provides an analysis of efforts to improve the education of preservice teachers and of the limitations of contemporary teacher education reform proposals.

Daring To Change: The Potential of Intercultural Education in Aymara Communities in Chile
Describes and evaluates a teacher training project in Chile that was meant to change attitudes toward native culture among rural teachers in one Aymara school district serving approximately 200 children. Findings suggest that hegemonic barriers stand in the way of broadening the scope of intercultural education in plural, democratic societies.

DBAE: The Next Generation
Examines the development and evolution of discipline-based art education (DBAE) from its inception in the early 1980s to its current practice. Maintains that the movement's success comes from the support and acceptance of educators in the field.

Democratic Dispositions and Cultural Competency: Ingredients for School Renewal
This article argues that the current school reform movement of high-stakes testing is misguided. It advocates that democratic dispositions and cultural competency be included in the major goals of schooling and proposes that the purpose of schooling should be determined through public deliberation within diverse communities.

Developing a Multicultural Focus in Teacher Education: One Department's Story
This paper describes how the University of Wisconsin-Parkside developed a multicultural emphasis in its teacher education program, noting that implementing such a focus in a school with predominantly white students and faculty members required a paradigm shift for both the program and the faculty. (SM).

Diversity and Multiculturalism: Institutional Leadership at the University of Michigan
Initiatives taken at University of Michigan to address complex nature of diversity and multiculturalism in higher education are described, including a 1988 administrative strategic plan to link academic excellence and social diversity among faculty and students, a plan to improve women's representation among faculty, a longitudinal study of impact of diversity on the class of 1994, and curriculum reform. (MSE).

Diversity and the Quality Process: Curriculum Reform in the School and the University
A brief history and description of Total Quality Management introduces a discussion of a teacher education improvement project at Northeastern Illinois University. The project grew out of a conference (1991) hosted by the university titled "Developing University/Business Partnerships for.

Diversity on Campus: Northern Virginia Community College Faces the Challenge
Describes a survey of Northern Virginia Community College (NVCC) administrators, staff, faculty, and students on how college leaders address the challenge of multiculturalism on NVCC's campuses. Finds that special events, ethnically and racially based organizations, hiring of minorities, and specialized curricula are pursued to varying degrees.

Diversity, Equity and Community in Educational Reform
Educational equity demands are progressively being framed in terms of multiculturalism and diversity within the educational process. This change of focus means that strategies aiming to secure rights should make room for others that emphasize the building of relationships, mutual knowledge, and community.

Educating a New Majority: Transforming America's Educational System for Diversity
This book presents 20 papers on the current status and future needs of disadvantaged minority students in the elementary, secondary, and higher education systems. Papers are grouped into four sections: current challenges to minority education; restructuring schools to foster minority student success; reforming higher education; and leadership imperatives.

Educating for Social Competence: A Conceptual Approach to Social Studies Teaching
Maintains that the broad arenas of the social sciences bind multiple areas of study together, giving added breadth and depth to each. Identifies the basic tenets of multicultural, global, and civic education.

Educating One and All: Students with Disabilities and Standards-Based Reform
In this report, the Committee on Goals 2000 and the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities reports on a systematic comparison of the policies and practices related to standards-based reform and special education. This report assesses the extent to which the goals of common standards and individualized education can be reconciled.

Educating teachers for restructured schools
In this book, leading scholars address a range of issues, ideas, and research findings in the field of teacher education, examining specific disciplines, social foundations, and program structures, as well as school reform and diversity.

Education Reform and Social Change. Multicultural Voices, Struggles, and Visions
The selections in this collection offer the stories of real-life educators as they work to build a more participatory and equitable educational future for their students in bilingual and multicultural education. Also included are the voices of parents, students, and advocates of change as they work on educational and social change processes.

Educational Change in Southeast Asia: The Challenge of Creating Learning Systems
Examines the rapidly changing context of educational change in Southeast Asia. Explores how a changing global education ideal (multiculturalism) and technological innovation affect schooling purposes and practices.

Excellence in Schools and Racial Equality: A Collage of Responses to the White Paper by Gillian Klein Centred on the Critique by Robin Richardson
Presents extracts from critical responses to the 1996 White Paper entitled "Excellence in Schools" which pointed out educational deficiencies, racism, and overall poorer education for minorities and ethnic groups within the U.K. educational system.

Families and Schools as Compensating Agents in Moral Development for a Multicultural Society
States that structural changes in families and schools may be necessary for children's moral development. Provides three ways families can better enable moral development, discusses how schools must change toward greater diversity in the student body and faculty, and offers two ways for schools to better foster moral development.

Five Reviews of McLaren's "Revolutionary Multiculturalism"
Presents five reviews of McLaren's 1997 book, with comments on critical pedagogy, multicultural education, capitalism, social justice, and remarks about student responses to "Revolutionary Multiculturalism." (SLD).

For Knowledge: Tradition, Progressivism and Progress in Education--Reconstructing the Curriculum Debate
Draws on realist theories of knowledge and epistemologies in the philosophy of science in order to argue that databases around the English school curriculum would benefit from such approaches. Reviews ways that knowledge has been conceived as social in educational thinking.

Forces Motivating Institutional Reform. ERIC Digest
This digest provides an overview of forces, both internal and external, driving change on community college campuses.

From Policy to Action: Parkland College's Implementation of North Central's Statement on Access, Equity, and Diversity
Describes the measures taken by Parkland College to implement North Central's Statement on Access, Equity, and Diversity. Results include the creation of the Center for Multicultural Education, community-based diversity education, and organization of a statewide conference about gender-balanced, multicultural education.

From Rhetoric to Reality: Opportunity-to-Learn Standards and the Integrity of American Public School Reform
Focusing on national policy and practice, this paper suggests key recommendations for consideration in the context of standards-based reform, including: produce teachers who are multiculturally literate; re-assess ability grouping and tracking practices; reduce K-3 class size and elementary and secondary school size; expand and improve federal compensatory education programs; and incorporate school reform into broader social reform. (SM).

From Section 11 to Ethnic Minority Achievement--Reports from around the Country
Participants in the Association of LEA (Local Education Agency) Advisory Officers in Multicultural Education in the United Kingdom present their views about the difficulties in moving from the previous funding provision for ethnic minority students, (Section 11), to the Ethnic Minority Achievement Grant funding provisions. (SLD).

Futures Thinking: Consideration of the Impact of Educational Change on Black and Minority Ethnic Achievement
Discusses the potential of information and communications technology (ICT) and the World Wide Web to offer positive alternatives in contemporary British schools that are failing their black and minority group students. Describes the advantages of ICT and looks at future changes in the teaching profession and changes in the curriculum that will require knowledge of ICT.

Getting to scale with good educational practices
"School organization and incentive structures help thwart large-scale adoption of innovative educational practices. Evidence from the progressive movement and past curriculum reform efforts suggest that wide-scale reforms are ineffective under current conditions.

Globalizing Knowledge: Connecting International & Intercultural Studies. The Academy in Transition
This is the fourth in a series of occasional papers that analyze the changes taking place in U.S. undergraduate education.

Graduates of professional development school programs: Perceptions of the teacher as change agent
Investigated whether graduates of Professional Development Schools perceived themselves as change agents, implemented practices supporting change, and chose schools supportive of change. Teacher surveys indicated that most respondents believed they were change agents, that they were viewed as change agents, and that they practiced behaviors indicative of change.

Homophobia and the Demise of Multicultural Community: Strategies for Change in the Community College
Looks at teaching strategies for incorporating texts by sexual minorities into writing and literature classrooms, and for handling blatantly homophobic comments. Argues that such comments work to undercut the idea of a writing community.

Hope for urban education: A study of nine high-performing, high-poverty, urban elementary schools.
This report tells the stories of nine urban elementary schools that served children of color in poor communities and achieved impressive academic results. All of the schools used federal Title I dollars to create Title I school wide programs.

Implementing Change at the Pre-Primary Level in a School in India
Examines an initiative to introduce a multicultural- and whole-language-based early childhood curriculum in a private school in New Delhi, India. Considers the planning of the change from traditional education; the creation of an activity room for free play; parental responses to the new program; and factors that facilitated the change process.

Inclusive Schooling Practices: Pedagogical and Research Foundations: A Synthesis of the Literature that Informs Best Practice About Inclusive Schools
This monograph summarizes the literature base that informs current understanding of the best approaches to support students with disabilities in inclusive settings.

Institutional Support for Diversity in Preservice Teacher Education
Examines how institutions can provide support for diversity in preservice teacher education, focusing on the institutional context in which teacher educators work as they craft multicultural teacher preparation programs. Support includes strong institutional leadership and a campuswide vision for change, recruitment and retention of diverse students and faculty, and curriculum transformation.

Intercultural Literacy and the International School
Defines intercultural literacy as the understandings, competencies, attitudes, language abilities, participation, and identities that enable effective engagement with a second culture. Suggests ways for international schools to help promote intercultural literacy, including: (1) maximizing cooperation within groups and minimizing competition between groups; (2) avoiding differences in competence; and (3) promoting individuation of group members.

Internationalizing the Business School--Responding to the Customer's Needs
Efforts to internationalize the business curriculum in the United States must be supported by strong institutional commitment and implementation, and reflect the world business community and the country's multicultural business environment. Programs should conform to new accreditation standards and respond to client demand concerning emerging markets, international competition, and economic, social, political, and technological trends.

Involving Parents in Children's Learning: A Strategy To Raise Standards in an Inner-City Primary School
Describes a strategy to raise standards in a British inner-city school through parent involvement in learning and decision making and the recognition of religious and cultural diversity. Communication, particularly with language minority parents, is vital to the program's success.

Literacies of Inclusion: Feminism, Multiculturalism, and Youth
Feminist and multicultural practices in public education can help achieve cultural inclusiveness. The paper examines multiple literacies and literacy learning in culturally diverse and gender fair schools, suggesting whole language programs, reader-response criticism, and feminism to expand the educational canon and ensure a public education representing the politics of inclusion.

Looking Over the Edge: Preparing Teachers for Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Middle Schools
The principles and practices of multicultural education became the heart of one middle school teacher education program. The five principles included fostering inter/intragroup harmony through learning communities, targeting social justice and affirmation of diversity, empowering students and teachers, seeing things from multiple perspectives, and preparing teachers explicitly for cultural and linguistic diversity.

Mixed Media: A Roundup of New Microform and Electronic Products
Reviews some microform research collections, ranging from government records to privately published historical materials. Topics reviewed include American Indians, educational reform in Japan, African American newspapers, women's issues, and various aspects of American history.

Motivation and schooling in the middle grades
This review examines recent developments in research on social-cognitive theories of motivation during adolescence and the ways in which such research can be applied to the reform of middle grade schools. Results suggest that effective reform must consider the multiple contexts in which students interact.

Multicultural Education as Social Activism. SUNY Series, The Social Context of Education
Multicultural education is a relatively new field that has faced a struggle for legitimacy. This book argues that multicultural education can be understood as a form of resistance to dominant modes of schooling, and particularly to white supremacy.

Multicultural Education in Geography in the USA: An Introduction
Briefly reviews the development of the diversity movement and the arguments for and against multicultural education. Follows this with a discussion of the representation of minorities within geographic institutions in the United States.

Multicultural Education in the United States: A Historical Review
Examines the development, fluctuations, and growth of U.S. multicultural education from a historical perspective, from colonial times through the 20th century, concluding with some reflections on its future course.

Multicultural Education: A Developmental Process. Spotlight: Montessori--Multilingual, Multicultural
Maintains that multicultural education is a key element in the ongoing struggle to solve current educational problems. Presents Banks's (1988) phases in the evolution of multicultural education.

Multiculturalism in Higher Education: Transcending the Familiar Zone
A discussion of the debate over multicultural education in colleges and universities looks at the evolution of the movement and examines some myths about it that threaten its effectiveness. An effective approach to multiculturalism is seen to have implications for institutional philosophy, structure, operations, and academic programs.

Multiculturalism vs. Globalism
Addresses the error of treating multiculturalism and globalism as the same concept. Considers the boundaries and shared purposes of multiculturalism and globalism.

Navigating through Uncharted Territory: The Tensions and Promise of PDS Partnerships
One of five articles in the section on the "Promise and Purpose of Professional Development Schools," this article examines challenges that arise when preservice teacher education occurs mainly within professional development schools (PDS). Suggests that for PDS to promote reform, partners must set aside preconceived notions and share in decision making regarding all aspects of PDS.

Organizational Structures to Promote Teacher Engagement in Urban Schools
This monograph considers the prospects for improving teacher engagement in urban schools through professional and organizational reform…. This paper does not focus on the characteristics of urban schools that may make them less effective, but on those that affect motivation and ability to teach all students who appear at the classroom door….

Our Education, Our Future: Look to the Lower Grades
In order for local Native American cultures to be included in the curricula of the lower grades of public schools, Indian parents and community members must represent their community to the school board and establish a presence in the wider school community. Presents assertive, persistent, and well-informed strategies to build positive relationships with teachers and schools.

Patterns in prospective teachers: Guides for designing preservice programs
In this book, leading scholars address a range of issues, ideas, and research findings in the field of teacher education, examining specific disciplines, social foundations, and program structures, as well as school reform and diversity. Part Four: Program Structures and Design contains: "Patterns in Prospective Teachers: Guides for Designing Preservice Programs (K.

Phytochemistry and Culture
Describes a trend in science teaching marked by shifts in philosophies and practices and by a search for science content that draws from the experiences of a culturally diverse student population. (DDR).

Pre-Kindergarten to Eighth Grade Teachers Become Change Agents through Active Participation in School Reform
This practicum project used organized professional development to increase involvement of teachers at a preK-8 school in the school's reform process. All members of the school community actively participated in planning, data collecting, and sharing of pertinent reform information.

Preparing English Teachers To Teach Diverse Student Populations: Beliefs, Challenges, Proposals for Change
Argues a need for in-depth consideration of principles and practices to prepare teachers for classrooms they will face in the future. Notes problems created by the disparity between increasing student diversity and their overwhelmingly white, female English/language arts teachers.

Proceedings of the Annual International Congress on Challenges to Education: Balancing Unity and Diversity in a Changing World, 1995-1998
This collection of Proceedings of the Annual International Congress on Challenges to Education consists of four separate issues: 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998. The 1995 Proceedings contains abstracts for 69 papers grouped under Literacy; Correctional Education; Multicultural and Issues of Diversity; Tolerance; Technology; Higher Education; Environmental Education; School Reform; and Special Education.

Program structures and learning to teach
In this book, leading scholars address a range of issues, ideas, and research findings in the field of teacher education, examining specific disciplines, social foundations, and program structures, as well as school reform and diversity. "Program Structures and Learning to Teach" (R.

Quality Assurance and the South African University System: Defining the Impact of External and Internal Trends on the South African University System and Its Quality
Examines the influence of a number of factors on quality assurance in the South African university system, including a new national system for standardizing training, national quality assurance initiatives, a new proposed role for universities, the shift from a monocultural to a multicultural educational environment, trend toward mass higher education, increased access to education, and a new government-university relationship. (Author/MSE).

Race, Class, and Gender Considerations in Nursing Education
The curriculum revolution in nursing education is a direct result of outdated modes of teaching and learning that fail to prepare students for nursing in a diverse society. Little dialog is occurring on the topic of the inclusion of multiculturalism into the curriculum.

Reading, Writing, and Justice: School Reform as if Democracy Matters. SUNY Series, INTERRUPTIONS: Border Testimony(ies) and Critical Discourse/s
This book asks what would it means to take democracy seriously in today's debates about school reform. Its six chapters offer case studies, examples, and conversation starters for teachers, administrators, and citizens who wish to build on the contribution of each and every citizen.

Reconstructing Multicultural Education: A Response to Mike Cole
Refutes Mike Cole's article "Racism, Reconstructed Multiculturalism and Antiracist Education" by addressing five main topics: (1) the new racism as a means to changing multicultural education; (2) representation of antiracist educators; (3) advice to teachers of controversial aspects of other cultures; (4) identifying students' misconceptions before imparting new knowledge; and (5) nationalism. (CMK).

Reforming Schools in a Democratic Pluralistic Society
Issues related to race, class, and gender diversity have been silenced in most school reform efforts. To meet future national and global needs, reforms must incorporate diversity issues, promote democratic ideas, and help students acquire the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to construct civic, moral, and just communities.

Reforming the Higher Education Curriculum. Internationalizing the Campus. American Council on Education/Oryx Press Series on Higher Education
The 13 chapters of this book attempt to challenge assumptions about international education and urge comprehensive curricular changes involving integration of international and global education into all disciplines.

Reinventing Early Care and Education: A Vision for a Quality System
Although early care and education have gained some momentum in recent years, shortfalls in quality are still pervasive. This book defines the elements of a high-quality system and suggests strategies for improvement.

Restructuring Kindergarten in an Urban School District: The Case of Newark, New Jersey
A collaborative project of Bank Street College and the Newark Public Schools, the New Beginnings initiative was designed to bring about progressive restructuring of kindergarten classrooms. This study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the impact of the initiative on curriculum, professional development, and student outcomes in its first year.

Restructuring Urban Schools: A Chicago Perspective
The Chicago (Illinois) School Reform Act of 1988 set in motion a chain of reform efforts that have been the subject of considerable study. The plan emphasizes returning control of the schools to parents and the community through school-based management and local school councils.

Rethinking Education: Strategies for Preparing Educators To Teach in a Multicultural Society
Considers how institutions of higher learning can plan for change to prepare teachers for teaching in an increasingly multicultural society. Discusses empirical-rational, power-coercive, and normative-re-educative strategies.

Roots of reform: Challenging the assumptions that control change in education
The education reform movement that began in the 1980s has produced disappointing and unsatisfactory results. This book asserts that the reform movement must be reformulated, and that this information is possible and even likely for a new and vigorous effort to save the children and the schools.

Rural School Reform: Creating a Community of Learners
This paper examines an effort to support "bottom-up" change that responds to larger school reform initiatives. The intervention strategy involved a collaboration in which a cluster of rural schools designed and implemented site-based projects related to multicultural reform, and a regional college and the state department of education provided professional development and technical assistance tailored to specific projects.

Scaling Up School Restructuring in Multicultural, Multilingual Contexts: Early Observations from Sunland County. Research Report No. 2
Early observations of 13 culturally and linguistically diverse elementary schools, each of which is implementing one of six internally-developed school restructuring designs, are reported here. The schools are all located in one demographically diverse county, and the restructuring process occurred over a 4-year period.

School Reform and Student Diversity
Case studies of eight exemplary schools demonstrate that language-minority students can learn the same academic curriculum as native English speakers while pursuing English literacy. Common school characteristics include a schoolwide vision of excellence, creation of a community of learners engaged in active discovery, and well-designed, carefully executed language-development programs.

Science Teaching, Culture and Religious Values
Examines approaches to science teaching in a multiethnic context as well as contradictions to present models. Seeks to define the parameters of an antiracist approach to science teaching and provides ideas and a list of useful resources for classroom teachers.

Sharing Our Pathways: A Newsletter of the Alaska Rural Systemic Initiative, 2001
This document contains the five issues of "Sharing Our Pathways" published in 2001. This newsletter of the Alaska Rural Systemic Initiative (AKRSI) documents efforts to make Alaska rural education--particularly science education--more culturally relevant to Alaska Native students.

Sharing Our Pathways: A Newsletter of the Alaska Rural Systemic Initiative, 2001
This document contains the five issues of "Sharing Our Pathways" published in 2001.

Small schools, big imaginations: A creative look at urban public schools
School reform leaders from Chicago (Illinois), Denver (Colorado), New York (New York), Seattle (Washington), Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), and Los Angeles (California) created the Cross City Campaign for Urban School Reform to work to improve urban education so that all urban youth are well-prepared for postsecondary education, work, and citizenship.

Standards & Inclusion: Can We Have Both?
The move toward higher standards in our nation’s schools has raised a major dilemma for educators committed to the inclusion of students with disabilities. How can these students truly succeed in a learning environment where academic standards and formalized testing are increasing?” This video discusses the following: The Consequences of Higher Standards; The Seven Factors of Successful Inclusion; the Reauthorization of I.D.E.A.; and the Restructuring of Our Schools.

Standards and Practices: Children's Literature and Curricula Reform for the Twenty-First Century
Maintains that implementing the new social studies curriculum standards has been a challenge for many elementary teachers. Asserts that high-quality children's literature is essential for an integrated, multicultural curriculum.

Student Protest and Multicultural Reform: Making Sense of Campus Unrest in the 1990s
Examines college student activism of the 1990s organized around multicultural issues using case studies of protests at five institutions--Mills College (California), University of California at Los Angeles, Pennsylvania State University, Rutgers University (New Jersey), Michigan State University. Identity politics is highlighted as a key student strategy.

Surviving School Reform: A Year in the Life of One School
This book tells the story of one year in the life of Jefferson Elementary School (pseudonym for a real school), which was selected to participate in the state's "School for the Twenty-first Century" program. The faculty and principal proposed to build a developmental community school based on the following components: whole language, cooperative learning, multicultural education, an integrated curriculum, multiage grouping, technology, and mainstreaming of special-needs children.

Teacher Learning: New Policies, New Practices. The Series on School Reform
This collection of articles focuses on the practice and policy of staff development in terms of recent developments in teacher learning. Following an introduction by the editors, the book is divided into five parts.

Teaching Every Child Every Day: Learning in Diverse Schools and Classrooms. Advances in Teaching and Learning Series
Chapters in this book address the problems faced in today's diverse neighborhoods, schools, and classrooms, as well as the opportunities diversity provides. The schools, teachers, administrators, families, and communities drawn on in these selections provide examples of the effective integration of what is known about achieving success for all students as they illustrate what can be and is being done.

Telling Stories: On Ethnicity, Exclusion, and Education in Upstate New York
Public debate between Euro-American seniors and minority speakers on the educational needs of the Hispanic-American community in upstate New York is examined. Differing views of group identity emerge, and reasons for the social and educational status of the ethnic minority are presented.

The Academic Language Gap
Discusses reasons for the deep resistance students feel about assuming the role of self-conscious intellectualizer and contentious argument-maker that is demanded by academic courses. Argues that educators will miss the point if, in their dwelling on texts, canons, and political philosophies, they ignore or romanticize this resistance.

The Future Is Now: Latino Education in Georgia
Georgia's Latino student population has risen from less than 2,000 in 1976 to more than 28,000 in 1996. In 1995-96, Latinos were less likely than their peers to finish school, more likely to struggle in the classroom, and less likely to have instructors from their ethnic background.

The Harvard Education Letter, 1996
This document is comprised of volume 12 of the Harvard Education Letter, published bimonthly and addressing current issues in elementary-secondary education.

The new meaning of educational change
This book has been greatly revised and expanded to make it a definitive up-to-date reference for educational innovators involved in educational reform.

The Political Correctness Controversy Revisited
Maintains that the inclusion of diverse views to enhance understanding is one of the central tenets of education. Briefly summarizes the arguments for and against multicultural education and calls for a more tolerant and open dialog between conservative and liberal factions.

The Politics of Multicultural Education in South Africa: Vogue, Oxymoron or Political Paralysis
Argues against using American-style multicultural education in South African higher education and suggests that transitory nation-states would first need to adopt Africentric reformism in order to recapture their value system before incorporating multiculturalism into the curriculum. The relevance of the multicultural model to South Africa and why its implementation should be deferred is discussed.

The Role of a European American Scholar in Multicultural Education
Attempts to broaden the theoretical base and practical applications of multicultural education by examining the contributions of European American educators to the process. Advocates members of the dominant culture using their own lives as starting points for studying how that culture is maintained.

The Unintended Classroom: Changing the Angle of Vision of International Education
Appeals to international schools to help widen the angle of vision through which students view the world. Cautions that this broadening of vision must be balanced with the understanding that national educational communities fear a loss of identity in the "global village." (Contains 20 references.) (EMH).

The Universal Classroom
Explores the progress of multicultural education as an aspect of educational reform and as a form of accountability to significant constituencies of the present public education system. Discusses multicultural education as the effort by the public schools to cope with patterns of social change that highlight the issue of an academic underclass.

This Issue: already Reading (Children, Texts, and Contexts)
This theme issue examines various definitions and practices in reading education; highlighting children, their teachers, and the texts and contexts that shape reading. The articles examine the sociopolitical terrain shaping classroom practices, the inclusion of multicultural texts, classroom reading contexts and how they are shaped by social policies, and the construction of reading outside of school settings.

Tomorrow's schools of education: A report of the Holmes Group
This report contains nine chapters: "A New Beginning"; "The Heart of the Matter: Three Kinds of Development"; "Special Knowledge for Educators"; "Participating in Policy Development"; "Commitment to Diversity"; "Human Resources: Making People Matter"; "The Core of Learning: What All Educators Must Know"; "The Professional Development School: Integral to Tomorrow's School of Education"; and "New Commitments and New Kinds of Accountability for the TSE." To correct the problem of uneven quality in the education and screening of educators for U.S. schools, the report proposes an altered mission for schools of education.

Tomorrow's schools of education: A report of the Holmes Group
Among the challenges are the following: the education school's curriculum should focus on the learning needs of the young and development of educators at various stages of their careers; university faculties should include teachers, practitioners, and other individuals who are at home working in public schools; programs that prepare school personnel and teacher educators need to actively recruit, retain, and graduate a more ethnically diverse student body; faculty and students in schools of education should work predominantly in professional development schools rather than on college campuses; education schools should join together to form an interconnecting set of networks at local, state, regional, and national levels to ensure better work and accountability.

Towards a Multicultural Society: Bringing Postmodernism into the Classroom
Asserts that western civilization's belief in the differentiation between object and subject impedes a true multicultural discourse. Praises the postmodernist approach, that self-evident reality is actually a politically constructed text, as being useful in identifying subjectivity.

Uncertainty and decision making in teaching: Implications for managing line professionals
Most of this book's 22 chapters were written as background papers that were presented at a national conference on restructuring schooling held at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas, August 18-21, 1987. Framing the chapters of this book is the notion that if rational management systems and theoretical treatises about promoting school excellence do not take into account the realities of the workplace; they will not bring about sustained improvements in our nation's schools.

Unity in Diversity: The Enigma of the European Dimension in Education
The article maintains that efforts aimed at the development of a European dimension to the general education curriculum offered in individual nations' schooling have increased in recent years and asserts that the immediate goal is to provide young people with opportunities beyond their national borders. (CFR).

Unity in Diversity: The Enigma of the European Dimension in Education
Maintains that efforts aimed at the development of a European dimension to the general education curriculum offered in individual nations' schooling have increased in recent years. Asserts that the immediate goal is to provide young people with opportunities beyond their national borders.

Urban Schools Rethink Themselves: Developing Instructional Skills in the Process of Change
Explores aspects of professional development within the Accelerated Schools model and suggests ways to realize teacher's potential for strengthening the mediational skills that are critical to quality education. Additionally, examines examples of the impact on teacher performance and of training that promotes research and inquiry.

Visible Differences and Unseen Commonalities: Viewing Students as the Connections Between Schools and Communities
Community involvement has become an integral part of the national reform agenda and the call for increased involvement and redefining schools’ and communities’ roles and relationships has broad-based support. But the ways in which parents and advocates envision their involvement is often different than the ways in which school administrators think about it.

Visual Arts Education Reform Handbook. Suggested Policy Perspectives on Art Content and Student Learning in Art Education: Maintaining a Substantive Focus. Corp Author(s): National Art Education Association, Reston, Va
This handbook offers suggestions for educational reform in areas of student art learning, art education, and art content. After an "Introduction," which presents the philosophy and goals for reform, the document addresses the following issues: "What Is Student Art Learning?";.

Voices of change: A report of the clinical schools project
The Ford Foundation Clinical Schools Project was designed to assist higher education institutions, school systems, and teachers' professional organizations to collaborate in creating for teacher education the equivalent of the medical profession's teaching hospitals. Seven sites implemented experimental clinical training programs in six states: Florida, Kentucky, Maine, New York, Pennsylvania, and Washington.

What Counts and How: Mathematics Teaching in Culturally, Linguistically, and Socioeconomically Diverse Urban Settings
Examined urban teachers' efforts to embrace mathematics reform with culturally, linguistically, and socioeconomically diverse student populations, noting teachers' roles in providing accessible and valuable mathematical learning opportunities to diverse students. Data from two third grade teachers indicate that such work is complex.

What the Russian School Ought to Be Like
Asserts that Russian society and Russian schools are going through a profound crisis. Maintains that the best approach to solving social and educational problems is to restore and develop national principles and group cohesion.

SimSchool Funded by the U.S. Department of Education Technology Innovations
Challenge Grant Program and the U.S. Department of Education PT3 Digital Equity Task Force

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