NCCRESt

part of the Education Reform Networks

Families

• Kerkam by Kerkam v. Superintendent, D.C. Public Schools
  Parents of a student with severe mental retardation sued for reimbursement of costs for a private placement. The Circuit Court remanded for a ruling on "appropriateness" finding that the lower court had applied a "maximizing" standard in its initial opinion.
• Pedagogy, Politics, and Schools: Films about Social Justice in Education
  Reviews six films about issues related to multicultural and social justice education in the United States: "It's Elementary: Talking about Gay Issues in School"; "Starting Small: Teaching Children Tolerance"; "In Whole Honor?"; "Children Talk about AIDS"; "Fear and Learning at Hoover Elementary"; and "'Good Morning Miss Toliver.'" (SM).
• Literacy Learning from a Multicultural Perspective (Literacy Learning Outside the Classroom)
  The article finds that many immigrant parents (from China, Iran, and India) and their children oppose diametrically many aspects of emergent literacy. The article discusses major differences in beliefs about teaching and learning related to accuracy/precision, focus of control, assessment/accountability, expectations, and rote memorization.
• Why Cooking in the Curriculum?
  Discusses how food preparation activities in the early childhood classroom can facilitate parent participation. Explains how cooking activities can involve reading, math, science, reading, writing, multicultural components, and creativity.
• From Cradle to School: A Practical Guide to Racial Equality in Early Childhood Education and Care. Revised.
  This guide shows how the Race Relations Act of 1976 and the Children Act of 1989 apply to young children in the United Kingdom and to those who have responsibility for their care and education. The 1989 Children Act, a comprehensive piece of legislation that addresses religion, racial origin, and cultural and linguistic background, adds to the specific requirements of the Race Relations Act.
• Issues of Discrimination in European Education Systems
  Examines difficulties and complexities in researching issues of discrimination in education across European countries as a first step in devising intercultural curricula. Discusses cross-national differences in terminology, in the ways in which research issues related to racism and interculturalism are formulated, and in the educational experience of children of immigrant and ex-colonial groups.
• Preventing Substance Abuse from Undermining Permanency Planning: Competencies at the Intersection of Culture, Chemical Dependency, and Child Welfare
  Understanding the overlap between culture, race, substance misuse, and maltreatment is central to implementing better permanent plans for children and their families. Examines the intersection of these areas and presents a typology of five competency areas for culturally relevant substance abuse knowledge, attitudes, and skills to strengthen permanency planning and family continuity for children of color.
• Preschool Children's Classification Skills and a Multicultural Education Intervention To Promote Acceptance of Ethnic Diversity
  Examined the impact of an 8-week intervention program designed to reduce racial/ethnic stereotyping among preschoolers varying in classification skill. Found that children in the experimental group had increased in classification skills at posttest and were less likely to sort photo cards by race/ethnicity and more likely to sort them by gender and age than were control group children.
• Charting the Development of Multi-Ethnic Britain
  Provides a broad history of the contribution of people of Asian origin, particularly Indian origin, to the development of the United Kingdom, discussing the racial bias they have historically faced in the country's educational, social, and employment systems. A timeline of the Indian presence in Great Britain from 1688-1999 is presented.
• Fugitive Cultures: Race, Violence, and Youth
  This book examines the racist and sexist assault on today's youth which is being played out in the realms of popular and children's culture. The book interrogates the aesthetic of violence in a number of public arenas--talk radio, Disney animation, and in such films as "Pulp Fiction," "Kids," "Slackers," and "Juice,"--and challenges cultural workers and other progressives to help reverse the attack on those who are most powerless in American society, children and adolescents.
• The Emergence of Chicanos in the Twenty-First Century: Implications for Counseling, Research, and Policy
  Provides a descriptive analysis of recent demographic population estimates for Chicanos in the United States. Examines variables such as immigration, language, education, family, geographic distribution, socioeconomic issues, and age.
• Walczak v. Florida Union Free School District
  The IDEA does not require states to "...maximize the potential of handicapped children..." however the "door of public education must be opened in a 'meaningful' way..." "This is not done if an IEP affords only the opportunity for only 'trivial advancement'..." An appropriate education under the IDEA is one that is "likely to produce progress, not regression.".
• Multicultural Aspects of Parent Involvement in Transition Planning
  A survey of 308 African-American, Hispanic-American, Native-American, and European-American parents found that culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) parents are active in transition planning activities and, in some instances, their level of reported participation surpassed that of European-American parents. In contrast, 52 professionals described CLD parents as less involved.
• Compliance and correlated problem behavior in children: Effects of contingent and noncontigent reinforcement.
  
• Help A Child Learn To Read
  Intended for people who are willing to expend the effort to help children become independent readers and writers, this book presents professionally accepted approaches and techniques with step-by-step instructions for tutoring on a one-on-one basis in the language of the lay person.
• A Few Words about Diversity and Rigidity: One Director's Perspective. Food for Thought
  Discusses implementing multicultural curricula in early childhood settings. Maintains that early childhood educators need to accept and learn to: live with their personal biases while identifying and confronting them to teach tolerance and acceptance; customize work to staff and children in the program, and be aware of the danger of putting theories ahead of serving individual children and families.
• The Development of Course Content: Teaching Child Development from a Multicultural Perspective. Focus on African American Children
  This paper addresses the dominant view from which child development is currently taught, examining the impact of culture on the developing child and offering a rationale for shifting paradigms toward a more inclusive framework of instruction. The dominant framework presents child development from a middle class white, generally western, paradigm.
• Families 6
  This is an xml file with 63 references.
• Harriet Rohmer on New Voices and Visions in Multicultural Literature
  Presents an interview with Harriet Rohmer, founder of Children's Book Press, an independent publishing house founded in 1975 dedicated to publishing bilingual children's books authored and illustrated by writers and artists of American minority communities. Discusses how she selects books for publication, books to be published soon, and the importance of all children seeing reflections of themselves in books.
• Small schools, big imaginations: A creative look at urban public schools
  School reform leaders from Chicago (Illinois), Denver (Colorado), New York (New York), Seattle (Washington), Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), and Los Angeles (California) created the Cross City Campaign for Urban School Reform to work to improve urban education so that all urban youth are well-prepared for postsecondary education, work, and citizenship. Papers in this volume provide insights into an approach advocated by the Cross City Campaign, the small schools movement.
• Evaluation of Six Family-Support Programs: Are They Effective?
  Family-support programs employ multiple strategies in an effort to strengthen families and promote the well-being of children. The multidimensionality of these programs-viewed by many experts as a strength-renders them particularly difficult to evaluate.
• At Home with Multicultural Adolescent Literature
  Presents 24 brief annotations of recent fiction for adolescents that focuse on the roles that homes play in the diverse cultures in the United States. Lists eight suggested activities for exploring the role of home in young adult and other literature.
• Commitment to Change: The Council on Interracial Books for Children and the World of Children's Books
  The Council on Interracial Books for Children (CIBC), founded in 1965, was formed to promote and develop children's literature that adequately reflects a multiracial society and to effect change in media portrayal of minorities. Past critiques by CIBC of "The Cay" (Theodore Taylor) and "To Kill a Mockingbird" (Harper Lee) are highlighted.
• Library Facilities and Books for Palestinian Arab Children
  Presents an overview of libraries and related services for Palestinian Arab Children in the Haifa and Galilee regions of Israel and on the West Bank based on interviews with librarians and educators between 1993 and 1996. Covers funding, organization, collection development, censorship, staffing, and programming.
• Multicultural Central Asia
  This article addresses the multicultural aspect of Central Asia in response to the discussion on diversity in U.S. classrooms.
• Intercultural Education and Literacy: An Ethnographic Study of Indigenous Knowledge and Learning in the Peruvian Amazon. Studies in Written Language and Literacy, Volume 7
  This book examines indigenous education in South America, focusing on the development of intercultural education and on an ethnographic study of educational processes and change among the Arakmbut people of the Peruvian Amazon. The Arakmbut are one of seven Harakmbut-speaking peoples who live in the Department of Madre de Dios in southeastern Peru.
• Partnership Teaching: Success for All Children Using Math as a Vehicle
  Using a constructivist and multicultural approach, math skills were taught in urban elementary classrooms. Acceptance of self and others, teamwork, problem solving, and critical thinking were emphasized.
• Technology and Multicultural Education: The Question of Convergence
  Examines the potential for convergence of technology and multicultural education, identifying strategies for and barriers to developing common ground. The paper explains differences and oppositions, examines parallels in the pedagogical work of the two groups, and discusses whether parallel beliefs and pedagogies might support collaborative, simultaneous efforts toward the achievement of both agendas.
• Acquisition and Manifestation of Prejudice in Children
  Identifies three major categories of prejudice: conscious/intentional, conscious/unintentional, and unconscious/unintentional. Asserts that prejudice plays a large role in the development of children and has its origins in the individual's group identity.
• Cultural Concerns in Addressing Barriers to Learning: An Introductory Packet. Corp Author(s): California Univ., Los Angeles. Center for Mental Health in Schools
  This introductory packet provides information on cultural concerns that should be considered in addressing barriers to student learning. The packet ends with a state list of consultants, organizational resources, and an ERIC digest on issues in multicultural counseling.
• Indigenous Education: Survival for Our Children
  Article explores definitions of indigenous peoples and the meaning of indigenous education. Education has often been a political tool to deny the identities of indigenous people, but it can become a way for indigenous people to reclaim their rights and cultural identities.
• Training Child Welfare Workers To Meet the Requirements of the Indian Child Welfare Act
  Describes a culturally sensitive program developed by the University of Washington School of Social Work, the Washington Department of Social and Health Services, and 26 Indian tribes in Washington State that trained 34 child welfare personnel to better implement the intent of the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978. Contains program evaluation results and 14 references.
• Critical Perspectives on Project Head Start: Revisioning the Hope and Challenge. SUNY Series, Youth Social Services, Schooling, and Public Policy
  This book offers critical perspective on the complex dynamics of politics, class, gender, power, race, and ethnicity in Project Head Start. Moving beyond the literature on Head Start's effects on children's achievement, the volume considers how the program has operated with families, in communities, and with other institutions.
• Lenn v. Portland School Committee
  "The IDEA does not promise perfect solutions to the vexing problems posed by the existence of learning disabilities in children and adolescents. The Act sets more modest goals; it emphasizes an appropriate rather than ideal, education; it requires an adequate rather than optimal, IEP..
• School Choice and Social Justice
  This book presents a view of what constitutes social justice in education, arguing that justice requires that all children have a real opportunity to become autonomous people, and that the state use a criterion of educational equality for deploying educational resources. Through systematic evaluation of empirical evidence, the book suggests that existing plans do not fare well against the criterion of social justice, yet this need not impugn school choice.
• Altar-ing Family Communication: The Shrine/Altar Project in the Family Communication Course
  This paper describes an assignment originally designed for a course in family communication now being taught at the upper undergraduate level at a state university in the southwestern United States. The shrine, the project/assignment described in the paper, combines locally relevant cultural traditions which are broadly applicable with course concepts such as defining families; family stories and meaning making; family themes; rituals and traditions; family rules and roles, and so forth.
• Effects of systematic formative education: A meta-analysis.
  
• Multiethnic Children's Literature: Its Need for a Permanent Place in the Children's Literary Canon
  This literature review emphasizes teaching from a multicultural perspective with a focus on integrating multiethnic literature into the core curriculum. Multiethnic literature has been defined as literature dealing with peoples of diverse backgrounds within the United States, including African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans.
• Ronker v. Walter
  A case in Ohio where parents asked for their child, a student who was segregated on the basis of a low I.Q., to have interactions with typical peers occur for speech and behavior models - because of segregation this could not happen.
• "Being a Decent Human Being Is a Modern Way To Be a Warrior."
  As the Navajo nation undergoes rapid assimilation and modernization, counseling needs of the Navajo children have changed in ways similar to counseling needs in developing or "Eastern Block" nations. An adolescent sub-culture, full of at-risk behaviors, is epidemic worldwide.
• Representing the Inuit in Contemporary British and Canadian Juvenile Non-Fiction
  Examines text and pictorial representations of the Inuit in juvenile reference books and in geographical and historical juvenile non-fiction works. Finds continuing prevalence of a wide range of stereotypes.
• Why All the Counting? Feminist Social Science Research on Children's Literature
  Addresses the question of why counting has figured so prominently in feminist social sciences studies of children's literature. Documents the quantitative approach to children's books used by both liberal and radical feminists; gives an account of why this approach has been so popular among feminist social scientists; and outlines some of the achievements and limitations of this approach.
• Integrated classrooms versus resource model: Academic viability and effectiveness
  Inclusion remains a controversial concept in education because it relates to educational and social values, as well as to our sense of individual worth. Any discussion about inclusion should address several important questions: Do we value all children equally? Is anyone more or less valuable? What do we mean by "inclusion?" Are there some children for whom "inclusion" is inappropriate?.
• Project BESTT: A Training Model for Rural, Multicultural, Bilingual Special Education
  Rural schools along the New Mexico-Mexico border face unusual challenges in meeting the special education needs of a culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) population. This population includes Anglo Americans, Mexican Americans, Mexicans, and American Indians.
• Relaxation: A comprehensive manual for adults, children, and children with special needs.
  
• Planning for school change: School-community collaboration in a full service elementary school
  Examined the first year of cooperative planning between an elementary school and the local community for a full-service elementary school collaboration. Data from observations, surveys, and interviews provide feedback on perceptions of student achievement, barriers, parent participation, leadership and power, the planning process, and goals and visions.
• Restructured teacher education for inclusiveness: A dream deferred for African American children.
  
• Understanding Puerto Rican Culture Using Puerto Rican Children's Literature
  Presents examples of Puerto Rican children's literature, explaining how these books facilitate understanding of Puerto Rican culture. Describes criteria used to evaluate Puerto Rican children's literature and how to acquire the books using Puerto Rican bookstores, publishers, and distributors.
• Education in Micronesia: A Multicultural Perspective
  Traditional education in Micronesia has been informal and experiential, with a communal orientation. Certain knowledge is secret, and much folklore and mythology is sacred.
• Implementing a preferral intervention system: Part II. The data.
  
• Why the Need for the Indian Child Welfare Act?
  Explores two historical periods that preceded the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978: the boarding and mission school era (1880s-1950s) and the Indian adoption era (1950s-70s). The assimilationist social welfare policy of those two eras led to the eventual need for special legislation that protects tribal self-determination, heritage, and family preservation.
• Capistrano Unified School District v. Wartenberg By and Through Wartenberg
  The district appealed a hearing officer's decision requiring it to reimburse the parents of a student with a learning disability for private placement. The court ultimately determined that the district's proposed placement was inappropriate based on the facts and that..
• Dismantling the Digital Divide: A Multicultural Education Framework
  Describes inequities in access to computers by gender and race, drawing connections between the two and discussing the use of a multicultural education approach to understanding and eliminating the digital divide. This involves such actions as critiquing technology-related inequities in the context of larger educational and social inequities, broadening the significance of access, and confronting capitalist propaganda.
• What are schools for
  Problems of schooling in the United States are explored in the monograph. Major educational problems are grouped in two categories--confusion over educational objectives and a rush to solve vaguely understood educational problems with ill-conceived action.
• Comer Schools: Are They Recognizable Through Direct Observation?
  "The Comer School Development Program is a school reform model that, in full implementation, creates positive school climate. The research has confirmed that this can be observed.
• The Division of Libraries Serving the General Public--A Survey
  This paper provides an overview of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Division III, a forum for the IFLA sections and round tables comprising libraries serving the general public, as well as special library services directed to specific groups of the general public, such as children, linguistic minorities, people with disabilities, and people in hospitals or prisons.
• Speaking the Unpleasant. The Politics of (non)Engagement in the Multicultural Education Terrain. SUNY Series, The Social Context of Education
  This book addresses the clashing, controversial ideological and ontological postures that emanate when multicultural education issues are the sum and substance for engagement by learners in various educational settings.
• Reflections on Theory and Practice in Parent Involvement from a Phenomenological Perspective
  A phenomenological study of a 26-member involved-parent culture unearthed a conception: involved parents participate in their own and other children's lives both inside and outside schools. The portrait of an involved parent is more multicultural (and multifaceted) than commonly portrayed.
• Cultural Awareness Education in Early Childhood Education
  A cultural awareness curriculum was implemented in one multicultural kindergarten class in a Los Angeles suburb school. The project, intended to foster ethnic pride and reduce ethnic prejudice, began the first week of school and extended for 2 months.
• A NEW ERA: Revitalizing Special Education for Children and their Families
  
• International Early Childhood Resources from ERIC
  Presents annotated bibliography of recent ERIC documents/journal articles providing international early-childhood resources. Topics of documents include day care and infant attachment, multicultural child care, drug-use prevention, and early language learning.
• Context for learning: socio-cultural dynamics in children's development.
  This provocative work on children's development in context presents recent theoretical developments and research findings that have been generated by sociocultural theory. Three main themes are explored in detail: discourse and learning in classroom practice, interpersonal relations in formal and informal education, and the institutional context of learning.
• Children's Literature about Disabilities Enhancing Multicultural Education in Elementary Schools
  This paper describes the use of unbiased stories featuring children with disabilities as a part of presenting a multicultural perspective in elementary schools. It emphasizes that the inclusion of a multicultural perspective will help teach social acceptance rather than separation, and laments that current children's books about disabilities tell little about true experiences of people with disabilities and have had the ultimate effect of dehumanizing the people.
• Knable ex. Re. Knable v. Bexley City School District
  After district failed to convene an IEP meeting for student, parents unilaterally withdrew child with behavior disorder from school, enrolled in a private school and sued for reimbursement. Court held that substantive harm, resulting in a denial of a FAPE under IDEA, occurs when the procedural violations of IDEA seriously infringe upon the parents' opportunity to participate in the IEP process, and procedural violations that deprive an eligible student of an individualized education program or result in the loss of educational opportunity also will constitute a denial of a FAPE.
• Bridges on the I-Way: Multicultural Resources Online. HAPI Online: Hispanic American Periodicals Index
  Reviews the Hispanic American Periodicals Index (HAPI Online), which covers information about Central and South America, Mexico, the Caribbean Basin, the U.S. Mexican border, and Hispanics in the United States.
• Ten Common Fallacies about Bilingual Education. ERIC Digest
  Although a growing body of research points to the potential benefits of bilingual education, there are a number of commonly held beliefs that run counter to research findings. Based on current research, this digest clarifies some of the myths and misconceptions surrounding language use and bilingual education in the United States.
• An Exploration of the Delivery of Mental Health Care by HMOs
  This paper explores the thesis that a discrepancy exists in the treatment of physical disease over mental illness when care is provided by Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs). Inconsistencies exist in the form of narrowed and abbreviated treatment models coupled with outmoded views towards mental illness.
• Do Social Skills Programs Accommodate Cultural Diversity? A Review of Secondary Curricula
  This review examined the extent to which commercially available social skills curricula designed for adolescent populations (including those with learning and behavior problems) accommodate cultural diversity. Introductory material discusses the need for culturally responsive teaching in social skills training.
• Learning the Chinese Language in a Multicultural Milieu: Factors Affecting Chinese-Canadian Adolescents' Ethnic Language School Experience
  Surveys of 510 Chinese-Canadian adolescents attending 3 Chinese language schools in Calgary (Alberta) found that older immigrant children maintained or developed the native language better than younger ones, and limited teaching hours and insufficient reinforcement for using Chinese outside school hindered development of literacy in Chinese. (Contains 30 references.) (TD).
• The Foreign-Born Parent Network, 1995-1996.
  This document consists of the first six issues of a newsletter that addresses the concerns and needs of foreign-born parents living in the United States. Spanish-language editions of numbers 4-6 are included.
• Proactive strategies for managing social behavior problems: An instructional approach.
  
• Five Themes To Enhance the Value of Psychology to Schools
  Psychology as a profession and the American educational system are in a major period of transition. If the guiding principle of psychology's improvement in the schools is the support and enhancement of the education system, then the inevitable outcome will be that psychology will be seen as an indispensable partner.
• Adolescent Violent Behavior: An Analysis across and within Racial/Ethnic Groups
  Analysis of data from a national longitudinal study of adolescent health found that adolescent involvement in four types of violent behaviors was related to race/ethnicity, gender, and family structure. Family cohesion was a protective factor against all types of violence.
• Milagros in the Mid-Columbia: An Integrated Lesson Plan. Sixth Grade Social Studies Unit on Mexican Migrant Workers
  Since the early 1950s, several programs have enticed thousands of rural Mexicans to migrate to California and the Northwest to be agricultural workers. The resultant demographic and cultural impacts have been immense.
• Close to the classroom is close to the bone: Coaching as a means to translate research into classroom practice.
  
• Paths to Equity: Cultural, Linguistic and Racial Diversity in Canadian Early Childhood Education
  Childcare centers in Canada's largest cities frequently have children with family languages other than English or French and who are of diverse racial and cultural backgrounds. This three-part study focused on cultural diversity in early childhood education (ECE) settings in Toronto (Ontario), Vancouver (British Columbia), and Montreal (Quebec).
• Standing Ovations and Profound Learning: Cultural Diversity in Theatre
  Describes the profound learning that took place at the International Children's Theatre Festival in Toyama City, Japan in July 2000. Argues that participation by the Japanese-American Drama Ensemble, a youth group from the public schools in Lexington, Massachusetts, and more than 400 children from all over the planet, showcased the cultural diversity that should be taught in the theater.
• Breaking the Silence: The Stories of Gay and Lesbian People in Children's Literature
  Discusses how for gay or lesbian youth, the issues of identity and acceptance that are ignored both in life and in literature are not only profound but also dangerous. Notes that books that include gay or lesbian characters usually elicit a strong negative reaction to their content by vocal conservative groups.
• Compendium: Writings on Effective Practices for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Exceptional Learners
  Derived from two national multicultural symposia, this compendium focuses on an array of topics that combine research and educational practices for youth from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds with disabilities and/or gifts.
• That Old Gang of Mine. Movies about Friendship, Loyalty, and the Culture of Violence
  Reviews three contemporary movies, "Sleepers," "Girls Town," and "Slingblade" in which the common thread is abuse of helpless children by patriarchal authorities, adult white men who assert power over young people. In all three movies, the anger of the young people and their friends suggests respect for the righteousness of violence that raises many social questions.
• Bilingual Education and Social Change. Bilingual Education and Bilingualism: 14
  A case study is provided of dual-language planning and implementation at the Oyster Bilingual School, a successful Spanish-English public elementary school program in the District of Columbia. The first three chapters offer background information for understanding how the program interacts with the larger sociopolitical context of minority education in the United States.
• A Seat at the Table: Toward a National Agenda for Asian Pacific American Children. Proceedings from "Children in Need: Asian American and Pacific Islander Children" at the Children's Defense Fund National Conference (New York, NY, March 25-28, 2000).
  These proceedings from a conference on the health needs of Asian and Pacific American (APA) children include discussions and recommendations from each breakout session. The breakout sessions focused on trends and services; K-12 education; health and mental health; child abuse and neglect services; bias crime and violence; and poverty and welfare reform.
• The Failure of Bilingual Education
  This monograph is based on a conference on bilingual education held by the Center for Equal Opportunity (CEO) in September, 1995 in Washington, D.C. CEO made repeated attempts to secure speakers representing the pro-bilingual education viewpoint; the paper by Portes and Schauffler represents this view.
• JSK By and Through JK v. Hendry County School Board
  "J.S.K.'s parents argue that, to satisfy the second part of, Rowley, , the Board must have provided J.S.K. with what his parents call 'meaningful' educational benefits.
• Achieving Despite the Odds: A Study of Resilience Among a Group of African American High School Seniors
  This article reports on a study examining the phenomenon of resilience, or the manifestation of competence despite the presence of stressful life events or circumstance, as a factor leading to the academic success of 20 African American 12th graders (10 females, 10 males) from impoverished backgrounds.
• Assessment of the natural environment.
  
• Multicultural Education in the New Century
  Democratic societies require citizens committed to realizing democratic ideals. Multicultural education helps unify a nation deeply divided along racial, ethnic, and class lines.
• Roots of reform: Challenging the assumptions that control change in education
  The education reform movement that began in the 1980s has produced disappointing and unsatisfactory results. This book asserts that the reform movement must be reformulated, and that this information is possible and even likely for a new and vigorous effort to save the children and the schools.
• Connecting Readers and Writers with Books: Weaving Literature into the School Community
  Offers descriptions of 34 books for children and young adolescents (many of them illustrated books), in the following categories: books for the youngest readers; poems for young writers; books about the moon; books celebrating city life; books for older readers; and books of multicultural folktales. (SR).
• The Power of Poetry
  Discusses poetry and the power it can have in elementary school classes. Considers why poetry is effective and the value of memorizing poems, and recommends multicultural titles for Blacks, Mexican Americans, Asian Americans that can help motivate children to read and write.
• Family-centered practices in early intervention, preschool, elementary and secondary schools
  
• ERIC/EECE Report: Character Education
  Summarizes recent ERIC documents in early childhood education and related areas. Topics include the integrated character education model, conflicts and prospects of character education in multicultural education, and the role of the schools in character education.
• Timothy W. v. Rochester N.H. School District
  Timothy W. is a child with complex developmental disabilities, spastic quadriplegia, cerebral palsy, weizure disorder, and cortical blindness.
• Arts and Learning Research, 1996-1997. The Journal of the Arts and Learning Special Interest Group of the American Educational Research Association (New York, New York, April 1996)
  The papers gathered in this volume were presented at the 1996 meeting of the American Educational Research Association, mostly at programs of the Arts and Learning Special Interest Group.
• Linguistic Diversity
  Discusses 14 books for young readers, chosen for the diversity of their languages, cultures, and uniqueness. (SR).
• Polynesian Folklore: An Alternative to Plastic Toys
  Argues that folklore goes beyond plastic toys and popular media symbols to share the humanness of a people. Suggest ways to use Polynesian folklore (nature fables, tales, and legends) to deepen children's understanding of Polynesian culture.
• Annotated Bibliography of 100 Quality Books of Multicultural Literature for Children in Grades K-6 (1990-1996)
  This annotated bibliography of contemporary multicultural books for children is divided into sections on: (1) non-fiction, biography (12 citations); (2) non-fiction, information (18 citations); (3) contemporary realistic fiction (14 citations); (4) folklore (11 citations); (5) historical fiction (11 citations); (6) modern fantasy (10 citations); (7) picture books (12 citations); and (8) poetry (12 citations). (NKA).
• The Promise of Adulthood
  This chapter explores the status of adulthood and discusses how adulthood applies to people with severe disabilities. The point is not that people with severe disabilities who are over the age of 18 or 21 are somehow not adults, of course, they are adults.
• Christianity in Public Schools: Perspective of a Non-Christian Immigrant Parent
  Presents the dilemma of infusion of Christian ideology in public education faced by ethnic-immigrant families. Explores three factors challenging the validity of non-Christian beliefs and disfavoring bicultural and bilingual socialization of ethnic children: family structure and religiosity, community orthodoxy, and Christian education in public schools.
• "Bending the Future to Their Will": Civic Women, Social Education, and Democracy
  This book examines the lives and work of women who forged a distinctive tradition of social education from the late 19th century to the late 20th century, one that offered an alternative set of ideas about its means and ends to those propounded by mainstream educational theorists. In the book, the term "social education" is used to suggest that education about democracy and citizenship has occurred in a variety of settings beyond the school.
• Television: A One-Way Bridge between Cultures? Objectives for a Curriculum on Television
  Examines television as a means for providing multicultural education. Discusses the influence of television on children, the stereotypical message of television, how ethnic groups are portrayed, and objectives for a curriculum on television.
• Carter G. Woodson Book Awards
  Presents the recipients of the 1999 Carter G. Woodson book awards that honor books focusing on ethnic minorities and race relations in a manner appropriate for young readers; the books cover topics that include the lives of Langston Hughes, Rosa Parks, and Ida B.
• Multiple intelligences in the classroom
  This book (second edition) is an adaptation of Howard Gardener's theory on multiple intelligences (MI). The model in this book provides a language for talking about the inner gifts of so-called learning-disabled children.
• The Socializing Role of Early Childhood Development and Education (ECD) in the 21st Century
  Noting demographic and socio-political shifts in Europe, this paper discusses challenges facing early childhood education in providing children with sufficient competence to cope successfully with discontinuities in their lives caused by rapidly changing social conditions and family structure. The paper outlines some contextual conditions which need to be considered when defining quality education, then focuses on three aspects of European early childhood education of central importance in terms of social integration: social integration of children with special needs, intercultural education as a reality in Europe, and continuities versus discontinuities, or coping with transitions.
• Creating the will; Hispanics achieving eductional excellence: A report to the President of the United States, the Secretary of Education and the nation
  This report provides data on the current educational condition of Hispanics from early childhood through graduate and professional education. It also offers strategies for multiple sectors, parents, schools, communities, the private sector, and the government, to improve Hispanic educational achievement.
• Number and type of personnel employed and needed to provide special education and related services to children and youth with disabilities.
  
• Learning disabled children's peer interactions during a small group problem-solving task.
  
• Suburban Bigotry: A Descent into Racism & Struggle for Redemption
  One New Jersey school district responded to racism and educational bias by implementing prejudice reduction initiatives. The community had been all white until the mid-1990s, when it became one-third minority.
• Time estimation abilities of emotionally disturbed elementary children
  
• Mosaics (Children's Books)
  Presents brief annotations of 49 illustrated children's books, categorized into the following groupings: multicultures, odds and ends, solutions, animals, individuals, celebrations, and settings. (SR).
• TIPS Pamphlets for Parents
  This manual presents 99 one-sheet informational brochures designed to improve parenting skills for children with and without disabilities. Each brochure is in a format suitable for duplicating, folding, and distributing.
• Families 3
  This has 160 references.
• The Theoretical Foundations of Professional Development in Special Education: Is Sociocultural Theory Enough?
  This article reviews sociocultural, multicultural, and critical pedagogical theories and suggests that an adequate and sufficient theoretical framework for professional development in special education must explicitly and directly address issues of power, discrimination, and relative status that underlie dilemmas of practice. It offers vignettes of such dilemmas, with reference to the 1998 Council for Exceptional Children's professional standards.
• Bernard van Leer Foundation Newsletter, 1996.
  This document consists of the four issues of the Bernard van Leer Foundation's "Newsletter" published during 1996. The newsletter covers topics related to, or about efforts to foster, the education and welfare of children around the world, and includes descriptions of programs around the world, lists of resources and publications, and early childhood news.
• Engaging Effectively with Culturally Diverse Families and Children
  Describes a practice model that school social workers can use when helping culturally diverse families. Model emphasizes the importance of building a perspective for understanding culture and presents a framework for cross-cultural practice that includes some basic skills for effective transactions.
• Electronic Resources for Selecting and Using Children's Literature
  This annotated list of electronic resources suggests materials for selecting and using children's literature. Highlights include children's classics, beginning reader lists, lists by genre and/or grade level, multicultural booklists, annual lists of noted children's literature, children's book awards, extending children's literature, book publishers, and additional sites.
• Improving Pupil Attendance: Inclusive and Sensitive Approaches
  Describes a British secondary school's efforts to improve student attendance by promoting social inclusion. The project involved a first day absence monitor, school counselor, Education Welfare Officer, and specialist teacher.
• Meeting the Challenge of Educating for Unity: Multicultural Teacher Education at East Carolina University
  East Carolina University's school of education has embraced multicultural education challenges through preparing educational leaders, conducting research, and delivering relevant services. The college's underlying commitments include supporting research into development of ethnocentric awareness in young children, developing inservice outreach programs and curricular revisions, and constructing a democratic rationale for universal multicultural education.
• Early Childhood Literacy: Programs & Strategies To Develop Cultural, Linguistic, Scientific and Healthcare Literacy for Very Young Children & their Families, 2001 Yearbook
  This yearbook recounts the work in 2001 at the Early Childhood Development Center (ECDC) at Texas A & M University-Corpus Christi. Rather than an "elitist" laboratory school for the children of university faculty, the ECDC is a collaboration between the Corpus Christi Independent.
• Influence of Culture and Home Environment on Science Learning
  This paper has the potential for identifying and codifying the home learning environment and parental factors in a unique multicultural setting within Australian schools, and for the establishment of research-based initiatives for more effective collaboration between schools and parents. The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) revealed that home environment factors were thought to be strongly related to mathematics and science achievement in every TIMSS country.
• Child Rearing in African American Families: A Study of the Disciplinary Practices of African American Parents
  Examines the disciplinary patterns and practices of African-American parents (N=121). Results indicate that the context of the disciplinary episode influenced how African-American parents disciplined their children.
• Forty Years After Brown: The Impact of Immigration Policy on Desegregation
  Examines how current legal trends and policies shape the efforts of educators in urban schools serving the multicultural communities where immigrant families reside. Relevant laws and policies are reviewed, as well as the strategies educators use to meet the needs of immigrant children, including access to schools and programs, assessment and placement, and engineered school climates.
• Need for funding and role of bias downplayed in new study on the over-identification of children from diverse backgrounds for special education. Press Release.
  
• Using Stories To Introduce and Teach Multicultural Literature
  Discusses the importance of stories in introducing migrants to the new societies they enter. Stories allow people to reach out to past generations and provide examples of successful coping in new lives.
• MPACT
  Parent training & information center for families of disabled children.
• Native American Stories Enhancing Multicultural Education in Elementary Schools
  This paper describes the use of unbiased Native American stories as part of a multicultural perspective in elementary schools. The inclusion of a multicultural perspective will help teach social acceptance rather than separation.
• Equity and Diversity in Classroom Computer Use: A Case Study
  A case study explored how an effective teacher in an urban multicultural classroom uses computers. Identified effective management and instructional strategies.
• Markers of Multicultural/Antibias Education
  Contends that creating a program that reflects diversity and equity is an evolving process. Presents common markers whereby programs can judge individual levels on the multicultural and antibias education journey.
• Points of View in Children's Writing
  Argues that children's points of view shape knowledge in the classroom and are central to the development of children's writing and learning. Finds points of view by referring to examples of talk and writing; explains how cultural and personal factors come into play; and proposes that points of view become an explicit aspect of instruction, especially in multicultural settings.
• Project Kaleidoscope, 1996-2000. Final Report: Executive Summary. Corp Author(s): George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA. Helen A. Kellar Inst. for Human disAbilities. Publication: U.S.; Virginia; 2001-01-18 Description: 14 p
  This final report describes the activities and outcomes of Project Kaleidoscope, a grant funded project designed to develop, field test, and disseminate training materials and methods to prepare personnel to better serve culturally, linguistically and developmentally diverse young children and their families. The project addressed the central roles of families, communities, and culture in child development.
• To assure the free appropriate public education of all children with disabilities.
  It is the purpose of this Act to assure that all handicapped children have available to them, within the time periods specified in section 612(2) (B). a free appropriate public education which emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs, to assure that the rights of handicapped children and their parents or guardians are protected, to assist States and localities to provide for the education of all handicapped children and to assess and assure the effectiveness of efforts to educate handicapped children.
• Reading Researchers in Search of Common Ground
  Investigating what 11 eminent literacy scholars with diverse philosophies could agree to regarding contexts and practices for teaching reading, this book presents comprehensive analyses of these findings, dubbed the "Expert Study," and their implications. It includes a reprint of the 1998 article "Points of Agreement:.
• Models To Improve Service Delivery. Chapter 8
  This collection of papers presented at a 1996 conference on children's mental health focuses on models to improve service delivery.
• Adult Learning and Development: Multicultural Stories
  This book contains 28 personal stories and poems about growth and development in adulthood that were written by individuals who were purposely chosen to reflect the diversity of U.S. culture and sociocultural factors such as race and ethnicity, gender, class, sexual orientation, and able-bodiedness that affect development in adulthood.
• Geometry through Beadwork Designs
  Presents a lesson on geometry and beadwork with five phases of learning as described by Pierre van Hiele to tell the stories of different cultures and study isometry principles. (ASK).
• African Americans Who Made a Difference. 15 Plays for the Classroom
  These easy-to-read classroom plays are about 15 African American men and women in a variety of vocations. The plays are designed to enhance the curriculum and to make social studies come alive for the student as they bolster language-arts teaching.
• Growing Partnerships for Rural Special Education. Conference Proceedings (San Diego, California, March 29-31, 2001).
  The 2001 conference proceedings of the American Council on Rural Special Education (ACRES) contains 62 papers and summaries of presentations concerned with issues in rural special education.
• "Critical Perspectives on Project Head Start: Revisioning the Hope and Challenge," edited by Jeanne Ellsworth and Lynda Ames. Book Review
  Describes Ellsworth and Ames' edited book as an eclectic collection including historical, ethnographic, autobiographical, empirical, and self-reflective texts. Maintains that although the book is an important contribution to the literature by placing current practices into historical and social context, thereby leading to a more critical view of the revered program, the work omits an economic view.
• Literary Collections (Children's Books)
  Presents brief annotations of 43 children's books first published in countries other the United States and Canada or in languages other than English. Presents them in three groups: British children's books; books first published in countries other the United States and translated into English; and books that are completely or partially bilingual.
• Culturally sensitive instructional practices for African-American learners with disabilities
  This article discusses the cultural and educational needs of African-American learners with disabilities. Six theoretical assumptions establish some basic suppositions about culturally and linguistically diverse learners and effective instructional practices.
• Metropolitan Board of Public Education v. Guest
  Parents of a first-grader with autism challenged the district's proposal to change his placement from a regular kindergarten with supplementary aids and services to a special education classroom for two-thirds of the school day.
• Behavior-setting interactions of autistic children: A behavioral mapping approach to assessing classroom behaviors.
  
• Hartmann v. Loudoun County Board of Education
  Loudoun County contends that the Hartmanns do not present a valid case or controversy because Mark is currently in an educational placement which the Hartmanns find appropriate. Under the unusual circumstances of this case, this conclusion is not correct.
• National TEEM Outreach: Transition into the Elementary Education Mainstream. Final Report
  This final report describes activities of a 3-year federally supported program designed to enable school systems to establish and implement systematic transition planning to meet the multicultural needs of preschool-aged children with disabilities and their families moving into kindergarten and other general education settings.
• Giving Thanks: Observing Thanksgiving, Kwanzaa, and Day of the Dead
  Describes a primary-grade curriculum unit organized around the theme of "giving thanks" and encompassing the holidays of Thanksgiving, Kwanzaa, and Day of the Dead. Provides historical background and cultural context for each holiday, engagement activities, investigation activities, sharing activities, and a short list of related children's literature.
• Annual Needs Assessment, 1998: Region V Head Start-Child Care Partnerships & Training and Technical Assistance Needs in the Area of Disabilities
  The Great Lakes Quality Improvement Center for Disabilities (Region V QIC-D or GLQIC-D) serves Head Start Programs in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin, and conducts an annual needs assessment of the Head Start Disability Services Coordinators.
• Escape as a factor in the aggressive behavior of two retarded children.
  This study sought to identify some of the variables controlling the severely aggressive behavior of two retarded children. The results suggested that: (1) aggression can sometimes function as an escape response; and (2) escape-motivated aggression can be controlled by: (a) introducing strongly preferred reinforcers to attenuate the aversiveness of the demand situation; (b) strengthening an alternative, nonaggressive escape response; or (c) using an escape-extinction procedure.
• Background Knowledge, Linguistic Complexity, and Second-Language Reading Comprehension
  Examines the role of cultural background knowledge on the reading comprehension of third graders acquiring literacy in Dutch as a first and second language while reading noncontrived texts from the reading curricula. Finds a facilitating effect of cultural familiarity for both reading comprehension and reading efficiency.
• The Language and Literacy Spectrum, 1996. A Journal of the New York State Reading Association
  Sharing concerns and interests of New York State educators in the improvement of literacy, this annual journal raises educational issues such as current thoughts about literacy instruction, educators' roles, literacy in its many forms, college-community literacy partnerships, and recommended reading materials.
• Exploring the Game of "Julirde": A Mathematical-Educational Game Played by Fulbe Children in Cameroon
  Presents an educational mathematical activity from Africa. Shows how one child explored the game of Julirde, a game of the mosque emphasizing problem solving and symmetry.
• Celebrating Linguistic Diversity (Talking about Books)
  Offers brief annotations of 45 illustrated children's books that offer a vision of a linguistically rich world where language difference is a resource, not an obstacle. Groups the books in the following categories: codeswitching as authentic language; dual language texts; language and cultural traditions; alternate forms of communication; and personal and community voices.
• Culturally Sensitive Parent Education: A Critical Review of Quantitative Research
  The article discusses ”issues of research methodology and program efficacy in producing change among ethnic-minority parents and their children. Culturally sensitive programs for African American and Hispanic families are described in detail.
• Rethinking the Role of Multicultural Literature in Literacy Instruction: Problems, Paradox, and Possibilities
  Uses a cultural studies framework to demonstrate how multicultural literature is often trivialized and misused in literature-based classrooms. Critiques actual literature discussions and examines the content of several Asian American children's books to move toward a more complete understanding of critical literacy pedagogy and what it means to "read" in a pluralistic society.
• Toward a Literature of Difference
  Contributes the first steps in the establishment of literary standards produced from readings of children's texts that are culturally different in form and context. Discusses instances in which the role of the literary critic comes into conflict with the responsibilities of the multicultural educator.
• Historical Facts and Fictions: Representing and Reading Diverse Perspectives on the Past
  Presents brief descriptions of 22 recently published books for children and adolescents that present untold stories that begin to fill in the gaps of mainstream versions of the past. Includes categories of historical fiction, historical nonfiction, biography/memoir, and poetry and verse.
• Challenges and Opportunities for Family and Consumer Sciences Professionals in the New America
  Demographic shifts in the U.S. population are a continuing trend.
• Special education for the mildly retarded: Is much of it justifiable?
  
• Setting effects on the occurrence of autistic children's immediate echolalia
  
• Interpersonal antecedents of self-injurious behavior in retarded children
  
• Life As We Know It: A Father, a Family, and an Exceptional Child
  When James Berube was born in 1991 his parents knew little about Down syndrome other than that it would render their child ”disabled.” As they sought to understand exactly what this would mean, they learned not only about the current medical and social treatment of developmental disabilities, but also about the history of how society has understood-and failed to understand-children like James. (From front cover of book).
• The silenced dialogue: Power and pedagogy in educating other people's children.
  
• Books Can Spark Multicultural Awareness
  Asserts that children are naturally curious about differences around them, and it is important to introduce children early to multicultural awareness. Provides a book list and some tips for using literature as a tool to teach children about differences, similarities, acceptance, and the benefits of living in a varied society.
• Peace Education and the Lives of Kuwaiti Children
  Summarizes the impact of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on Kuwaiti children and addresses the need for discussion of peace building and world awareness in children's classrooms. E.
• CEC launches initiative on special education teaching conditions
  
• Siblings as Mediators of Literacy in Linguistic Minority Communities
  This paper argues for the need to move beyond the paradigm of parental involvement in reading, which presently informs home/school reading programs for linguistic minority children in the United Kingdom (UK). The first part of the paper examines the literature informing the current model showing the marked absence of studies on the role played by siblings as mediators of literacy in a new linguistic and cultural environment.
• Families 5
  This is an xml file with 69 references.
• Multicultural Counseling Competencies as Tools to Address Oppression and Racism
  The background, rationale, and framework of the multicultural competencies documents are discussed. Central concepts include development of awareness of personal assumptions, values, and biases; understanding the worldview of the culturally different client; and developing appropriate intervention strategies and techniques.
• Listening to Their Voices Connect Literary and Cultural Understandings: Responses to Small Group Read-Alouds of "Malcolm X: A Fire Burning Brightly."
  Explores the kinds of literary understandings that become evident in African American second graders' unprompted oral and physical responses to "Malcolm X" and the cultural resources that children draw as they demonstrate these literary understandings. Concludes that discussion of multicultural literature can prompt the construction of complex literary understandings.
• Changing middle schools: how to make schools work for young adolescents
  This book tells the stories of four urban middle schools that have undergone deep transformation while participating in the Middle Grades Improvement Program (MGIP), an initiative that has nurtured fundamental change in school climate, structure and classroom practice in 16 urban districts and 65 schools in Indiana. .
• Poolaw v. Bishop
  In the first case, the Court rejected the parents' suggestions of inadequate supplementary aids and services for their child with a severe hearing impairment. As a result, the student could be placed in a school specializing in educating stud ents with hearing impairments.
• A Critical Review of Ann Rinaldi's "My Heart Is on the Ground": The Diary of Nannie Little Rose, a Sioux Girl
  This collaborative review finds much to criticize in this fictional portrayal of the experiences of a young girl at the Carlisle Indian School, including a lack of clarity about the fictional nature of the story. Stereotyping and historical inaccuracies make this book add to the great body of misinformation about Native-American life in the United States and Canada.
• Validity of an Observation Screening Instrument in a Multicultural Population
  This study found that the Davis Observation Checklist for Texas, an observational teacher checklist for screening preschool children for communication disorders, demonstrated adequate sensitivity and specificity. The concurrent validity of the checklist was assessed with 59 multicultural children (ages 4 through 5), including Mexican Americans, African Americans, and Anglos.
• Families 4
  This is an xml file with 79 references.
• Where in the Oregon Trail Is Carmen Sandiego? A Commentary on Software and Its Sensitivity to Diversity
  Addresses cultural biases, language biases, cultural sensitivity, and the authenticity of educational software for children, critiquing several popular educational programs and revealing the pitfalls of software design and the problem among software engineers (lack of training and lack of cultural knowledge). Proposes tips to help parents and educators choose culturally relevant, appropriate educational software packages for their children.
• Transition Planning and Programming: Empowerment through Partnership. Sharing Ideas
  This paper addresses transition for deaf and hard of hearing youth as a longitudinal and developmental progression of experiences that lead to economic self-sufficiency; self-determination in personal, educational, vocational, social, and leisure pursuits; and participation in community life.
• Ecological Education: A System Rooted in Diversity
  Argues that educating children is a means of planting the seeds of learning. Compares intelligence, its development, and diversity to characteristics and processes in the natural environment.
• Culture and Educational Policy in Hawai'i: The Silencing of Native Voices. Sociocultural, Political, and Historical Studies in Education
  This book provides a critical assessment of Native Hawaiian education. It focuses on the historical, political, and cultural contexts producing institutionalized structures that kept Hawaiians marginalized in the schools and wider society.
• Developing self-regulated learners.
  
• Violent and nonviolent children's and parents' reasoning about family and peer violence
  A study examined the moral reasoning patterns of violent children with emotional and behavioral disorders (E/BD) and their aggressive parents. Interviews were conducted with 17 boys enrolled in a highly restrictive special education day treatment program designed for violent children with E/BD and their 18 care providers and a matched control group of 16 children and their care providers from a nonclinical population.
• Resource Guide for Family-Centered Child Care. Families Matter
  For child care to become more supportive of families, programs and providers need to learn about the guiding principles of working with families and the concrete steps they can take in that direction. This resource guide offers ideas and resources for implementing family support principles in child care.
• Getting to scale with good educational practices
  "School organization and incentive structures help thwart large-scale adoption of innovative educational practices. Evidence from the progressive movement and past curriculum reform efforts suggest that wide-scale reforms are ineffective under current conditions.
• Children with Communication Disorders: Update 2001. ERIC Digest
  This digest discusses various types of communication disorders, their incidence, the learning difficulties associated with them, the special case of English language learners, and the educational significance of communication disorders. Communication disorders may result from many different conditions such as oral-motor difficulties or language-based learning disabilities.
• Resolution on disproportionate representation
  
• Deriving Multicultural Themes from Bibliotherapeutic Literature: A Neglected Resource
  Analyzes the content of 24 fictional bibliotherapeutic children's books (12 German and 12 U.S.) for divorce themes. G.
• Home-School Liaison. Learning To Live in a Multi-Cultural Society. Final Report of a Series of Workshops Sponsored by the European Commission in 1994. Corp Author(s): National Inst. of Adult Continuing Education, Leicester (England). ; German Adult Education Association, Bonn (Germany). Inst. for International Cooperation
  This report addresses the interface between school and home and how this relationship needs to be addressed sensitively and effectively.
• Home Was a Horse Stall
  This story of the internment of a Japanese American family during World War II is 1 of 14 stories of intolerance in America in "Us and Them," the text component of a "Teaching Tolerance" curriculum kit, "The Shadow of Hate." The kit includes a video, teacher's guide, and lesson plans. (SLD).
• The Process of Dropping Out of High School: A 19-year Perspective
  "In this study, nested latent-variable causal models were contrasted to compare the direct and indirect relationships of distal family and child and proximal adolescent factors to dropping out of high school. The sample included 194 Euro-American conventional and nonconventional families in a 19-year longitudinal study.
• Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (81st, Baltimore, Maryland, August 5-8, 1998). Commission on the Status of Women.
  The Commission on the Status of Women section of the Proceedings contains 12 papers on females,feminism,health,journalism and sexrole.
• Cause or Effect? A Longitudinal Study of Immigrant Latino Parents' Aspirations and Expectations, and Their Children's School Performance
  How much formal schooling for their children do immigrant Latino parents aspire to and expect? Do parents' aspirations or expectations influence children's school achievement? Do aspirations or expectations diminish the longer parents are in the U.S. or if they experience discrimination? Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we address these questions in a longitudinal study (kindergarten to sixth grade) of 81 Latino children and their immigrant parents.
• Early Childhood Special Education for Children with Disabilities, Ages Three through Five: An Introduction. Revised
  This introduction to a reference guide for early childhood special education personnel in North Dakota discusses the purpose of the guidelines, the North Dakota philosophy on the importance of early intervention programs, and quality indicators of early intervention programs.
• Language Shift in a Singapore Family
  Discusses the major language shift in Singapore from the familial use of varieties of Chinese other than Mandarin towards the languages of education, English and Mandarin. An ethnographic study is presented of a Singaporean Chinese family that has moved from Cantonese to English, and the underlying pressures leading to this shift are examined.
• Innovative Programs To Insure Diversity in Public Education
  At Armstrong Atlantic State University a number of programs have been developed in collaboration with the University System of Georgia and the Savannah-Chatham County Public School District to increase cultural diversity in the classroom and to focus on creating a diverse population of successful learners that mirrors the cultural diversity of the community.
• Oberti by Oberti v. Board of Education of Borough of Clementon School District
  The school district bears the burden of proving compliance with LRE regardless of which party brought the claim. The reason for imposing the burden of proof on the school system was explained by the Court: "the Act's strong presumption in favor of mainstreaming ..