NCCRESt

part of the Education Reform Networks

Multicultural Educational Policies

• "Redefining Multicultural Education" by Ratna Ghosh. Book Review
  Discusses multicultural education policy in Canada in terms of a proposed redefinition toward a framework involving revision of the norm to include all groups of students. Argues that although the vision of multicultural education presented in Ghosh's book provides valuable suggestions of what multicultural education in Canada should be like, the suggested policy widens multiculturalism's scope beyond useful application.(JPB).
• 25 Years of Multiculturalism--Past, Present and Future, Part II. Focus on Human Rights
  Evaluates the effect of multicultural education on racism in Canada. Maintains that racism is still an integral part of Canadian life and, in some instances, appears to be on the rise.
• 25 Years of Multiculturalism--Past, Present, and Future, Part 1
  Reviews the implementation and early successes and failures of multicultural education in Canada. Although multicultural education was officially adopted as an educational policy in 1971, it has been reworked and revamped as problems and challenges have arisen.
• A Continuing Education Program on Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
  This manual and accompanying videotape are used as a continuing education program to enhance the skills of special and general educators in serving children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The video can also be used alone to provide a general overview of issues related to children with attention deficit disorder.
• A Critical Review of Ann Rinaldi's "My Heart Is on the Ground: The Diary of Nannie Little Rose, A Sioux Girl, Carlisle Indian School, Pennsylvania, 1880."
  This paper critically reviews the book, "My Heart Is On the Ground: The Diary of Nannie Little Rose, a Sioux Girl, Carlisle Indian School, 1800." The review begins with a profile of Captain Richard Henry Pratt who founded the Carlisle (Pennsylvania) Indian Industrial School in 1879.
• A Deans' Grant Initiative for the Twenty-First Century?
  This article poses three scenarios for national personnel preparation initiatives that would parallel the structure of the former Deans' Grants: a national initiative on the intersection of disability and diversity, a national initiative on school-university partnerships and disability, and a national initiative on service learning and disability. (Contains one reference.) (Author/CR).
• A Historical Perspective on Title VII Bilingual Education Projects in Hawai'i: Compendium of Promising Practices
  This paper reviews the history of Title VII bilingual education in Hawaii for the purpose of sharing promising practices that have emerged.
• A Review of Research on the Kentucky Education Reform Act 1995 (KERA).
  This review of research identifies, reviews, and summarizes studies that address the implementation of the Kentucky Education Reform Act of 1990 (KERA) and that focus on the effects of the reforms on students, teachers, and other stakeholders. Introductory summary overviews are included in the areas of finance, governance, and curriculum, and on three areas that are receiving much current attention: assessment and accountability, the primary program, and the need for professional development.
• Addressing Diversity in Special Education Research. ERIC/OSEP Digest
  This digest reviews scientific and methodological problems in special education research related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
• African Languages at the K-12 Level. ERIC Digest
  The teaching of African languages in the United States at the elementary and secondary levels is rare, but a number of schools offer one or more of the major African languages for instruction. This digest looks at the current state of African language instruction in the United States at the elementary and secondary levels and is divided into the following sections: Heritage language; legislation promoting language instruction; teacher qualifications; professional organizations; and resources.
• Agriculture and Education, Planting the Seeds of Opportunity. USDA Adopt-a-School Program Guide.
  This guide explains how U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) agencies can join the 20 other USDA agencies that have implemented 18 adopt-a-school partnerships throughout the country.
• American Higher Education in the Twenty-First Century: Social, Political and Economic Challenges
  This book presents 17 papers on higher education, organized into four parts, which address the higher education setting, external forces, the academic community, and central issues for the 21st century.
• An Alien among Us: A Diversity Game
  The game described in this booklet is designed to broaden the players' perspectives on human diversity and to help them appreciate and value people of different backgrounds. In the game, players are asked to select the best candidates for an interplanetary mission on the basis of certain characteristics.
• An Alternative Approach for Language Arts and Social Studies Assessment
  This paper explores issues related to alternative assessment approaches in language arts and social studies classrooms. A rationale for a more comprehensive assessment approach within a democratic framework is developed, and ideas for constructing rubrics in language arts and social studies classrooms are presented.
• An Analysis of a School District's Multicultural/Non-Sexist Policy: Implications for Classroom Practices and Pedagogy
  This study investigated the success of the Dubuque Community School District (Iowa) in meeting its policy goal for equity and diversity through related policies and practices for staff development, curriculum development, and site-based school initiatives. A survey instrument was developed and pilot tested in collaboration with teachers, administrators, community members, and college researchers and was correlated to measure the intervention of 32 hours of staff development through workshops in diversity and student achievement.
• An Integrated Language Perspective in the Elementary School: An Action Approach. Third Edition
  This updated third edition is a handbook for teachers to bring the reflective inquiry emphasis of integrated curriculum theory to life in the elementary and middle school classroom. It takes an action approach to implement theory and practice in educating students for a democratic, multicultural society.
• Annotated Bibliography: Research from the Center on Families, Communities, Schools and Children's Learning
  The mission of the Center on Families, Communities, Schools and Children s Learning at Johns Hopkins University is to conduct research evaluations and policy analyses, and to produce and disseminate new knowledge about how families, schools, and communities influence students' motivation, learning, and development. This annotated bibliography compiles and annotates research from the Center.
• Anti-Racist Education Project: A Summary Report on the Extent of Implementation and Changes Found in Wards 11/12 Schools: 1991-92 to 1994-95. No. 223
  This report documents how a family of elementary schools in Wards 11 and 12 of the Toronto Board of Education (Ontario, Canada) have carried out their plans for the antiracist education (ARE) mandated by the school board between 1991-92 and 1994-95. Results, based on a variety of data collection methods, reveal areas of accomplishment and challenges still to be met.
• Asian Americans: From Racial Category to Multiple Identities. Critical Perspectives on Asian Pacific Americans Series
  The experience of Asian Americans as a racial category and as a multiplicity of identities in the United States is examined. Demographically, Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial and ethnic group in the United States.
• Assessing Students' Attitudes and Achievements in a Multicultural and Multilingual Science Classroom
  Takes a qualitative and quantitative look at the curriculum and teaching of a two-way immersion eighth-grade solar energy science classroom and examines its implications for education policy and reform. Results for a class of 25 students indicate that the approach increases the retention rate of Hispanic students.
• Attrition/retention of urban special education teachers: Multi-faceted research and strategic action planning.
  This paper reports on a study investigating the issues that most significantly influence urban special education teachers' decisions to leave the field voluntarily or transfer to a different type of educational position. First, it presents the results of post-attrition interviews with 17 special educators who left their positions during or immediately following the 1991-92 school year and then reports results of a survey of 868 special educators in three urban areas.
• Becoming Political: Comparative Perspectives on Citizenship Education. SUNY Series: Theory, Research, and Practice in Social Education
  This study examines diversity in citizenship education within a set of boundaries where the ideals of citizenship, democracy, and education were somewhat similar. The five nations expected to be quite similar were the United States, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark.
• Beth B. v. Van Clay
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• Beyond Enhancement: The Kennedy Center's Commitment to Education
  Asserts that exposure to high-quality arts performances with accompanying educational experiences enlivens teaching and learning. Maintains that few schools have taken advantage of opportunities provided by arts-presenting institutions.
• Bibliography of Race Equity/Multicultural Library Materials. 1996 Spring/Summer Edition.
  This annotated bibliography includes all of the race equity and multicultural materials available from the Nebraska Department of Education's Equal Educational Opportunity Project. A table listing works by author's last name provides quick access to the topic and grade level.
• Bilingual Education Policy and Practice in the Andes: Ideological Paradox and Intercultural Possibility
  Discusses bilingual education policy and reform in the context of indigenous languages of Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia, exploring the ideological paradox inherent in transforming a standardizing education into a diversifying one and in constructing a multilingual, multicultural national identity. Data come from policy documents and practitioner narratives.
• Bilingualism and Multiculturalism Go to Early Childhood Programs
  This presentation on the preparation of early childhood teachers addresses implication of multiculturalism and bilingual education in early childhood programs. The purpose of the presentation was threefold: (1) to increase understanding of bilingualism and multiculturalism; (2) to compare and contrast bilingualism and multiculturalism; and (3) to explore implications for the preparation of teachers and the development of strong early childhood programs.
• Borders and Identity: A Resource Guide for Teachers = Identidad y Fronteras: Una Guia para Maestros
  The materials in this resource guide include a four-part video, a poster-size cultural map with additional exercises, and the five sections of this guide. The unit, presented in English and Spanish, intends to introduce students to the peoples and cultures of the U.S.-Mexico border, to explore the concept of borders in their own communities, to use ethnographic investigation methods, and to foster critical thought through the use of oral interviews and other primary source materials.
• Breaking the Silence (Teaching and Learning about Cultural Diversity)
  Discusses the policy of silence (and its complex reasons) that often rules when it comes to teaching and learning about race, religion, ethnicity, and sexuality. Discusses briefly five books and articles that deal with breaking this silence, and offers observations about effective multiculturalism in the classroom.
• Brown v. Board of Education: The Challenge for Today's Schools
  The 1954 Supreme Court decision in the case of "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas" provided the legal basis for equal educational opportunity.
• Building Bridges: A Peace Corps Classroom Guide to Cross-Cultural Understanding.
  Understanding the concept of culture helps people live with others of different backgrounds within the classroom, the local community, and the worldwide scale of political, social, and economic interaction. The lessons presented in this book help students begin to more fully understand their own culture and how it has shaped them; to understand the perspectives of other cultures; and to provide an increased awareness of the value and practicality of social service within and beyond the bounds of schools.
• Building on Existing Strengths To Increase Family Literacy. ERIC Digest Number 145
  This digest focuses on strategies for reaching families and increasing family literacy that reflect the strengths families already have. The Federal Even Start Family Literacy Program, authorized in 1988, is the catalyst for much of the family literacy activity nationally.
• Capistrano Unified School District v. Wartenberg By and Through Wartenberg
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• Carter v. Florence County School District No. 4
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• CCCC's Role in the Struggle for Language Rights
  Recounts the activist history of the Conference on College Composition and Communication in working toward a more democratic valuing of language diversity by both teachers and the public. Focuses on two organizational policies of CCCC, the "Students' Right" resolution of 1974 and the "National Language Policy" of 1988, incorporating articles and commentaries on language from this journal.
• Celebrating Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Head Start
  Noting that the dramatic demographic changes in the United States in the last 30 years require that Head Start programs learn how to access new populations, encourage their participation, and tailor programs to meet their unique needs, this study was commissioned to better understand the diversity in language and culture of the Head Start population.
• Challenges Confronting the Diversity Professor in Training Corporate America: A Matter of Theoretical or Practical Perspectives
  Diversity professionals who specialize in multiculturalism and organizational communication will embrace theories that yield a "managing diversity" approach to achieving organizational diversity. They know that the organization's culture holds the keys to the long-term success of diversity efforts.
• Changing What Is Taught: Hearing the Voices of the Underrepresented
  In 1991, policy makers at Florida State University made the decision to require all students to take multicultural courses to fulfill general education requirements. This article provides insights into the challenges that institutional policy makers face as they seek to change the curriculum to include the voices of those previously underrepresented.
• Christopher M. v. Corpus Christi Independent School District
  The school district proposed limiting the school day of a student with profound mental retardation and physical disabilities to four hours, presumably due to physical distress resulting from prolonged sensory stimulation. While access to special education is determined without analysis of the student's ability to benefit from special education the content of the student's IEP is not.
• Citizenship Education and Diversity
  The goals of citizenship education can conflict with values of cultural pluralism. The Canadian government's policy is one of official neutrality and tolerance with respect to cultural differences.
• Combating Racism and Hate in Canada Today: Lessons of the Holocaust
  Maintains that the Holocaust was the catalyst for Canadian antihate legislation. Maintains that, to combat racism and bigotry, it is necessary to use three important tools: (1) the law; (2) community action; and (3) education.
• Coming of Age in Singapore
  Despite touted "best" scores, Singapore's education ministry goals are child-centered. A worldwide survey of 182 experts reached consensus on 20 global trends, including need for a multinational curriculum.
• Communicating Appropriately with Asian and Pacific Islander Audiences. Technical Assistance Bulletin
  Developing culturally appropriate prevention messages and materials for Asian and Pacific Islander audiences is challenging. It is important to recognize and respect their geographic, ethnic, racial, cultural, economic, social, and linguistic diversity.
• Communities and Regions in Germany, Social Studies Grades 3-4. Update 2002
  This instructional package is targeted at students in grades 3 and 4 and describes about geography instructions for elementary schools.
• Community Organizing for School Reform, Washington, DC: A Recovering Plantation
  Because the District of Columbia (DC) is a federal district, its governance is peculiar. Poor management, internal strife, unstable leadership, low student achievement, shrinking enrollment, and declining community confidence have plagued the DC public school system.
• Community Update, 2000.
  This document consists of ten issues (covering January through December 2000) of the Newsletter, "Community Update," containing articles on community and family involvement in education.
• Comparative and International Education: A Bibliography (1999)
  Bibliography of comparative and international education lists 937 journal articles published 1998-99. Categories are adult education; comparative studies; curriculum and instruction; educational planning, policy, and reform; ethnicity, race, and class; gender; higher education; indigenous and minority education; multicultural education; methodology and theory; primary education; secondary education; special education; study abroad; teacher education; technology; and various geographic regions.
• Comparative and International Education: A Bibliography (2000)
  Comparative Education Review's bibliography for 2000 contains 1,232 articles from 181 journals. Categories include adult, rural, and vocational education; world regions; comparative education; curriculum and instruction; educational planning and development; ethnicity, race, and class; gender; higher education; indigenous education; bilingual and multicultural education; methodology and theory; minority education; policy analysis; primary education; secondary education; special education; teacher education; and technology.
• Continuity and Reform: A New Discourse for Discussion of Change in Schools
  Reforms are a series of beginnings and endings to disconnected events in discussions of school change. However, changes in education are interrelated and can be more effective when viewed accordingly.
• Controlling Curriculum Knowledge: Multicultural Politics and Policymaking
  Utilizes New York state's development and attempted implementation of multicultural education as a case study providing a concise yet thorough examination of the principles, objectives, and controversies surrounding this issue. Delineates the people and organizations involved in grass roots organizing and media representation on both sides of the issue.
• Creating the will; Hispanics achieving educational excellence: A report to the President of the United States, the Secretary of Education and the nation
  This report provides data on the current educational condition of Hispanics from early childhood through graduate and professional education. It also offers strategies for multiple sectors, parents, schools, communities, the private sector, and the government, to improve Hispanic educational achievement.
• Creating the will; Hispanics achieving eductional excellence: A report to the President of the United States, the Secretary of Education and the nation
  This report provides data on the current educational condition of Hispanics from early childhood through graduate and professional education. It also offers strategies for multiple sectors, parents, schools, communities, the private sector, and the government, to improve Hispanic educational achievement.
• Critical Issue Bibliography (CRIB) Sheet: Lessons from the Field.
  The Critical Issue Bibliography (CRIB) Sheet describes resources that highlight institutional practices that have been instrumental in the creation of multicultural campus environments. These lessons from the field of multicultural education can help other institutions in developing and implementing policy.
• Critical Pedagogy in Deaf Education: Teachers' Reflections on Implementing ASL/English Bilingual Methodology and Language Assessment for Deaf Learners. Year 4 Report (2000-2001). USDLC Star Schools Project Report
  The Star School staff of the Engaged Learners project at the New Mexico School for the Deaf in Santa Fe has completed its fourth year of a 5-year federally-funded program. This project aims to improve language-teaching practices of teachers who work with learners who are deaf by providing training in current bilingual theories and pedagogical techniques, including Engaged Learning practices, through a convergence of Internet, Web, and distance learning technologies.
• Crossing Boundaries: Multi-National Action Research on Family-School Collaboration. Report No. 33
  This report details studies by eight researchers from five countries--Australia, Chile, the Czech Republic, Portugal, and Spain--that examine boundary-crossing issues between teachers and parents, between policies and school reality, between cultures, and between research and practice.
• Cultural Diversity and Social Skills Instruction: Understanding Ethnic and Gender Differences
  This book affirms that the behaviors of young people from culturally diverse populations need to be viewed from a cultural perspective, and that instruction should affirm students and empower them to achieve maximally as well as to benefit others. A theme that underlies the entire book is the advocacy of direct instruction in social skills, followed by opportunities for practice and conditions for maintenance.
• Cultural Diversity Programs to Prepare for Work Force 2000: What's Gone Wrong?
  Diversity training in organizations is too often driven by federal mandates, has a low priority, and faces backlash and employee fears. Many employers have not integrated diversity initiatives into long-range plans or missions.
• Cultural Pluralism: Implications for Educational Practices and Comprehensive School Reform
  To circumvent isolationism, ethnocentrism, and intolerance experienced by culturally diverse students and their parents in U.S. schools, education policies must be effectively documented with methodological endorsement of multicultural education as policy for all students to be personally meaningful, socially relevant, culturally accurate, and educationally sound.
• Cultural Proficiency: A Manual for School Leaders
  Developed for work in mental health agencies, cultural proficiency is a relatively new approach to diversity that can be applied in educational and community settings. Cultural proficiency refers to the policies and practices of a school or the behaviors of a person that enable the school or person to interact effectively in a culturally diverse environment.
• Cultural Reflections: Work, Politics, and Daily Life in Germany, Social Studies. Grades 9-12. Update 1997/1998
  This packet contains three lessons designed for the high school classroom. Lessons include: (1) "The German Worker"; (2) "Government in Germany"; and (3) "Culture and Daily Life in Germany." Student activities focus on comparative economic systems, worker training and apprenticeship programs, structure of government with case studies of the health care system and the federal budget, the role of the press in Germany, and leisure activities.
• Culturally Responsive Teaching for American Indian Learners
  Teachers in a multicultural society need to respect cultural differences, know the cultural resources their students bring to class, and be skilled at tapping into learners' cultural resources in the teaching-learning process. They must believe that all students are capable of learning, and they must implement an enriched curriculum for all students.
• Daniel R.R. v. State Board of Education
  When a parent is examining the educational opportunities available for his handicapped child, he may be expected to focus primarily on his own child's best interest. Likewise, when state and local officials are examining the alternatives for educating a handicapped child, the child's needs are a principle concern.
• Democracy and Difference
  Argues that, with the increasing diversity of the U.S. population, education needs to respond by figuring out a meaningful way to embrace values of civic unity and cultural diversity at the same time.
• Developing an Inclusive Approach to Preschool Education: A Discussion of Issues and Strategies, with Implications Focussing on Quebec
  Examines cultural conditions necessary for children's development in day care settings, using Bronfenbrenner's Ecology of Human Development. Considers the parental role in this context; also the relationship between educators and parents, with a view to creating culturally appropriate conditions for the developing child.
• Developing Culturally Consonant Curriculum Using the Technology of the New Millennium
  This paper explains how educational technology and multimedia materials can enhance teaching and learning for today's diverse students. The United States still carries the Puritan influence in education (attempting to build a single culture), with little recognition of the need to address diversity in California's K-12 classrooms.
• Directory of TRIO Programs, 2000-2001.
  The institutions and agencies in this directory sponsor federally funded TRIO programs that enable students from low-income families to enter college and graduate. The TRIO programs (originally only a "trio" of programs) include Talent Search, Student Support Services, Upward Bound, Upward Bound Math and Science, Veterans Upward Bound, Educational Opportunity Centers, and the Ronald E.
• Diversity in Practice: Perspectives on Concept, Context, and Policy
  Diversity is an idea that merits closer critical analysis. Many efforts to support diversity are framed by discourses grounded in conceptualizations of culture, difference, and identity that further the status quo, not multicultural understanding.
• Dramatized Experience, Civil Discourse, Sensitive Issues
  Describes the author's experience when the director and teacher-trainers of a writing program persuaded him that the oral interpretation he wished them to perform was too troubling and explosive to use. Outlines his questions and anguish about the incident, and the urgency of dealing with the dilemmas of multiculturalism, racial intolerance, and the teaching of writing.
• Dreams of Woken Souls: The Relationship between Culture and Curriculum
  This paper examines the relationship between culture and curriculum, combining academic discourse relating to the construction of identity, policy, and curriculum and conversations with 42 members of a New Zealand intermediate school community about the nature of culture.
• Educating a New Majority: Transforming America's Educational System for Diversity
  This book presents 20 papers on the current status and future needs of disadvantaged minority students in the elementary, secondary, and higher education systems. Papers are grouped into four sections: current challenges to minority education; restructuring schools to foster minority student success; reforming higher education; and leadership imperatives.
• Educating One and All: Students with Disabilities and Standards-Based Reform
  In this report, the Committee on Goals 2000 and the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities reports on a systematic comparison of the policies and practices related to standards-based reform and special education. This report assesses the extent to which the goals of common standards and individualized education can be reconciled.
• Education for Sustainability: An Agenda for Action.
  Understanding the principles of sustainability and the interdependence of the environment, the economy, and social systems can help individuals learn to make the changes necessary to become effective stewards of natural resources and the environment. This document describes three broad policy recommendations as to how Americans can build concepts of sustainability into educational programs, and 12 strategic action plans for implementing those recommendations.
• Education in Multi-Ethnic Societies of Central and Eastern Europe. A Skills Exchange Workshop (Bulgaria, November 7-10, 1997). Workshop Report. Corp Author(s): Minority Rights Group, London (England)
  To address problems in public education for majority and minority ethnic groups in Central and Eastern Europe, Minority Rights Group International and the Inter Ethnic Initiative for Human Rights Foundation organized a skills exchange workshop in Sofia, Bulgaria in November 1997.
• Education Issues in Rural Schools of America
  To have an impact on rural schools and communities, education researchers and reformers must stop approaching rural issues from an urban perspective, adopt a perspective that values rurality, and address issues specific to the rural context. Rural schools have contributed to the depletion of rural communities by focusing on individual mobility and prosperity rather than the public good.
• Educational Reform, Students of Color, and Potential Outcomes
  Based on middle-class, white values and assumptions, school restructuring proposed in "first wave reform" will increase inequity and stratification and hamper social mobility for minorities. School choice, outcomes-based education, and secondary track systems are critiqued.
• Educational renewal: Better teachers, better schools
  This book provides the vision and rationale for "centers of pedagogy" that can bring schools and universities together in a close, renewing relationship. It proposes a redesign of education that is grounded in a mission of enculturating students in a social and political democracy.
• Embracing Race: Why We Need Race-Conscious Education Policy
  This book examines unsolved issues of race and education, emphasizing four major race-conscious education policies: bilingual education, multicultural curricula, affirmative action, and remedial education. It suggests that such policies are critical to fostering self-determination and personal autonomy in students who would otherwise receive a deficient education.
• Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education
  This encyclopedia is designed to promote bilingualism in a comprehensive and comprehensive manner and to be academically sound while remaining accessible to as wide an audience as possible. Each topic is presented in a clear, understandable style.
• Engaging Black Learners in Adult and Community Education. NIACE Lifelines in Adult Learning
  This guide explains how adult and community education (ACE) providers across Great Britain can engage black learners in ACE by making their learning programs relevant, challenging, and appropriate to adult learners from black and minority groups.
• Excelencia Para Todos--Excellence for All: The Progress of Hispanic Education and the Challenges of the New Century. Remarks as Prepared for Delivery by U.S. Secretary of Education, Richard W. Riley (Bell Multicultural High School, Washington, DC, March 15, 2000)
  The main theme of Richard W. Riley's speech is the importance of quality education to America's Latino community.
• Exploring African and Latin American Relationships: Enhancing Cooperation and Eliminating Barriers. Annual Adult Education Research Symposium Proceedings (6th, Chicago, Illinois, April 13, 1996). Revised Edition
  This document contains 14 papers presented at an annual symposium sponsored by Northern Illinois University's Department of Leadership and Educational Policy Studies and College of Education. First, information about the symposium's history and participants is presented.
• Faculty Commitment and Engagement in Organizational Reform. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper
  A quantitative research design was employed to investigate how faculty members become engaged and remain committed to organizational reform. Data collection included interviews with 17 faculty members at California State University in Monterey Bay during the academic year 1995-96, as well as several site visits.
• Foundations of Education, Volume I: History and Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments. Second Edition
  This text, one of two volumes on the instruction of students with visual impairments, focuses on the history and theory of teaching such students.
• From Co-Cultures to Community: Diversity at Miami-Dade Community College
  Presents findings from extensive interviews with faculty, administrators, and staff describing how Miami-Dade Community College serves its multiracial and multicultural district through curriculum design, professional development, and hiring policies. Argues that diversity is a characteristic of quality education.
• From Metaphoric Landscapes to Social Reform: A Case for Holistic Curricula
  Discusses two related dilemmas: (1) the tension between the Western view of historical progress and the realities of modern society; and (2) the tension between old and new approaches to teaching and learning about the arts. Argues that the end result of implementing the Goals 2000 program might diminish the teaching of the arts as discrete subjects.
• From Policy to Action: Parkland College's Implementation of North Central's Statement on Access, Equity, and Diversity
  Describes the measures taken by Parkland College to implement North Central's Statement on Access, Equity, and Diversity. Results include the creation of the Center for Multicultural Education, community-based diversity education, and organization of a statewide conference about gender-balanced, multicultural education.
• From Rhetoric to Reality: Opportunity-to-Learn Standards and the Integrity of American Public School Reform
  Focusing on national policy and practice, this paper suggests key recommendations for consideration in the context of standards-based reform, including: produce teachers who are multiculturally literate; re-assess ability grouping and tracking practices; reduce K-3 class size and elementary and secondary school size; expand and improve federal compensatory education programs; and incorporate school reform into broader social reform. (SM).
• Gathering Strength: Canada's Aboriginal Action Plan. A Progress Report = Rassembler nos forces: Le plan d'action du Canada pour les questions autochtones. Rapport d'etape.
  Gathering Strength is an integrated government-wide plan to address the key challenges facing Canada's Aboriginal people. Following an initial section on reconciliation of historic grievances, this report describes initiatives in the four areas addressed by the action plan.
• Gender Equity. IDRA Focus.
  This newsletter includes five articles on gender equity and related issues in education, with particular reference to the education of Hispanic girls. "IDRA's MIJA Program Expands" (Aurora Yanez-Perez) describes a program for sixth-grade Hispanic girls that promotes awareness of science- and math-related careers, provides training in science and mathematics skills and test-taking techniques, and fosters involvement of parents and local businesses.
• Government and Politics in Japan. For Students in Grades Nine through Twelve. Instructional Materials about Japan (IMAJ)
  This manual provides suggestions and materials for teaching about Japan. Designed as a supplement to typical textbook treatments, the lessons provide a range of readings, visuals, and activities to enrich and deepen student learning about Japan.
• Government Policy and School Effects: Racism and Social Justice in Policy and Practice
  Criticizes social justice policies of the Labour government in the United Kingdom because they promote formal equality in the schools without working for substantive equity in outcomes of education. Naive multiculturalism is an inadequate policy response to the institutionalized racism that pervades the contemporary education system.
• Hardman, M.L., McDonnell, J., & Welch, M.
  Since its original passage as Public Law 94-142, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) has been the cornerstone of practice in special education. This federal law has enabled all eligible students with disabilities to access a free and appropriate public education.
• Hartmann v. Loudoun County Board of Education
  Loudoun County contends that the Hartmanns do not present a valid case or controversy because Mark is currently in an educational placement which the Hartmanns find appropriate. Under the unusual circumstances of this case, this conclusion is not correct.
• Hispanic Preschool Education: An Important Opportunity. ERIC/CUE Digest, Number 113
  Hispanic parents have been slow to overcome their historical reluctance to turn their young children over to nonfamily members for care, but the educational boost preschool provides is particularly important for the one-quarter of Hispanic American families who are poor by Federal guidelines.
• Hope for urban education: A study of nine high-performing, high-poverty, urban elementary schools.
  This report tells the stories of nine urban elementary schools that served children of color in poor communities and achieved impressive academic results. All of the schools used federal Title I dollars to create Title I school wide programs.
• Housing on College Campuses: Self-Segregation, Integration, and Other Alternatives. A Communitarian Report
  This report discusses policies that guide housing for students on college and university campuses in matters that concern relations among status groups based on ethnic, religious, racial, and sexual backgrounds and orientations. The issue of self-segregation has emerged as a crucial one to many colleges as enrollment of minorities has increased.
• Immigration and Multiculturalism: Issues in Australian Society and Schools
  Examines the relationship between immigration and multiculturalism in Australian society, beginning with a brief historical background on immigration. Discusses how teaching immigration and multiculturalism is constructed in the curriculum and probes the nature of the current debate over immigration policy and multiculturalism.
• Implementation Strategies for Creating an Environment of Achievement
  Convinced of the educational benefits of campus diversity, Mt. Holyoke College (Massachusetts) developed policies and practices to foster the academic and social skills needed for success in a diverse society.
• Implications and Strategies in Collection Development for Multicultural Education at Tennessee State University
  This document profiles the role of Tennessee State University's Brown-Daniel Library in its collection development activities for a culturally diverse student body. It recommends that a series of goals and objectives be maintained in the selection criteria of library materials for students having diverse backgrounds.
• In Support of Civil Rights: Taking On the Initiative. LEAP (Leadership Education for Asian Pacifics, Inc.) Special Report, Proposition 209, "The California Civil Rights Initiative."
  Proposition 209 is a statewide constitutional amendment initiative in California, which, if passed in November 1996, will eliminate all statewide affirmative action programs. It is argued that, contrary to its title, this amendment is an extreme and unnecessary measure that will actually undermine further advances in civil rights.
• Inclusive Schooling Practices: Pedagogical and Research Foundations: A Synthesis of the Literature that Informs Best Practice About Inclusive Schools
  This monograph summarizes the literature base that informs current understanding of the best approaches to support students with disabilities in inclusive settings.
• Inclusive Societies, Inclusive Schools--The Terms of Debate and Action
  Discusses four concepts addressing racism and British government policy: (1) exclusion as an element in racism; (2) inclusiveness as a basis for research; (3) open and closed minds in public discourse; and (4) inclusive schools and a 10-point agenda of terms of action to be put to the New Labour party. (MAK).
• Infusing Multicultural Education: A Process of Creating Organizational Change at the College Level
  A case study uses the concept of second-order organizational change to conceptualize the nature of change associated with infusing multicultural education within a large college of education. A four-year process is described, in which qualitative changes to the organization's culture occurred.
• Inside City Schools: Investigating Literacy in Multicultural Classrooms. The Practitioner Inquiry Series
  The members of the Multicultural Collaborative for Literacy and Secondary Schools (the M-CLASS Project) wrote chapters in this book. Their essays deal with classroom research on learning, diversity, bias, inequality, and real teaching issues in a culturally responsive framework.
• Insights from the Field: Understanding Geography, Culture, and Service.
  Designed for use with students in grades 6-12, this curriculum guide uses primary source materials from the experience of Peace Corps volunteers in countries, such as the Dominican Republic, to enliven the study of geography, culture, and service. The guide aims to engage students in an inquiry about the world, themselves, and others as they focus on a culture other than their own.
• Integrating the Arts: Renaissance and Reformation in Arts Education
  Asserts that the general educational curriculum tends to be fragmented and compartmentalized and that this situation would be improved by curriculum integration. Argues that an interdisciplinary arts approach would require new teacher attitudes and instructional strategies.
• Intellectual Leadership and the Influence of Early African American Scholars on Multicultural Education
  Examines key aspects of multicultural education and early African American scholarship to broaden, deepen, and refine our understanding of their common roots. Early African American scholars exercised intellectual leadership by challenging the metanarrative, encouraging perspective-taking, and providing an intellectual foundation for questioning the status quo and building a just society.
• International & Intercultural Education. Corp Author(s): Maricopa County Community Coll. District, Phoenix, AZ
  This report relates Maricopa County Community College District's (MCCCD) mission statement for international and intercultural education, and presents the strategic plan for developing this type of education at each of the district's community colleges. The mission statement recognizes that because the globe is a home that all cultures, nations, and people must share, the district should prepare its students for successful participation in a global community.
• Internationalizing the Community College
  Global competency is defined as a continuum of behavior that begins with personal awareness of cultural differences and culminates in a person successfully functioning in another culture or country. The importance of increasing the numbers of community college students who will live, study, or work abroad is stressed.
• Interpreting and Translating in Australia: Current Issues and International Comparisons
  This report describes the role and status of interpreting and translation (I/T) training and services in Australia and examines a number of issues that relate to policy formation and service provision. It first describes the context for I/T service needs in Australia, then outlines the history and structure of the field in that country, including the relationship between I/T and Australian language policy, federal, state, and private provision of I/T services, and establishment of national standards and a national certification system.
• Issues for Citizenship in the Post-14 Curriculum: What Needs To Be Done To Contribute To Raising the Achievement of Ethnic Minority Pupils
  Discusses the new National Curriculum in England in relation to the government's policies aimed at raising academic standards. The new Unified Framework does have the potential to raise the achievement of all students if it is implemented carefully.
• Issues in Educating Students with Disabilities. The LEA Series on Special Education and Disability
  This book is designed to reaffirm the value of special instruction and to provide information on current research and practice which shows productive and successful outcomes. It addresses the definition of disabilities, the assessment of disabilities, instruction, special populations, special education legislation and policy, and integration.
• Japan and Georgia: Economic Partners. For Students in Grade Eight. Instructional Materials about Japan (IMAJ)
  This manual provides suggestions and materials for teaching about Japan. Designed as a supplement to typical textbook treatments, the lessons provide a range of readings, visuals, and activities to enrich and deepen student learning about Japan.
• Japan: Images of a People
  This issue of "Art to Zoo" focuses on Japanese art and is adapted from materials developed by the education department of the Smithsonian Institution's Freer Gallery of Art and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery.
• Japan: The Land and Its People. For Students in Grades Six and Seven. Instructional Materials about Japan (IMAJ)
  This manual provides suggestions and materials for teaching about Japan. Designed as a supplement to typical textbook treatments, the lessons provide a range of readings, visuals, and activities to enrich and deepen student learning about Japan.
• Japanese Culture: Tradition and Change. For Students in Grades Nine through Twelve. Instructional Materials about Japan (IMAJ)
  This manual provides suggestions and materials for teaching about Japan. Designed as a supplement to typical textbook treatments, the lessons provide a range of readings, visuals, and activities to enrich and deepen student learning about Japan.
• JSK By and Through JK v. Hendry County School Board
  HASH(0x885c3f8).
• Kerkam by Kerkam v. Superintendent, D.C. Public Schools
  Parents of a student with severe mental retardation sued for reimbursement of costs for a private placement. The Circuit Court remanded for a ruling on "appropriateness" finding that the lower court had applied a "maximizing" standard in its initial opinion.
• Knable ex. Re. Knable v. Bexley City School District
  After district failed to convene an IEP meeting for student, parents unilaterally withdrew child with behavior disorder from school, enrolled in a private school and sued for reimbursement. Court held that substantive harm, resulting in a denial of a FAPE under IDEA, occurs when the procedural violations of IDEA seriously infringe upon the parents' opportunity to participate in the IEP process, and procedural violations that deprive an eligible student of an individualized education program or result in the loss of educational opportunity also will constitute a denial of a FAPE.
• Knowledge Acquisition: Utilizing the Internet To Access Educational Data
  The information rich environment of the World Wide Web provides a wealth of opportunities for international and comparative scholars of education to access a variety of electronic resources. These resources come in the form of reports, papers, policy positions, and others, many of which are available full-text if one knows where and how to locate them.
• Language Policy and Ideological Paradox: A Comparative Look at Bilingual Intercultural Education Policy and Practice in Three Andean Countries
  Recent developments in language policy and educational reform in Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia have opened new possibilities for indigenous languages and their speakers through bilingual intercultural education. Use of the term "intercultural" is examined in official policy documents and in short narratives about intercultural practice by indigenous and non-indigenous educators.
• Language Policy and Pedagogy: Essays in Honor of A. Ronald Walton
  This edited volume brings together 14 diverse articles dealing with various aspects of language policy and pedagogy.
• Learning and Not Learning English: Latino Students in American Schools. Multicultural Education Series
  This book examines the experiences of four Mexican children in American middle schools struggling to learn English. It discusses policy and instructional dilemmas surrounding English language education for immigrant children.
• Learning to Fail: Case Studies of Students At Risk
  This study of students at risk was conducted to determine who is at risk, what puts students at risk, what schools are doing to help those students, and how effective these efforts are. Data were collected on about 49,000 students and almost 10,000 teachers in over 275 schools in 85 U.S.
• Legares v. Camdenton R-III School District
  HASH(0x885c224).
• Lenn v. Portland School Committee
  "The IDEA does not promise perfect solutions to the vexing problems posed by the existence of learning disabilities in children and adolescents. The Act sets more modest goals; it emphasizes an appropriate rather than ideal, education; it requires an adequate rather than optimal, IEP..
• Lessons from Laboratories in School Restructuring and Site-Based Decision-Making: Oregon's '2020' Schools Take Control of Their Own Reform
  In 1987, the Oregon Legislature passed House Bill 2020, the School Improvement and Professional Development Program. Designed to encourage innovation and professional development in a select number of Oregon schools, this act was intended to upgrade educational quality and create models for other state schools.
• Lifelong Learning and Its Impact on Social and Regional Development. Contributions to the European Conference on Lifelong Learning (1st, Bremen, Germany, October 3-5, 1996). Collected Papers
  This book contains 56 papers from a European conference. Representative papers includes articles on Adult Education,Continuing Education Educational Needs,Lifelong Learning,Access to Education,Adult Students,College Programs,Community Development,Cultural Pluralism Developed Nations,Educational Policy,Educational Trends,Females,Foreign Countries,Futures (of Society),Information Technology,Males Multicultural Education and Open Education.
• Literacy and Language Diversity in the United States. Language in Education: Theory and Practice 87
  This book was written for scholars, policymakers, and educators and provides both an introduction to issues in literacy and language diversity and compelling questions for those who work in the field. Based on national data, the extent of language diversity in the United States is explored; what is known about English literacy, native language literacy, and biliteracy is considered; and what is needed to make informed national policy decisions about this subject is discussed.
• Literacy in Multilingual/Intercultural Settings. Ensuring Universal Rights to Literacy and Basic Education. A Series of 29 Booklets Documenting Workshops Held at the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education (Hamburg, Germany, July 14-18, 1997).
  Because of the significant political implications of first and second language policy, many decision-makers have been reluctant to review language policy in the context of literacy work. Issues that must be considered include the following: whether mother tongue literacy should be a precondition for introduction of a second language in school-based and nonformal settings; conditions under which mother tongue literacy should precede second language literacy; and effects of policies regarding language of instruction on literacy after schooling.
• Looking at Ourselves and Others.
  This book introduces students to the concept of culture, cultural perspective,and cross-cultural relations. The personal experiences of Peace Corps Volunteers are included in the introduction to each section of the guide and can be used in a variety of ways.
• Making Space: Merging Theory and Practice in Adult Education
  This book represents the beginning dialogue and critique of social, political, economic, and historical forms of hegemony operating in the adult education field. Twenty-three chapters are grouped into five sections.
• Matters of Size: Obesity as a Diversity Issue in the Field of Early Childhood
  Notes that obesity is the primary reason for peer rejection in America; examines effects of obesity on wellness, self-esteem, peer relationships, and social status of children/families and early childhood teachers. Suggests that early childhood educators: (1) educate all stakeholders about nutrition and body size issues; (2) speak out against teasing and bullying; and (3) establish policies promoting healthful eating habits.
• Meanings of Culture in Multicultural Education: A Response to Anthropological Critiques
  Explores the meanings of culture found in multicultural education in the United States. Examines anthropological criticisms about these cultural connotations, suggests responses to these critiques based on scholarship, and considers implications for the future of multicultural education.
• Metropolitan Board of Public Education v. Guest
  Parents of a first-grader with autism challenged the district's proposal to change his placement from a regular kindergarten with supplementary aids and services to a special education classroom for two-thirds of the school day. An administrative law judge that Joel Guest be placed in the full inclusion program.
• Minorities and Adult Learning: Communication among Majorities and Minorities. Adult Learning and the Challenges of the 21st Century. A Series of 29 Booklets Documenting Workshops Held at the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education (Hamburg, Germany, July 14-18, 1997).
  This booklet, which was produced as a follow-up to the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education, examines communication among minorities and nonminorities in adult education programs. The booklet begins with a sketch of the situation of minority group members around the world and a list of 10 ways education policy and legislation can advance minority rights.
• Multicultural Education in the U.S.: A Guide to Policies and Programs in the 50 States
  This book compiles information to investigate the presence and structure of multicultural education programs throughout the United States. The book begins by discussing the need for multicultural education programs, and the goal of which is to provide more accurate descriptions of America's microcultural populations and to guarantee a better education for all American school children, regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, or language background.
• Multicultural Education in the United States: A Historical Review
  Examines the development, fluctuations, and growth of U.S. multicultural education from a historical perspective, from colonial times through the 20th century, concluding with some reflections on its future course.
• Multicultural Education. Responding to a Mandate for Equitable Educational Outcomes
  Recent statistics suggest that equal educational opportunities for many students (e.g., students who are poor, disabled, or minorities) remain elusive. To handle the growing student diversity, educators must infuse multicultural education, instruction, evaluation, and support services into the school setting.
• Multicultural Education: An International Guide to Research, Policies, and Programs
  This book is a reference work that examines a sample of the world's educational systems. The countries included are those that participated in an international study of multicultural education, along with other countries to provide a solid sampling of nations on all continents.
• Multicultural Education: Issues, Policies, and Practices. Research in Multicultural Education and International Perspectives, Volume 1
  This book presents recent research findings on different aspects of multicultural education, informing teachers of the issues, policies, and new approaches prevalent around the world.
• Multicultural Education: Strategies for Implementation in Colleges and Universities. Volume 4
  The 21 essays of this book discuss strategies for implementing multicultural education at the higher education level, especially in Illinois.
• Multicultural Teacher Education in Special and Bilingual Education
  This introductory article to the special issue summarizes following articles, which describe the status of research on multicultural education and special education, the development, implementation, and evolution of multicultural education courses at two major research universities, and findings about the impact of coursework on the thinking and actions of preservice and novice teachers.
• Multiculturalism and Multicultural Education in an International Perspective
  The concept of multiculturalism is explored and several approaches to multicultural education are discussed, drawing examples from North America, Europe, and Australia. This conceptual framework is used to describe and analyze the current state of affairs in these fields in the Netherlands.
• Multiple Voices for Ethnically Diverse Exceptional Learners, 2002
  This issue of "Multiple Voices" contains the articles on disabilities, minority group children,Parent participation,Preservice Teacher Education Reading Strategies,Teacher Attitudes,American Indians,Augmentative and Alternative Communication,Bilingual Education,Blacks,Disability Identification,Diversity,Educational Change,Educational Practices,Elementary Secondary Education,Learning Disabilities,Limited English Speaking,Multicultural Education,Performance Factors,Research Problems,Student Teachers.
• Muslims and Sex Education
  Examines objections to sex education practices and calls by British Muslim leaders to withdraw Muslim children from sex education classes. Discusses policy makers' dilemmas as they try to reconcile the public interest with diverse beliefs.
• National Standards for History. Basic Edition.
  This revised guide is intended for teachers to aid in development of history curriculum in the schools and explains what students should know and be able to do in each of the grade levels. The book addresses two types of standards: (1) historical thinking skills; and (2) historical understandings.
• National TEEM Outreach: Transition into the Elementary Education Mainstream. Final Report
  This final report describes activities of a 3-year federally supported program designed to enable school systems to establish and implement systematic transition planning to meet the multicultural needs of preschool-aged children with disabilities and their families moving into kindergarten and other general education settings.
• Norway: Charting a Course for the 21st Century. Teacher's Resource Guide
  This teaching unit is designed to present the Norwegian viewpoint on the importance of participation in the global community. Through its national policies and the efforts of countless citizens, modern Norway is making an urgent statement to the global community about the best course to follow for the planet's safe future.
• Notes from a Kidwatcher: Selected Writings of Yetta M. Goodman
  The 23 articles chosen for this anthology of Yetta M. Goodman's writings were chosen based on historical importance, centrality to her body of work, availability, and/or ongoing relevance to teachers.
• O'Toole v. Olathe District Schools
  HASH(0x885c494).
• Oberti by Oberti v. Board of Education of Borough of Clementon School District
  The school district bears the burden of proving compliance with LRE regardless of which party brought the claim. The reason for imposing the burden of proof on the school system was explained by the Court: "the Act's strong presumption in favor of mainstreaming ..
• Our Nation on the Fault Line: Hispanic American Education.
  This report responds to an Executive Order that charges the President's Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans with improving the education of Hispanic Americans through the study of current educational conditions. The study includes an analysis of the current state of Hispanic American educational attainment and points out the serious work that must be done to promote high quality education for Hispanics.
• Overview of Germany: The Federal Republic and the Federal States. Social Studies. Grades 6-8. Update 1997/1998. Corp Author(s): Inter Nationes, Bonn (Germany)
  This packet is designed for middle school classrooms. The four lessons correspond to the typical curriculum pattern of world cultures, geography, and government.
• Partnership for Change: The NALSAS Strategy. Interim Progress Report of the First Quadrennium of the NALSAS Strategy, 1995-1998. Corp Author(s): Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs, Carlton South (Australia)
  The basic task of the National Asian Languages and Studies in Australian Schools (NALSAS) strategy has been to resource and promote the teaching and learning of Asian languages and studies of Asia in Australian schools. NALSAS focuses on four Asian languages: Chinese (Mandarin), Indonesian, Japanese, and Korean.
• Perceptions of Teachers, Administrators, and Community Members about Returning to a Neighborhood School Structure
  This study investigated the perceptions of selected stakeholders about the impact of returning to a district-wide neighborhood school structure after having been under a federal desegregation mandate (involving busing) since the 1970s. It focuses on data from interviews with African American and white elementary school teachers.
• Perspectives on the Mexican Education System: Prejudices, Problems, Possibilities. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad 1997 (Mexico)
  This paper examines the complex Mexican educational system and how numerous factors influence its success, depending on one's point of reference. Many ideological and subjective judgments are made in this evaluation.
• Poolaw v. Bishop
  In the first case, the Court rejected the parents' suggestions of inadequate supplementary aids and services for their child with a severe hearing impairment. As a result, the student could be placed in a school specializing in educating stud ents with hearing impairments.
• Poststructuralism, Politics, and Education. Critical Studies in Education and Culture
  This book provides an introduction to poststructuralism by examining a range of interrelated themes central to the field of education that focus on the critique of reason and the problematic nature of the subject. The first chapter examines the history of poststructuralism in terms of the broader canvas of European formalism, futurism, surrealism, and structuralist poetics.
• Preparing Limited English Proficient Persons for the Workplace. ERIC Digest No. 215
  This digest describes cultural considerations and effective approaches for limited English proficient (LEP) individuals' workforce development, including the impact of recent training legislation. LEP persons often come from both a different language background and a very different cultural background; so English-language instruction must provide cultural and linguistic orientation.
• Preparing Special Educators To Meet the Needs of Students Who Are Learning English as a Second Language and Are Visually Impaired: A Monograph
  This monograph describes a personnel preparation program that prepared 32 Colorado special education graduates to meet the needs of students who are learning English as a second language and are visually impaired. Graduates took a course that was specially designed to expose students to relevant literature on federal mandates for the education of students from linguistically diverse communities, teaching methodology appropriate for students with limited proficiency and academic achievement, working with families from diverse cultures, using translators, and the teaching of the Spanish braille code.
• Principles of Pedagogy in Teaching in a Diverse Medical School: The University of Capetown South Africa Medical School
  This paper describes a 2-month project developed by the Sage Colleges (New York) and the University of Capetown Medical School in South Africa to help the medical faculty at the Capetown Medical School teach its newly diverse student body. The program is intended to improve student retention and it emphasizes the need for faculty to assure students coming from nonacademic backgrounds of their competence and to celebrate multicultural diversity in higher education.
• Project Bridge: Preparing African-American Teachers To Work with Young Children with Disabilities and Their Families. Final Report
  This final report describes the activities and outcomes of a federally funded project that was designed to prepare African-American students at the graduate level as teachers in Early Childhood Special Education (ECSE), who would be capable of meeting the special education needs of young children with disabilities, ages birth through five, and their families.
• Project Change Evaluation Research Brief
  Project Change is a community-driven anti-racism initiative operating in four communities: Albuquerque, New Mexico; El Paso, Texas; Knoxville, Tennessee; and Valdosta, Georgia. The formative evaluation of Project Change began in 1994 when all of the sites were still in planning or early action phases.
• Project Support Evaluation. Los Angeles Unified School District, Report #3 - Final Evaluation
  Project Support, a 3-year project funded by the federal government, was designed as a demonstration of the impact of a comprehensive school-based drug and gang prevention program for high-risk students in six elementary schools in Los Angeles (California). In addition to providing some programs for entire grade levels, the program planned to identify 250 to 300 students on which to concentrate services.
• Promoting Bilingualism in the Era of Unz: Making Sense of the Gap between Research, Policy, and Practice in Teacher Education
  Examined efforts to promote bilingualism in a course for prospective teachers, Education of Bilingual Children: Theory and Practice, focusing on how student teachers grappled with the complex relationship between research, policy, and practice within bilingual education. Analysis of five types of literacy events indicated that students experienced a process of transformation in developing more positive attitudes toward bilingualism.
• Puja: Expressions of Hindu Devotion. Guide for Educators
  This teaching packet serves as a unit by itself or as part of preparation unit for a visit to the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery to see the exhibition "Puja: Expressions of Hindu Devotion." Focusing on Hindu religious objects found in an art museum, the packet suggests connections between art and world studies themes.
• Quality Assurance and the South African University System: Defining the Impact of External and Internal Trends on the South African University System and Its Quality
  Examines the influence of a number of factors on quality assurance in the South African university system, including a new national system for standardizing training, national quality assurance initiatives, a new proposed role for universities, the shift from a monocultural to a multicultural educational environment, trend toward mass higher education, increased access to education, and a new government-university relationship. (Author/MSE).
• Race Equality and School Improvement: Some Aspects of the Birmingham Experience
  Describes two initiatives--Education for Our Multicultural Society/Success for Everyone and KWESI--illustrating Birmingham Local Education Authority's (LEA's) efforts to enhance racial equity and improve schools. These initiatives demonstrate the LEA as policymaker, providing a clear sense of vision and purpose, and as an enabler and facilitator for change.
• Racial Inequality in Schools. Corp Author(s): Commission for Racial Equality, London (England). ; Association for Teachers and Lecturers, London (England)
  In spite of considerable progress on racial equality issues and multicultural education made in the schools of the United Kingdom, many areas of disadvantage remain for ethnic minority students and some new ones have emerged. Quite apart from the moral and educational imperatives behind policies against racism, there are legal implications for schools that neglect these areas of concern.
• Reading and the Native American Learner. Research Report
  Intended as a resource for mainstream teachers, this document summarizes current research on effective ways for teachers to meet the educational needs of American Indian students in public schools. The first section discusses the history of U.S.
• Recent Changes in School Desegregation. ERIC/CUE Digest Number 133
  This digest discusses some of the major trends and changes that are taking place in school desegregation in the 1990s. One of the most prominent current trends is the increasing number of court cases that release school districts from court supervision of their desegregation efforts (known as granting "unitary" status).
• Reducing Racism in Schools: Moving beyond Rhetoric
  Addresses the problems of racism in schools and reviews the historical and contemporary context of the policies and programs to reduce it. Discusses obstacles and challenges to implementing effective antiracist policies and programs.
• Reducing the Disproportionate Representation of Minority Students in Special Education. ERIC/OSEP Digest #E566
  This digest summarizes the problem of over-representation of minority students in special education and offers suggestions to reduce this disproportionate representation. It notes concerns of the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) and the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) that minority students are being misclassified and receiving inappropriate services and/or discriminatory placement in special education.
• Reform in Teacher Education through the CLAD/BCLAD Policy
  Analyzes obstacles facing multicultural/bilingual teacher education reform in the context of California's Crosscultural Language and Academic Development (CLAD) or Bilingual Crosscultural Language and Academic Development (BCLAD) programs, which try to translate theoretical frameworks concerned with cultural difference into credentialing policy. This reform effort champions linguistic and cultural diversity but faces formidable obstacles.
• Reinventing Early Care and Education: A Vision for a Quality System
  Although early care and education have gained some momentum in recent years, shortfalls in quality are still pervasive. This book defines the elements of a high-quality system and suggests strategies for improvement.
• Report on Hate Crimes & Discrimination against Arab Americans, 1996-97. Corp Author(s): American Arab Anti Discrimination Committee, Washington, DC
  Examples of hate crimes against Arab Americans in this report are those that were reported to the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC), but the actual number of hate crimes and incidents of discrimination far exceeds those reported. As the report shows, Arab American civil rights were increasingly threatened in 1996-97 by the Anti-Terrorism Act, which allows the use of secret evidence against individuals accused of supporting terrorist organizations.
• Report on the Binational Conference: In Search of a Border Pedagogy (4th, El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, January 1999).
  This report contains a synopsis of the binational conference and features brief summaries of all the papers presented at the conference. Over 350 educators, community leaders, and researchers were brought together to discuss the educational extremes found along the border between the United States and Mexico and to investigate instructional approaches that address the unique characteristics of this region.
• Researching Mathematics Education and Language in Multilingual South Africa
  Explores policy, practice, and research issues related to teaching and learning mathematics in multilingual classrooms in South Africa. Focuses on code-switching in multilingual mathematics classrooms.
• Responding to Undocumented Children in the Schools. ERIC Digest
  This digest discusses public schooling for undocumented immigrant children--children born outside the United States who live here without permission of the federal government. Most are children of agricultural workers.
• Rethinking Preservice and Inservice Training Programs for Teachers in the Learning Disabilities Field: Workable Multicultural Models. Special Issue
  This paper discusses the need to rethink preservice and inservice training programs for general and special educators who teach culturally diverse students with learning disabilities. An overview identifies problems associated with traditional preservice and inservice training programs, such as Eurocentric teacher education programs and low teacher expectations of minority students.
• Reversing Underachievement among Gifted Black Students: Promising Practices and Programs. Education and Psychology of the Gifted Series
  This book focuses on the psychological, social, and cultural factors that influence the achievement of black youth who are gifted or potentially gifted, the prevention of underachievement, and appropriate interventions in cases of underachievement. The roles that families, educators, peers, and students themselves must play in promoting the academic, psychological, and socioemotional well being of these students are emphasized.
• Review of research on ways to attain goal six: Creating safe, disciplined, and drug-free schools.
  Making every school in America free of drugs and violence and fostering a disciplined environment conducive to learning by the year 2000 is the aim of the sixth National Education Goal. Schools are far from this goal as violence, drugs, and discipline problems continue to disrupt learning.
• Revista de Investigacion Educativa, 1999 (Journal of Educational Research, 1999).
  In this volume, articles are written in Spanish, focusing on Educational Research, Academic Achievement,Cognitive Style,Cultural Pluralismon the following: intellectual style and academic performance.
• Rolling Up Our Sleeves in Social Justice Research: A Collaborative Study of School-Based Coalitions
  This study examined the shared experiences of student and teacher activists in light of current theoretical and political contexts of interest to social justice activists. The study involved collaborative in-depth interviews with and observations of seven student and four teacher activists in Alberta, Canada.
• Sacramento City Unified School District v. Rachel H.
  The District strenuously disagrees with the district court's findings that Rachel was receiving academic and non-academic benefits in a regular class and did not have a detrimental effect on the teacher or other students. It argues that the court's findings were contrary to the evidence of the state Diagnostic Center and that the court should not have been persuaded by the testimony of Rachel's teacher, particularly her testimony that Rachel would need only a part-time aide in the future.
• Salad Bars & Smorgasbords: The Management of Culture in Sweden & the United States
  Investigates multiculturalism and education in Sweden through historical accounts, national course plans and guidelines, current theory, discussions with scholars, classroom observations, and 23 interviews of late-secondary/early postsecondary teachers of civics and Swedish language arts. (EMS).
• Secondary Transition of Multicultural Learners: Lessons from the Navajo Native American Experience
  This discussion of the impact of culture and cultural differences on school and work and the importance of enhancing multicultural awareness also reports on a study that evaluated the experience of 22 Navajo Native Americans high school graduates in transition. Findings stress the importance of students' significant relationships, limited educational and vocational perceptions, and connection to homeland and culture.
• Service-Learning in Teacher Education: Enhancing the Growth of New Teachers, Their Students, and Communities
  This book provides teacher educators, administrators, practicing teachers who work with preservice teachers, policymakers, and researchers with information on the conceptual, research, and application areas of service-learning in preservice teacher education. The collection of papers offers teacher educators' thoughts about ways to enhance the usefulness of service-learning in preservice teacher preparation.
• Should Schools Promote Toleration?
  Observes that educators often take for granted that toleration should be promoted in schools, especially in multicultural societies. Shows that the issue of promoting tolerance is controversial and its value needs careful consideration.
• Sources of Supply of Teachers for Eight Cogate Areas: National Trends and Predicators
  This report contains national trend and predictor data for the supply of public school K-12 teachers in eight cognate areas: general elementary education; mathematics and science education; language education; social studies education; arts, physical, and health education; business and vocational education; other general education; and special education.
• South Dakota's Resource List for Children, Youth, and Families.Pierre
  This directory lists contact information for educational programs, human services, and other resources for children, youth, and families in South Dakota. Sections cover adult basic education programs, alcohol and drug treatment facilities, career learning centers, clothing, community health nurses, community mental health centers, consumer credit counseling, county veterans service offices.
• Standards & Inclusion: Can We Have Both?
  The move toward higher standards in our nation’s schools has raised a major dilemma for educators committed to the inclusion of students with disabilities. How can these students truly succeed in a learning environment where academic standards and formalized testing are increasing?” This video discusses the following: The Consequences of Higher Standards; The Seven Factors of Successful Inclusion; the Reauthorization of I.D.E.A.; and the Restructuring of Our Schools.
• Student performance.
  Suggests that federal education policies must attach the highest priority to strategies that boost student performance for all groups in the United States. State of student performance; State of teacher quality; Alternative forms of school management.
• Student Services: A Handbook for the Profession. Third Edition. The Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series
  A solid foundation in current literature in the field of student affairs is provided. New in this edition are an expanded theory section, expanded coverage of diversity issues, management and outcomes, and discussion of the impact of college on students.
• Successful Early Childhood Education in an Imperfect World: Lessons Learned from Four Northwest Schools. Program Report
  This report describes four innovative and culturally responsive early childhood education programs in Montana, Washington, Alaska, and Oregon. The introduction discusses developmentally appropriate early education and effective teaching practices.
• T.R. v. Kingwood Township Board of Education
  HASH(0x885c134).
• Taken to Extremes: Education in the Far North
  This book examines the history of education of indigenous peoples in circumpolar countries of the Western world and contemporary issues in schooling there. It offers perspectives on school and society in villages spread across the Arctic and Subarctic regions of Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, and Finland.
• Teacher Learning: New Policies, New Practices. The Series on School Reform
  This collection of articles focuses on the practice and policy of staff development in terms of recent developments in teacher learning. Following an introduction by the editors, the book is divided into five parts.
• Teacher Preparation in E/BD: A National Survey
  A survey of 101 directors of teacher training programs for working with students with emotional and behavioral disorders (E/BD) found encouraging practices such as offering E/BD programming at the graduate level; however, there were some areas such as special education law and multicultural issues that received little attention. (Author/CR).
• Teacher supply in United States: Sources of newly hired teachers in public and private schools, 1988-1991.
  Data from this report on sources of new teachers in the United States are from the 1987-88 and 1990-91 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) of the National Center for Education Statistics, a multilevel linked survey of public and private schools, school districts, principals, and teachers. As fewer college graduates enter teaching, concerns have risen about possible teacher shortages.
• Teachers' Beliefs, Antiracism and Moral Education: Problems of Intersection
  Explores the potential problems of intersection between the defining aims of antiracist education and teachers' beliefs about the aims of education. Identifies a framework for differentiating three ethical perspectives that teachers often take in articulating and justifying their beliefs about the ideal aims of education.
• Teachers' Responses to Policy Implementation: Interactions of New Accountability Policies and Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in Urban School Reform
  This paper explores how new accountability policies interact with culturally relevant teaching at the classroom level. When teachers are under the constraints of accountability and student testing policies, are they able to adopt and practice culturally relevant pedagogy in their classrooms? Previous research indicates that high-stakes accountability systems connected with standardized testing are viewed as having negative effects on teachers, the teaching profession, and curriculum and instruction.
• Teaching Short-Term and Long-Term Goal-Setting to ESL Students for Educational, Personal, and Career Application. Action Research Monograph
  Because an English-as-a-second-language (ESL) teacher in Pennsylvania observed from the intake questionnaires completed by her students that many ESL students lack short- and long-term goal-setting skills, she undertook an action research project to help ESL students develop the short- and long-term goal-setting skills needed for educational, personal, and career application.
• Teaching through Traditions: Incorporating Languages and Culture into Curricula
  This chapter discusses challenges to the perpetuation of American Indian languages and cultures, as well as successful strategies and practices for developing culturally relevant curriculum. A review of the history of U.S.
• Technology Connections for Grades 3-5. Research Projects and Activities
  This book provides guidance and instruction for nine in-depth projects that integrate information literacy skills and technology skills with the elementary curriculum while promoting small-group learning and interpersonal skills. These projects use the talents of both the teacher and the librarian and emphasize small group learning.
• Teens Working: Turning Earning into Learning. Facilitator Guide [and] Critical Workplace Issues [and] Student Guide.
  These guides are part of a toolkit designed to help young people make connections between the jobs they now hold, the classes they are taking, and the goals they may have for the near and distant future. The guides contain a variety of materials and activities appropriate for all skill levels.
• The Black Hole in Science Ranks
  This paper reviews four decades of research on race and education in Great Britain and discusses the deficit theories of underachievement that serve as the structure of most of the studies. Focus is placed on black youth of Caribbean origin and how they perform in British schools.
• The Changing Faces of Tradition: A Report on the Folk and Traditional Arts in the United States. Research Division Report 38
  Most folk art activity occurs outside institutional settings, and while some of it intersects with commerce and popular culture, other portions find nurture from public and private funding. This study sketches the breadth and depth of folk and traditional arts activity in the United States.
• The Color of Bureaucracy: The Politics of Equity in Multicultural School Communities
  This book is for administrators, teachers, policymakers, educational reformers, and community leaders who are concerned with achieving greater social justice in education. It provides an in-depth understanding of the challenges to schools brought about by lingering views of race, gender, ethnicity, and class, showing how the inequalities of the country's past are unconsciously maintained through inherited systems of bureaucratic control.
• The Educational System of Israel. Contributions to the Study of Education, Number 70
  Although it has many features in common with other national educational systems in developed countries, the Israeli educational system has unique characteristics derived from both Jewish tradition and modern history, as well as from national revival over the last century.
• The European Dimension in Education. Corp Author(s): Council of Europe, Strasbourg (France). Directorate of Education, Culture and Sport, Documentation Section
  This paper addresses concerns about a European dimension in education that has been created by the enlargement of the European Union (EU) (the inclusion of Austria, Finland, and Sweden) and the gradual transformations of institutions into a future federal state.
• The Evolving Theme of Teaching Multicultural Art Education. Monograph Series
  This publication, sponsored by the U.S. Society of Education through Art (USSEA) as a forum of past presidents involving audience participation, aims to stimulate dialogue on the evolving theme of teaching multicultural issues and what affects student learning.
• The Experiences of Adult Undergraduate Students--What Shapes Their Learning?
  The Model of College Outcomes for Adults explains why adults might do as well as traditional students, despite limited participation and involvement in traditional residential learning experiences. The model's six components are prior experience and personal biographies; psychosocial and value orientation; adult cognition; life-world environment; college outcomes; and the connecting classroom.
• The Future Is Now: Latino Education in Georgia
  Georgia's Latino student population has risen from less than 2,000 in 1976 to more than 28,000 in 1996. In 1995-96, Latinos were less likely than their peers to finish school, more likely to struggle in the classroom, and less likely to have instructors from their ethnic background.
• The Geography of Germany: Lessons for Teaching the Five Themes of Geography. Social Studies, Grades 9-12. Update 1997/1998
  This packet contains five lessons related to the five themes of geography: location; place; human-environment interaction; movement; and region. The lessons are designed to support the teaching of courses in world geography, U.S.
• The Harvard Education Letter, 1996
  This document is comprised of volume 12 of the Harvard Education Letter, published bimonthly and addressing current issues in elementary-secondary education.
• The Limits of Educational Policy and Practice? The Case of Ethnic Minorities in The Netherlands
  Describes four types of immigrants to The Netherlands since World War II and three phases of educational policies aimed at compensating for their educational disadvantages. Discusses the disappointing outcomes of compensatory education, bilingual education, intercultural education, and preschool and early school programs, and describes the government's radical new approach involving decentralization, deregulation, and local autonomy.
• The National Conversation on Youth Development in the 21st Century. Final Report.
  To commemorate 2002 as the centennial year of America's 4-H Movement, the National 4-H Council held a national conversation to identify ways of improving youth development programs. The conversation process included the following activities: 1,577 local conversations that yielded more than 10,000 specific action items; a review of those items at 63 state conversations; and a national conversation at which 1,200 youths and adults representing 600 organizations developed specific national strategies and action steps based on the findings of the local and state conversations.
• The Quick Reference Guide to Educational Innovations: Practices, Programs, Policies, and Philosophies
  In their struggle to identify successful solutions for their schools, teachers, administrators, board members, and parents must wade through reams of educational rhetoric and sales hype. This resource is designed to serve a broad audience of practicing teachers, preservice teachers, administrators, resource teachers, college professors, parents, and others who would like to stay abreast of new education programs and innovations.).
• This Issue: already Reading (Children, Texts, and Contexts)
  This theme issue examines various definitions and practices in reading education; highlighting children, their teachers, and the texts and contexts that shape reading. The articles examine the sociopolitical terrain shaping classroom practices, the inclusion of multicultural texts, classroom reading contexts and how they are shaped by social policies, and the construction of reading outside of school settings.
• Timothy W. v. Rochester N.H. School District
  Timothy W. is a child with complex developmental disabilities, spastic quadriplegia, cerebral palsy, weizure disorder, and cortical blindness.
• Tomorrow's Forecast: Oceans and Weather
  This issue of "Art to Zoo" focuses on weather and climate and is tied to the traveling exhibition Ocean Planet from the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.
• Toward prescriptive alternatives to suspensions: A preliminary evaluation
  A study examined the extent of discipline programs, the use of suspension, and the procedural integrity of the disciplinary policy at a large urban high school. Subjects for phase 1 were 150 students with disciplinary referrals to the vice principal's office, and subjects for phase 2 were 23 middle and high school students who had been suspended.
• Towards a Comprehensive Language Policy: The Language of the School As a Second Language. An Ontario Perspective
  Suggests that Native students entering school in Ontario (Canada) are not treated equally with regard to support for or valuing of their Native language. Overviews research related to second-language instruction and provides policy recommendations for Native-language students, second-language instruction, deaf education, and developing a comprehensive second-language education policy.
• Transforming the Multicultural Education of Teachers: Theory, Research, and Practice. Multicultural Education Series
  This book recognizes the important role teacher education programs can play in providing culturally responsive teachers for 21st century public school classrooms. It provides a range of transformative perspectives on the multicultural education of teachers, emphasizing race, racism, anti-racism, and democracy .
• Tribal Libraries: And Still They Rise
  Biggs studied tribal libraries through visits to libraries in Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Arizona. Tribal libraries serve as key information centers for the tribe's sovereign nation, and are almost always the education center of the community.
• Tumacacori National Historical Park: Making History Come Alive. "Encounters" Fourth Grade Teachers' Guide.
  This 9-unit curriculum guide for 4th grade includes activities relating to the cultural and environmental history of southern Arizona, specifically the area known as the Pimeria Alta. The guide was designed by a group of teachers to be thematic and sequential, and to deal with the encounters of various cultures that are the history of the Santa Cruz Valley.
• U.S.-Japan Relations: The View from Both Sides of the Pacific. Part I, Episodes in the History of U.S.-Japan Relations: Case Studies of Conflict, Conflict Management & Resolution
  This curriculum unit is the first part of a three-part series; it focuses on the theme of conflict. It introduces students to conflict on personal, group, international, and global levels and to basic conflict resolution/management alternatives.
• Understanding China in the 21st Century: Political, Economic, and Security Issues in the Asia/Pacific Region. Part I, U.S. and Japanese Relations with China: Case Studies of Cooperation and Competition
  This curriculum unit is part one of a three-part series. The unit introduces students to policy options for U.S.
• Understanding the Korean Peninsula in the 21st Century: Political, Economic, and Security Issues in the Asia/Pacific Region. Part II, U.S. and Japanese Relations with the Korean Peninsula: Opportunities and Challenges
  This curriculum unit is part two of a three-part series. Each of the three parts can be taught independently.
• Understanding Vietnam in the 21st Century: Political, Economic, and Security Issues in the Asia/Pacific Region. Part III, U.S. and Japanese Relations with Vietnam: Liberalization and Integration
  This curriculum unit is part three of a three-part series. Each of the three parts can be taught independently.
• Unity in Diversity: The Enigma of the European Dimension in Education
  Maintains that efforts aimed at the development of a European dimension to the general education curriculum offered in individual nations' schooling have increased in recent years. Asserts that the immediate goal is to provide young people with opportunities beyond their national borders.
• Unscrambling the Semantics of Canadian Multiculturalism
  This paper explores the evolution of multiculturalism in the Canadian context. Some opponents of multiculturalism in Canada detect in the ideology an undermining of a unique Canadian identity in favor of hyphenated Canadians, while proponents see the hyphenation as adding richness and color to the Canadian character.
• Urbanization in the Northwest. Issues and Implications for Policy
  In the Northwest, as across the rest of the United States, the basic characteristics of the U.S. household are changing.
• Using the New Racial Categories in the 2000 Census: A KIDS COUNT/PRB Report on Census 2000
  This report addresses issues that data users will face in using, interpreting, and presenting new data on race from the 2000 census, which allowed multiple racial responses. Changing how the census collects data on race is not new.
• Vulnerable Children, Vulnerable Families: The Social Construction of Child Abuse
  Based on a study conducted in an intervention program for parents of maltreated children, this book examines the well intended but often ineffective efforts of the child welfare system to prevent maltreatment, as illustrated by the experiences of three parents targeted by the state’s child protection agency, and urges more far-reaching policy change to coordinate earlier and more diverse kinds of support for children and families.
• Walczak v. Florida Union Free School District
  The IDEA does not require states to "...maximize the potential of handicapped children..." however the "door of public education must be opened in a 'meaningful' way..." "This is not done if an IEP affords only the opportunity for only 'trivial advancement'..." An appropriate education under the IDEA is one that is "likely to produce progress, not regression.".
• What Do Teachers Teach? A Survey of America's Fourth and Eighth Grade Teachers. Civic Report
  This report contains results from a survey of U.S. fourth and eighth grade teachers that examined their teaching philosophies, classroom teaching methods and practices, academic expectations for students, and opinions on other education policy issues.
• Whose World Is It, Anyway? Multicultural Science from Diverse Perspectives
  Reviews three books that argue that science education should reflect global scientific contributions, use multicultural and feminist perspectives, and be grounded in everyday life experiences with science. Suggests questions of policy and practice in moving from theory to implementation of a more equitable, socially responsible science education.
• Why Language Learning Matters
  Most education systems prepare their students to function in the national language and at least one additional language. However, only one-third of U.S.
• Why the Need for the Indian Child Welfare Act?
  Explores two historical periods that preceded the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978: the boarding and mission school era (1880s-1950s) and the Indian adoption era (1950s-70s). The assimilationist social welfare policy of those two eras led to the eventual need for special legislation that protects tribal self-determination, heritage, and family preservation.
• Within These Many Lies the American One: Multiculturalism, Citizenship Training, and the Construction of an American "Paideia."
  The idea of an American "paideia" (an ideal national public culture) is implicit in U.S. civic education and citizenship training.
• Youth Works Final Report. Youth Works-Americorps Final Report. Report to the Legislature.
  This document consists of a 1996-97 final report of Youth Works*AmeriCorps (YW*AC) and a supplemental report with information collected by the Minnesota Department of Children, Families, and Learning.

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