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Ethnic Groups

• Culturally Diverse Library Collections for Youth
  This annotated bibliography of multicultural literature for secondary students is designed to help librarians broaden and diversify their print and video collections with materials written both for and about African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans. The materials included are intended for middle, junior high, and senior high school libraries as well as young adult collections in public libraries.
• Are the Culturally Diverse Needs of Children Being Met in Special Education?
  A mail survey was conducted of 149 students (grades 4-8) with special needs in 19 school systems in inner city, suburban, and rural settings to determine their knowledge of cultural diversity and to identify their educational needs in this area.
• Expanding Conceptions of Community and Civic Competence for a Multicultural Society
  Connects the concept of diversity to the symbiotic relationship between individuality and community in the United States. Maintains that cultural awareness is a valid and realistic response to global interdependence and changing demographics.
• Intake Concerns of Racial and Ethnic Minority Students at a University Counseling Center: Implications for Developmental Programming and Outreach
  Examined the presenting concerns of racial and ethnic minority students (N=157) at a university counseling center. Results indicate that family and romantic relationship issues, academic concerns, and depression were among their primary concerns.
• Successful Strategies in Multi-Ethnic Schools: A Summary of Recent Research
  Summarizes approaches identified in recent research that were used in schools in the United Kingdom that were effective in educating minority students. These effective schools were characterized by strong leadership, shared vision and goals, school organization, and high expectations for students.
• Bilingual Education Policy and Practice in the Andes: Ideological Paradox and Intercultural Possibility
  Discusses bilingual education policy and reform in the context of indigenous languages of Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia, exploring the ideological paradox inherent in transforming a standardizing education into a diversifying one and in constructing a multilingual, multicultural national identity. Data come from policy documents and practitioner narratives.
• Haitian Creole Language and Bilingual Education in the United States: Problem, Right, Or Resource?
  Examines the issue of meaningful education for Creole-speaking students, particularly Haitians, in the context of U.S. bilingual programs.
• Impediments to Minority Student Learning
  Describes a two-part study involving 125 minority female students, 14 faculty members and 35 textbooks that explored the kinds of images minority students found in their textbooks. Results indicated that the exclusion, omission, or misrepresentation through images directly impacted student learning as well as student career choices.
• Leaders of Color as Catalysts for Community Building in a Multicultural Society
  Presents a vision of multicultural education as a validating and inclusive process for non-European ways of knowing. Classifies multicultural education as inclusionary, emancipatory, liberatory, critical, and transformative.
• An Observational Study of Multicultural Education in Urban Elementary Schools
  Presents an observational study of multicultural educational practices within 12 elementary schools in a major metropolitan area of the south central region of the United States. Reveals the use of the Multicultural Teaching Observation Instrument in measuring teacher support of students, classroom equity, and integration of students' culture within a multicultural education setting.
• Cultural Diversity and the NCATE Standards: A Case Study
  Examines the ethnic distribution between college of education faculty and public school teachers. Describes one comprehensive program designed to help reduce this type of ethnic discrepancy.
• Approaching Change: One School's Approach to Multicultural Education and Raising the Achievement of African Caribbean Students
  Describes Holy Family College's (London) relationship with Waltham Forest's African Caribbean Attainment Project designed to identify and assess the needs of Caribbean students of African heritage and to raise their academic achievement. How the secondary school maximized the benefits of this partnership are highlighted.
• New Approaches to Multiculturalism Reviewed
  Provides capsule reviews of a number of publications related to multicultural education and minority students in the United Kingdom. Focuses on five treatments of multicultural education and antiracist education and comments briefly on 14 other books related to issues of minority education.
• An Alien among Us: A Diversity Game
  The game described in this booklet is designed to broaden the players' perspectives on human diversity and to help them appreciate and value people of different backgrounds. In the game, players are asked to select the best candidates for an interplanetary mission on the basis of certain characteristics.
• Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Academic Library Collections: Ownership and Access of African American and U.S. Latino Periodical Literature
  Measures ownership of and access to African American and Latino periodical literature, illustrating the successes and failures in promoting racial and ethnic diversity in research libraries belonging to the ARL (Association of Research Libraries). Discusses desirability of multicultural collections; bibliographic control and access issues; and correlations between indexing and ownership.
• Unraveling Multicultural Education's Meanings: An Analysis of Core Assumptions Found in Academic Writings in Canada and the United States, 1981-1997
  Analyzes conceptions of multicultural education found within academic literature from 1981 to 1997. Identifies five key social and educational beliefs that generally have not been subject to academic scrutiny, and suggests that contradictions within the literature may have a potentially destructive impact on efforts to improve intercultural relations.
• Information-Seeking Behavior of Multicultural Students: A Case Study at San Jose State University
  Discusses the growing diversity of college students; considers how academic libraries can meet their needs; and describes a study conducted at San Jose State University. This study investigated how students from diverse ethnic groups discover, select, and use information and the impact their cultural and educational backgrounds have on information-seeking behavior.
• Improving Attainment through Action Research: An Introduction to Hillingdon's Raising Achievement Project
  Describes the Raising Achievement Project designed to address the need for more information on the performance of ethnic minorities for whom English is an additional language, and the need for support for children who have passed the initial stages of learning English. It also describes the action research model used to answer questions about bilingual children's performance.
• Asian Americans: From Racial Category to Multiple Identities. Critical Perspectives on Asian Pacific Americans Series
  The experience of Asian Americans as a racial category and as a multiplicity of identities in the United States is examined. Demographically, Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial and ethnic group in the United States.
• Understanding Differences in Cultural Communication Styles
  Administrators must integrate the strengths of diverse cultural styles into all parts of the system, including hiring practices, curriculum development, teaching and learning styles, discipline philosophy, and communication with parents. To reduce the potential for misunderstandings, this article explains differences in "mainstream" versus traditional ethnic communication and participation that govern student placement decisions, parent-teacher conferences, informal interactions, and treatment of "hot topics." (MLH).
• From Section 11 to Ethnic Minority Achievement--Reports from around the Country
  Participants in the Association of LEA (Local Education Agency) Advisory Officers in Multicultural Education in the United Kingdom present their views about the difficulties in moving from the previous funding provision for ethnic minority students, (Section 11), to the Ethnic Minority Achievement Grant funding provisions. (SLD).
• Those People: You Know Who They Are
  Describes the ways in which a group of graduate students in a theory of multilingual education class learned to identify groups they had been taught to regard as "those people," others to be distrusted or disliked. Dialogue about who represented "those people" for each student led to considerations of race, class, gender, and religion.
• Ethnic Minorities and Achievement: The Fog Clears. Part I (Pre-16 Compulsory Education)
  Quantified ethnic elementary school student underachievement data in the compulsory subjects of mathematics, science, and English, with a focus on Black and African Caribbean students. Negative influences to academic achievement in the school environment, including student-teacher relationships and lack of parental involvement, are discussed.
• Raising Ethnic Minority Attainment: The Role of Curriculum 2000
  Describes the revision of the National Curriculum in England and discusses the potential of the revised curriculum for raising the achievement of ethnic minority students. The curriculum demonstrates a clear commitment to the education of minorities and includes provisions for citizenship and health education.
• An Alien among Us: A Diversity Game
  The game described in this booklet is designed to broaden the players' perspectives on human diversity and to help them appreciate and value people of different backgrounds. In the game, players are asked to select the best candidates for an interplanetary mission on the basis of certain characteristics.
• Minority Language Education in Malaysia: Four Ethnic Communities' Experiences
  Discusses minority language education in Malaysia, a multilingual and multicultural country. Looks at four language minority groups and what they have done to to provide beginning education programs for their children that use the children's native languages.
• Student Characteristics, School Characteristics, and Educational Aspirations of Six Asian American Ethnic Groups
  Looks at differences among six Asian-American ethnic groups in terms of student-level and school-level characteristics and examines factors related to their educational aspirations. Discusses implications for counselors to help Asian-American students achieve academic success in secondary and higher education.
• Multicultural Education in the United States: A Historical Review
  Examines the development, fluctuations, and growth of U.S. multicultural education from a historical perspective, from colonial times through the 20th century, concluding with some reflections on its future course.
• Meeting the Challenge of Educating for Unity: Multicultural Teacher Education at East Carolina University
  East Carolina University's school of education has embraced multicultural education challenges through preparing educational leaders, conducting research, and delivering relevant services. The college's underlying commitments include supporting research into development of ethnocentric awareness in young children, developing inservice outreach programs and curricular revisions, and constructing a democratic rationale for universal multicultural education.
• Government Policy and School Effects: Racism and Social Justice in Policy and Practice
  Criticizes social justice policies of the Labour government in the United Kingdom because they promote formal equality in the schools without working for substantive equity in outcomes of education. Naive multiculturalism is an inadequate policy response to the institutionalized racism that pervades the contemporary education system.
• New Perspectives on Multiculturalism in Education
  Advocates moving multicultural education beyond ethnic awareness into a more theoretical and constructive phase. Argues for incorporating epistemological theories regarding the subjectivity of knowledge with an awareness of the interdependence of different cultures.
• Storytelling for Young Children in a Multicultural World
  Advocates storytelling as a powerful resource to promote an understanding of racial and ethnic diversity. Addresses issues of selection criteria including elements of character development, prejudice reduction, authority and authorship, and language.
• Unity in Diversity: The Enigma of the European Dimension in Education
  Maintains that efforts aimed at the development of a European dimension to the general education curriculum offered in individual nations' schooling have increased in recent years. Asserts that the immediate goal is to provide young people with opportunities beyond their national borders.
• Using Multicultural Resources for Teachers To Combat Racial Prejudice in the Classroom
  Presents questions that will assist early childhood teachers in evaluating their own views and behaviors toward various ethnic groups. Provides resources for teachers to educate themselves, parents, and students.
• Experiential Exercises for Increasing Self-Awareness and an Appreciation of Racially and Ethnically Diverse Populations
  Describes experiential exercises used by the author to facilitate both self-awareness and an appreciation of the impact of race and culture in the United States in a group of students consisting mainly of undergraduate social work majors. These exercises generate deep reflection and personal insights on race and ethnicity.
• Empowering Culturally Diverse Exceptional Learners in the 21st Century: Imperatives for U.S. Educators
  This article examines issues in the education of culturally different students in the nation's schools. The first section examines factors underlying the future education of this population including demographic increases in numbers of culturally diverse students in the schools, historic discrimination against these groups, and under-representation or over-representation of some ethnic minorities in certain special education categories.
• Barriers to Effective Mentoring across Racial Lines
  Discusses barriers to the effective mentoring of students of color by white faculty members and presents concrete approaches for dealing with sensitive issues that often arise in the course of the mentoring relationship. The main stumbling block is the faculty member's fear of the task.
• Making Space: Merging Theory and Practice in Adult Education
  This book represents the beginning dialogue and critique of social, political, economic, and historical forms of hegemony operating in the adult education field.
• The 1996 Carter G. Woodson Book Awards
  Discusses this year's recipients of the award that honors books dealing with subjects related to U.S. ethnic minorities and race relations in a manner suitable for young readers.
• Multicultural Resources on the Internet: The United States and Canada
  Designed as a research aid for educators and students in high school or college, this guide gathers and organizes information about Internet and World Wide Web sources that deal with multicultural issues that are likely to be of interest to an English-speaking audience in the United States and Canada.
• Quinta da Princesa: A School "Reaching Out."
  Describes how positive interventionist strategies improved the experiences and educational opportunities of the African-Portuguese and Romany children in Portuguese schools. The background of linguistic diversity in Portugal and the ethnic diversity in Portuguese schools are discussed.
• Community College Humanities Review, 1999
  This special issue of the Community College Humanities Review contains articles generated by National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Institutes, held over several years. The institutes provided opportunities for academics from a variety of humanities disciplines and types of institutions to interact over an extended period of common study of topics associated with the encounters of European and indigenous cultures in the New World.
• Adult Education in Multi-Ethnic Europe: A Handbook for Organisational Change. International Perspectives in Adult Education, No. 19
  This is a handbook to assist European adult educators in teaching in a multicultural society, presenting models of intercultural practice for organizational and staff development in youth and adult education.
• Career as Story: An Introduction to the Haldane Idiographic Method of Career Assessment for Multicultural Populations
  In order to take into consideration the unique experiences, background and language differences inherent among multicultural populations for the purposes of career assessment, the process must allow for the counselee to construct their own story. This paper suggests the use of Haldanes Dependable Strengths Articulation Process (DSAP) for these purposes.
• From "Stranger" to "Arrived": The Citizens' Library in England
  Discusses studies of public library multicultural services in England. Describes multicultural programs in Birmingham and Brent that involve the citizens in planning and implementing these services.
• Validity of an Observation Screening Instrument in a Multicultural Population
  This study found that the Davis Observation Checklist for Texas, an observational teacher checklist for screening preschool children for communication disorders, demonstrated adequate sensitivity and specificity. The concurrent validity of the checklist was assessed with 59 multicultural children (ages 4 through 5), including Mexican Americans, African Americans, and Anglos.
• Meeting the Needs of Multiracial and Multiethnic Children in Early Childhood Settings
  Addresses the needs of preschool children whose biological parents come from two or more traditional racial/ethnic groups. Advocates the extension of multiracial curriculum in early childhood programs to support and embrace these multiracial and multiethnic children.
• Forty Years After Brown: The Impact of Immigration Policy on Desegregation
  Examines how current legal trends and policies shape the efforts of educators in urban schools serving the multicultural communities where immigrant families reside. Relevant laws and policies are reviewed, as well as the strategies educators use to meet the needs of immigrant children, including access to schools and programs, assessment and placement, and engineered school climates.
• Developing Writing Skills To Raise Achievement in Science and English at KS2
  Studied the development of writing skills as a way to raise academic achievement for four year-6 ethnic minority students in an English classroom. Identifies strategies that increased achievement and confidence of students and parent participation in their schooling.
• Eurocentrism, Ethnic Studies, and the New World Order: Toward a Critical Paradigm
  Summarizes the general history and progress of what has been accomplished in the areas of ethnic studies and multicultural education. The article argues that ethnic studies programs are actively concerned with developing a paradigm that is anti-Eurocentric and antiracist in content and application.
• The Training and Supervisory Needs of Racial and Ethnic Minority Students
  Despite increasing attention given to multicultural training issues in counseling programs, there is a dearth of information on unique training needs of racial and ethnic minority trainees. Reviews literature relevant to training needs, offers examples of training and supervisory issues, and makes recommendations for future research and training.
• Links between Family Life and Minority Student Achievement: Removing the Blinders
  Contends that a range of theories exists in the social science literature about the effects of family processes on the social and academic success of a family's offspring. Identifies major theoretical perspectives that have dominated the literature on families and minority student achievement.
• Multicultural and Disability Agendas in Teacher Education: Preparing Teachers for Diversity
  Examines multicultural and introductory special-education textbooks to assess how each set of texts treats the other's issues. Analyzes conversations with teacher-education leaders addressing how their programs treat both issues.
• Understanding Cultural Diversity and Learning
  Two contrasting educational responses to cultural diversity are discussed. One is a core curriculum education movement and the other is a multicultural education movement.
• Resources for a Multicultural Classroom. The Multicultural Resource Series, Volume 2
  This second volume in the series "Resources for a Multicultural Classroom" helps teachers develop creative ways to integrate multiculturalism into every curriculum, from science to literature. This annotated resource guide presents K-12 teachers with an extensive listing of print (biography, poetry, anthology, essay, fiction, research, and history), film and video, and electronic resources.
• Exploring Ethnic-Specific Literature: A Unity of Parents, Families, and Educators
  Argues that making ethnic-specific literature integral to the literature program enhances a sense of community. Describes ways of exploring and reading ethnic-specific literature, and lists some titles for adults, young adults, and children.
• Defining Culture in a Multicultural Environment: An Ethnography of Heritage High School
  Examines how multicultural education can alter the learning environment of a school and thereby influence student relations, attitudes, and behaviors. The author discusses study findings that show the need for educational theory and practice to pay more attention to minority group interrelationships rather than the interaction between the traditionally dominant and subordinate groups.
• Seeing a World in a Grain of Sand: Science Teaching in Multicultural Context
  Describes the Imagining Nature Project at Deakin University in Australia, and the Native Eyes Project at the Institute of American Indian Art in New Mexico. Both projects entail the teaching of science and technology to non-science majors of highly diverse cultural origin.
• Diversity Within America's Catholic Colleges and Universities: Efforts and Linkages to Catholic Identity, Institutional Mission, and Leadership. Occasional Papers on Catholic Higher Education
  This document reports on a project conducted to seek previously uncollected information on Catholic colleges and universities with respect to institutional demographics and programs being used to increase diversity. The project goals also included exploring the impact of Catholic identity on these programs and testing the hypothesis that the religious character of an institution uniquely facilitates the development of a multicultural community.
• Multicultural Illiteracy
  Schools' treatment of diversity categorizes students and applies ineffectual learning methods to resulting stereotypes. The author's study of basal readers showed that today's multiculturalism suppresses most white immigrant groups' stories, omits references to first discoveries and inventions, and substitutes foreign expressions for literate English vocabulary.
• Identities and Education: New Myths and New Ethnicities
  Explores the position of blacks in British society and considers the role schools might play in a new acceptance of ethnicity and the clarification of values appropriate for the new multicultural society. British society must value and celebrate all its peoples rather than continue current social injustices.
• Playing Korean Ethnic Games To Promote Multicultural Awareness
  Provides information to help early childhood teachers recognize the diverse ethnic groups within the Asian community and shows how to use Korean traditional games to promote children's multicultural awareness. Describes four traditional games.
• Of Kwanzaa, Cinco de Mayo, and Whispering: The Need for Intercultural Education
  Multicultural education can improve understandings among students of different ethnic groups only if it is implemented systematically. Research with 75 adolescent mothers in an inner-city California high school shows how the celebration of Kwanzaa leads to exclusion and isolation and the speaking of Spanish results in conflict and resentments.
• Multicultural Education and Culture Change: An Anthropological Perspective
  Discusses the difficulty inherent in teaching multiculturalism within a nation as culturally diverse and changing as the United States. Teaching cultural awareness from an anthropological perspective is explored.
• Multicultural Issues in the Advertising Curriculum
  Argues that advertising students should understand ethnic markets. Finds that only 15% of surveyed advertising professors said their departments offer courses focused exclusively on multicultural issues, only 13% said students were required to take courses relevant to ethnic advertising outside of their department, and over half spent three hours or less on multicultural components in their general advertising courses.
• Distinguishing Language Differences from Language Disorders in Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Students
  Describes a methodology that educators can use to appropriately classify students who are linguistically and culturally diverse. The article lists the student behaviors to observe when distinguishing a language difference from a language disorder and illustrates how educators can conceptualize student background and current status in selecting various alternatives in special education.
• Racial Inequality in Schools. Corp Author(s): Commission for Racial Equality, London (England). ; Association for Teachers and Lecturers, London (England)
  In spite of considerable progress on racial equality issues and multicultural education made in the schools of the United Kingdom, many areas of disadvantage remain for ethnic minority students and some new ones have emerged. Quite apart from the moral and educational imperatives behind policies against racism, there are legal implications for schools that neglect these areas of concern.
• Improving Student Perceptions and Academic Performance in the Multiethnic Classroom
  Describes a study that examined the effects of collaborative group learning within a multiethnic classroom at the community college level. Confirms that when community college teachers utilize collaborative learning skills in conjunction with traditional learning skills, academic performance increases and student ethnic perceptions improve.
• Expanding the Borders of Liberal Democracy: Multicultural Education and the Struggle for Cultural Identity
  Discusses the relationship between liberal democratic principles and multiculturalism as it applies to implementation of educational policies. An ethnographic/ethnic studies and critical multiculturalism model is proposed to ensure the acknowledgment and empowerment of the ethnic identity of the students.
• Ethnic Minorities and Achievements: The Black Hole in Science Ranks. Part 2: Post-16 Education
  Discusses the overrepresentation of ethnic minority postsecondary students into the arts and humanities instead of science and technical coursework and its impact on employability. The factors that impact this trend are highlighted.
• Community College Humanities Review, 1999
  This special issue of the Community College Humanities Review contains articles generated by National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Institutes, held over several years.
• Bibliography of Race Equity/Multicultural Library Materials. 1996 Spring/Summer Edition.
  This annotated bibliography includes all of the race equity and multicultural materials available from the Nebraska Department of Education's Equal Educational Opportunity Project. A table listing works by author's last name provides quick access to the topic and grade level.
• Impediments to Minority Student Learning
  Describes a two-part study involving 125 minority female students, 14 faculty members and 35 textbooks that explored the kinds of images minority students found in their textbooks. Results indicated that the exclusion, omission, or misrepresentation through images directly impacted student learning as well as student career choices.
• Constructivism and Multicultural Education: A Mighty Pedagogical Merger
  Examines three ways that constructivism is aligned with multicultural education in formal educational environments: (1) learners organize ideas in unique ways; (2) learners' self-awareness and self-concept influence learning; and (3) a learner's personal history filters new information. (GR).
• The Diversification of Psychology. A Multicultural Revolution
  Presents trends and recommendations arising from the continuing diversification of psychology, highlighting five multicultural themes: diversification of the United States; facilitating difficult dialogues on race, gender, and sexual orientation; spirituality as a basic dimension of the human condition; the invisibility of monoculturalism and whiteness; and teaching multiculturalism and diversity. The challenge of developing a multicultural psychology is discussed.
• Teaching about Arab Americans: What Social Studies Teachers Should Know
  External influences in the universal culture have significantly affected the image of Arab Americans and their children. Although Arab Americans are less visible than other minorities, the anti-Arab perception in the media makes them more visible in a negative way.
• Television: A One-Way Bridge between Cultures? Objectives for a Curriculum on Television
  Examines television as a means for providing multicultural education. Discusses the influence of television on children, the stereotypical message of television, how ethnic groups are portrayed, and objectives for a curriculum on television.
• Many Peoples, One Land: A Guide to New Multicultural Literature for Children and Young Adults
  This book covers works of fiction, oral tradition, and poetry published from 1994 through 1999, and is deemed suitable for young people from preschool through high school. The book deals with four major ethnic groups within the United States: African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native-American Indians.
• Developing Intercultural Communication and Understanding through Social Studies in Israel
  Discusses the problems related to cultural pluralism, differences among the groups living in Israel, and social studies education within Israel. Focuses on the sociology curriculum, offering a rationale, description, and information about intercultural education.
• CES--Cultural, Experiential, Skill Building: The Cognitive Foundation
  Critiques the assimilation strategy and the hero-heroine-ritual approach to multicultural education, and offers a third model, the Cultural, Experiential, Skill Building (CES) approach, as an alternative for teacher training. Effects of the CES model on potential teachers and the implications for teacher training are addressed.