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Educational Objectives

• 25 Years of Multiculturalism--Past, Present, and Future, Part 1
  Reviews the implementation and early successes and failures of multicultural education in Canada. Although multicultural education was officially adopted as an educational policy in 1971, it has been reworked and revamped as problems and challenges have arisen.
• A Multicultural Framework: Transforming Curriculum, Transforming Students
  Discusses efforts to bring a multicultural perspective to a 200-level course on the sociology of health and aging as a means of addressing broader multicultural curriculum transformation issues. The course is constructed around students' examination of four basic questions concerning their own experiences with exclusion and entitlement.
• A Multicultural Perspective. Spotlight: Cosmic Education
  Discusses how Montessori's Cosmic Education framework addresses issues of unity and diversity in a multicultural world view. Considers five key points of this approach that meet challenges of a multicultural world: the unity of all beings, the role of evolution in life, interdependence in nature, physical and spiritual needs of humans, and the cosmic task of humanity.
• A Rationale for Multicultural Art Education Focused on the Florida Model
  Why focus on art instead of on some other discipline to approach intercultural understanding? This paper argues that because art is about the spirit, the self, the soul, the things that people think are important, it should be the key choice. To lay the foundation for this argument, the paper addresses art as communication of core values and ideas.
• Breaking Ranks: Changing an American Institution. A "Bulletin" Special
  Summarizes a report published by the NASSP Study of the Restructuring of the American High School. Outlines nine educational goals and recommendations on renewal priorities for curriculum, instructional strategies, school environment, technology, organization and time, assessment and accountability, professional development, diversity, governance, resources, ties to higher education, and leadership.
• Bunker Hill Community College: A Common Experience for Lifelong Learning
  Describes the design, implementation, and assessment of the general education program at Bunker Hill Community College, in Boston, Massachusetts. Indicates that the program is designed to serve as an academic commons where students from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds can come together and share common intellectual experiences.
• Citizenship Education and Diversity
  The goals of citizenship education can conflict with values of cultural pluralism. The Canadian government's policy is one of official neutrality and tolerance with respect to cultural differences.
• Controlling Curriculum Knowledge: Multicultural Politics and Policymaking
  Utilizes New York state's development and attempted implementation of multicultural education as a case study providing a concise yet thorough examination of the principles, objectives, and controversies surrounding this issue. Delineates the people and organizations involved in grass roots organizing and media representation on both sides of the issue.
• Dare We Criticize Common Educational Standards?
  Offers a critical discussion on the issue of educational standards by (1) clarifying issues surrounding educational standards, (2) critically examining the assumptions underlying popular discourse about standards, and (3) offering and arguing for an alternate perspective based on democratic ideals. Discusses the impact of this on classroom teaching.
• DBAE: The Next Generation
  Examines the development and evolution of discipline-based art education (DBAE) from its inception in the early 1980s to its current practice. Maintains that the movement's success comes from the support and acceptance of educators in the field.
• Dine College Struggles to Synthesize Navajo and Western Knowledge
  Discusses the 30-year struggle Navajo Community College leaders faced in developing a Navajo philosophy and education model that combines Navajo principles and values with a Western-based curriculum. Describes the 1995 implementation of Dine College's Philosophy of Education model at the Tsaile campus.
• Diversity and Development: Futures in the Education of Adults. Proceedings of the Annual Conference (26th, Leeds, England, July 2-4, 1996)
  Fifty-three papers are included in these proceedings. They include:Adult Education,Adult Learning,Community Education,Educational Objectives Educational Practices,Trends, Adult Educators,Computer Uses in Education.
• Diversity and Development: Futures in the Education of Adults. Proceedings of the Annual Conference (26th, Leeds, England, July 2-4, 1996)
  Fifty-three papers are included in this proceeding. The papers are on the following topics: Adult Education, Community Education Objectives, Practices,Trends'Computer Uses in Education, Cultural Differences, Foreign Countries,Futures (of Society), Higher Education Humanities I.
• Diversity and Development: Futures in the Education of Adults. Proceedings of the Annual Conference (26th, Leeds, England, July 2-4, 1996)
  Fifty-three papers are included in this proceedings. They include: "Power, Peers and Professional Development" (Armstrong, Zukas); "Invent Your Future, Reinvent Your Past" (Armstrong); "Managing Learning Organisations" (Barron); "Adult Learning, Cultural Diversity and Ethnoknowledge" (Benn) and many others.
• Educating for Social Competence: A Conceptual Approach to Social Studies Teaching
  Maintains that the broad arenas of the social sciences bind multiple areas of study together, giving added breadth and depth to each. Identifies the basic tenets of multicultural, global, and civic education.
• Excellence and Equity Issues in Art Education: Can We Be Excellent and Equal Too?
  Asserts that the dialectic between excellence and equity in art education is generally expressed as an "either/or" situation. Argues that curricula and assessments can be designed to challenge artistically talented students and also serve the needs of all students.
• First Things First: Selecting Repertoire
  Presents three principles of repertoire selection: (1) select music of good quality; (2) select music that is teachable; and (3) select music that is appropriate to the context. Discusses how repertoire selection relates to the National Standards for Music Education.
• Focus on Human Rights
  Maintains that educators have been at the forefront in the quest for equal opportunity. Asserts, however, that there is resistance to recognizing and removing bias from the curriculum and instructional materials.
• From Metaphoric Landscapes to Social Reform: A Case for Holistic Curricula
  Discusses two related dilemmas: (1) the tension between the Western view of historical progress and the realities of modern society; and (2) the tension between old and new approaches to teaching and learning about the arts. Argues that the end result of implementing the Goals 2000 program might diminish the teaching of the arts as discrete subjects.
• Inclusive Schooling Practices: Pedagogical and Research Foundations: A Synthesis of the Literature that Informs Best Practice About Inclusive Schools
  This monograph summarizes the literature base that informs current understanding of the best approaches to support students with disabilities in inclusive settings.
• Indigenous Peoples, Globalization, and Education: Making Connections
  Globalization pushes aside social, cultural, and ethical goals of education in favor of marketplace goals. Two stories of the indigenous Ju/'hoansi tribe in Botswana illustrate how even well-intentioned multicultural education programs can marginalize indigenous people, and how "globalization from below," fueled by communities of sentiment, can redirect globalization toward advancing social justice in a sustainable future.
• Integrating the Arts: Renaissance and Reformation in Arts Education
  Asserts that the general educational curriculum tends to be fragmented and compartmentalized and that this situation would be improved by curriculum integration. Argues that an interdisciplinary arts approach would require new teacher attitudes and instructional strategies.
• Issues in Shared Schools in Mixed Aboriginal & Non-Aboriginal School Systems
  Canada's public schools are essential public goods resources. For children to benefit, parents cooperate in efforts to support and enhance their children's education.
• Multicultural Education in Collegiate Family and Consumer Sciences Programs: Developing Cultural Competence
  Responding administrators (204 of 507) in college family and consumer sciences units indicated that more than 50% had multicultural goals and objectives; in the upper division, 80% had multicultural courses. Perceived deterrents were lack of financial resources, preparation time, and time in current courses.
• Multicultural Education. Responding to a Mandate for Equitable Educational Outcomes
  Recent statistics suggest that equal educational opportunities for many students (e.g., students who are poor, disabled, or minorities) remain elusive. To handle the growing student diversity, educators must infuse multicultural education, instruction, evaluation, and support services into the school setting.
• Multicultural Reasoning and the Appreciation of Art
  Explicates a multicultural approach to art education that enhances critical thinking. Grounds this approach in the philosophical principles of constructivism that emphasize the student's construction of meaning rather than the passive transmission of knowledge from a teacher.
• Multicultural Social Reconstructionist Education in Urban Geography: A Model Whose Time Has Come
  Briefly describes several approaches to multicultural education including highlighting minority achievements and emphasizing human relations and social reconstruction. Argues that social reconstruction is the most productive approach for teaching urban geography.
• New Dimensions of the Community College Curriculum. Final Paper
  This paper discusses general education (GE) programs and compares course requirements at community colleges in the United States. Through a review of the literature, the author presents the rationale for three types of GE programs: (1) core curricula, the most prescribed type of GE, practiced only by 5% of four-year institutions; (2) distributional requirement systems, which account for more than 90% of GE programs; and (3) the free elective program, the least prescriptive form of GE.
• Projecting the Voices of Others: Issues of Representation in Teaching Race and Ethnicity
  Discusses the practice of first-person accounts in curriculum examinations of race and ethnicity. Refutes the essentialist notion that only members of a particular group can address issues concerning that group.
• Teachers' Beliefs, Antiracism and Moral Education: Problems of Intersection
  Explores the potential problems of intersection between the defining aims of antiracist education and teachers' beliefs about the aims of education. Identifies a framework for differentiating three ethical perspectives that teachers often take in articulating and justifying their beliefs about the ideal aims of education.
• Television: A One-Way Bridge between Cultures? Objectives for a Curriculum on Television
  Examines television as a means for providing multicultural education. Discusses the influence of television on children, the stereotypical message of television, how ethnic groups are portrayed, and objectives for a curriculum on television.
• The Challenge of Affirmative Action
  Explores the challenges of using affirmative action programs when competing groups of underrepresented people vie for limited school resources. The case study of a San Francisco (California) high school illustrates the difficulties of balancing competing goals when affirming diversity and addressing patterns of discrimination conflict with equal treatment of each individual.
• The Primary Program: Growing and Learning in the Heartland. Second Edition
  This primary education curriculum guide was developed jointly by the Iowa and Nebraska Departments of Education to provide educators with a coherent framework to guide local planning for reform of educational programs for children at the kindergarten and primary level. In the belief that the field has moved beyond separate areas of service or curriculum, this second edition of the guide presents content related both to differences among learners and to emergent areas of curriculum throughout the text, reflecting the way children learn best--in an integrated and inclusive fashion.
• The Role of a European American Scholar in Multicultural Education
  Attempts to broaden the theoretical base and practical applications of multicultural education by examining the contributions of European American educators to the process. Advocates members of the dominant culture using their own lives as starting points for studying how that culture is maintained.
• Towards a Multicultural Society: Bringing Postmodernism into the Classroom
  Asserts that western civilization's belief in the differentiation between object and subject impedes a true multicultural discourse. Praises the postmodernist approach, that self-evident reality is actually a politically constructed text, as being useful in identifying subjectivity.
• Transforming Elementary Social Studies: The Emergence of a Curriculum Focused on Diverse, Caring Communities
  Examines six elementary social studies textbook series for the absence or presence of multicultural perspectives. Identifies Houghton Mifflin and Macmillan as opposite ends of the spectrum.
• Unity in Diversity: The Enigma of the European Dimension in Education
  Maintains that efforts aimed at the development of a European dimension to the general education curriculum offered in individual nations' schooling have increased in recent years. Asserts that the immediate goal is to provide young people with opportunities beyond their national borders.
• Visual Arts Education Reform Handbook. Suggested Policy Perspectives on Art Content and Student Learning in Art Education: Maintaining a Substantive Focus. Corp Author(s): National Art Education Association, Reston, Va
  This handbook offers suggestions for educational reform in areas of student art learning, art education, and art content. After an "Introduction," which presents the philosophy and goals for reform, the document addresses the following issues: "What Is Student Art Learning?";.
• What are schools for
  Problems of schooling in the United States are explored in the monograph. Major educational problems are grouped in two categories--confusion over educational objectives and a rush to solve vaguely understood educational problems with ill-conceived action.
• What are schools for
  Problems of schooling in the United States are explored in the monograph. Major educational problems are grouped in two categories--confusion over educational objectives and a rush to solve vaguely understood educational problems with ill-conceived action.