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Counselor Training

• Applying a Cognitive-Behavioral Approach to the Training of Culturally Competent Mental Health Counselors
  Claims that a cognitive-behavioral approach can help train culturally competent mental health professionals. Following the stages of intervention in cognitive therapy, culturally diverse counselors in training confront their own and others' cognitive distortions and develop a genuine sensitivity to other cultural perspectives.
• The Journal for the Professional Counselor, 1998
  An official refereed branch journal of the American Counseling Association, this journal covers current professional issues, theory, research, and innovative practices or programs in all branches of counseling.
• The Multiculturally Responsive Versus the Multiculturally Reactive: A Study of Perceptions of Counselor Trainees
  Examines the responses of graduate students (N=39) in a counseling psychology program, to required coursework in multicultural counseling, and their perceptions of others' responses. Results indicate that embracing or rejecting the concepts of multiculturalism appears unrelated to demonstrated competence in the curriculum, which raises questions for the profession in regard to achieving its stated goals.
• Multicultural Counseling Training and Ratings of "Culturally Sensitive" and "Culturally Insensitive" White Counselors by White Counselor-trainees
  This research in multicultural literature addresses the dynamics among Whites that have primarily addressed counselor-client dyads. This study examines how training in multicultural awareness, knowledge, and skills influences the evaluation of White counselors' multicultural counseling competence.
• Multicultural Counseling Training: A Preliminary Study
  Given the increasingly diverse makeup of the United States, the probability is high that counselors in all settings will work with clients of differing cultural backgrounds. Accrediting associations, including the Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP), have recently included cultural and/or diversity content in their training standards.
• The Relationships among Counselor-Trainees' Gender, Cognitive Development, and White Racial Identity: Implications for Counselor Training
  Gender and lowest stage of cognitive development were found to significantly contribute to the variance in lower levels of white racial identity in a study of white counselor trainees (N=82). Significant relationships were not found between the higher stages of cognitive development and higher levels of white racial identity.
• Culture Specific Knowledge and the Ability To Empathize: Applications for Cross-Cultural Counseling Training
  The acquisition of culture-specific knowledge through reading and/or experience is an important component of cross-cultural counseling education. This study explores the relationship between counselor trainees' culture specific knowledge and their ability to empathize in general.
• A Critical Analysis of the Multicultural Counseling Competencies: Implications for the Practice of Mental Health Counseling
  Discusses the implications of adopting the Multicultural Counseling Competencies created by the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development for members of the American Mental Health Counseling Association and other counseling practitioners. Suggests that more empirical data need to be collected before the Competencies are required of practicing counselors or implemented in counselor education programs.
• A Licensed Professional Counselor's Professional and Personal Insights and Changes Resulting from a University Course on Cultural Diversity
  A personal account is given about counseling people of color in light of the fact that training and information about multicultural counseling was not part of counselor education programs 20 years ago. Recent attendance at a graduate level course on cultural diversity prompted this counselor to consider many issues.
• Preparing Counselors and Therapists: Creating Constructivist and Developmental Programs
  Written for those who will educate future counselors and psychotherapists, this book marks out a vision for counselor and psychotherapist training for the postmodern era. The book details specific practices that are grounded in constructivist and developmental principles including approaches to classroom instruction, field supervision, curriculum, admissions, student evaluation, and multicultural awareness.
• Using Media To Create Experiential Learning in Multicultural and Diversity Issues
  Presents a framework for using media to create experiential learning in multicultural and diversity issues based on cognitive-experiential self-theory. Offers several lessons and a media resource list aimed at training counseling students in multicultural and diversity issues.
• The Counseling Primer
  This volume seeks to answer the basic question "What does a counselor or therapist need to know in order to become a Licensed Professional Counselor?" Containing all the basic information that is taught in the counseling and therapy classes in major universities across the United States, this book places a special emphasis on those courses which contain content found on the National Counselor Exam.
• Helping Counselor Trainees Get Along: An Issue for Professional Development
  This paper presents a programmatic strategy to address unresolved student-student disagreements. The paper examines cultural norms--within training programs in academic settings--that contribute to interpersonal problems among students.
• Multicultural Infusion in the Counselor Education Curriculum: A Preliminary Analysis
  Counselor educators agree on the necessity of preparing counselors in training to work in a diverse society. Traditional training programs have no special accommodations and are characterized by unawareness of the impact of cultural factors in counseling.
• Multicultural Training in Psychology: New Challenges for Institutions, Instructors and Students
  A growing body of creative curricular materials, intended to guide and support the multicultural training of psychologists, has been developed. To enhance these materials, a preliminary evaluation of a multicultural program was conducted in an attempt to understand how students develop into culturally competent clinicians, particularly in terms of acquiring requisite awareness, knowledge, and skills.
• Effects of Client Race-Ethnicity on Perceptions of Counselor Trainees: Study 1 and Study 2
  Investigates the impact that racial stereotypes have on counselor trainees' perceptions of the attributes and behaviors of ethnically diverse male clients. Results reveal that counselor perceptions of client attributes differed across race-ethnicity.
• Teaching Multicultural Counseling Prepracticum
  Focuses on the value of a multicultural counseling prepracticum course for counselors in training at Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond). States that the course helps students develop their skills in multicultural counseling.
• Child Rearing in African American Families: A Study of the Disciplinary Practices of African American Parents
  Examines the disciplinary patterns and practices of African-American parents (N=121). Results indicate that the context of the disciplinary episode influenced how African-American parents disciplined their children.
• Multicultural Training Needs for Counselors of Gifted African American Children
  Identifies problems related to a counselor's lack of training to assist gifted African American children and proposes steps toward appropriate counselor training. A good multicultural training program has components of consciousness raising, antiracism, and knowledge and skill development.
• Training Multiculturally Competent Counselors to Work with Asian Americans. Introduction to the Special Section
  Introduces a journal's special theme section on training multiculturally competent counselors. Argues that counselors who engage in multicultural counseling should possess competencies that include counselor awareness of cultural values and biases; awareness of a client's world view; and knowledge of culturally appropriate intervention strategies.
• Fostering Community through the Use of Technology in a Distributed Learning Environment
  With the technology revolution, the importance of creating a sense of community in the learning environment is as significant as ever. This article shares the lessons learned in developing and teaching a multicultural counseling course via distance and distributed education.
• Developing Multicultural Counseling Competencies through Experiential Learning
  This article focuses on experiential learning as a teaching and learning methodology to increase students' multicultural counseling competencies. Outlines ethical and practical suggestions for using experiential learning in multicultural counseling curriculum.
• Relating Authentically in a Global Community: A Process of Personal Transformation
  This paper examines the process of change, which includes internal affective and cognitive elements, leading to new perspectives, cognitions, and behaviors in regard to attitudes towards and relationships with others who are ethnically and culturally different from themselves. It emphasizes the necessity of lifelong development of counselor educators, as they are the role models for their students and trainees.
• A Study of the Gender Role Orientations of Beginning Counselors
  Counseling literature and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs' (1994) accreditation standards advocate gender-sensitive counseling practices. However, the effects of socialization processes on counselor education students concerning gender role orientation may interfere with that mandate.
• Counselor Trainee Perceptions of Hispanic, Black, and White Teenage Expectant Mothers and Fathers
  Investigates perceptions of counselors-in-training (N=133) of Black, Hispanic, and White male and female adolescents facing a teen pregnancy. After viewing video vignettes, participants indicated that boys would be more encouraged to leave school and work than would girls.
• Deriving Multicultural Themes from Bibliotherapeutic Literature: A Neglected Resource
  Analyzes the content of 24 fictional bibliotherapeutic children's books (12 German and 12 U.S.) for divorce themes. G.
• The Training and Supervisory Needs of Racial and Ethnic Minority Students
  Despite increasing attention given to multicultural training issues in counseling programs, there is a dearth of information on unique training needs of racial and ethnic minority trainees. Reviews literature relevant to training needs, offers examples of training and supervisory issues, and makes recommendations for future research and training.
• Training Counselors To Work with Native American Clients
  This paper discusses the history and the impact that current social conditions of Native American people has upon their education, careers, relationships, and physical and mental health, and offers suggestions about how counselors can help Native Americans improve their lives. The structure of the paper includes a brief history of some of the critical incidents in Native American history, current challenges among the Native American population, counseling implications associated with these challenges, and suggestions counselors can use to increase their cross-cultural skills in counseling, consulting, and agency development.
• Counseling Interventions for Students Who Have Mild Disabilities
  Reviews characteristics, problems, and needs of students with mild disabilities. The role of counselors' attitudes and behaviors, and the need for special training in assisting these students are discussed.
• The Counselor as a Member of a Culturally Proficient School Leadership Team
  The paradigm presented in this chapter is predicated on certain assumptions about the future of schools and schooling as well as the role of the school counselor. These assumptions include: the cultural and demographic profile of school counselors will continue to be different from students; the counselor will have an ever-present role on school leadership teams; although the traditional high school will continue, alternative programs will proliferate; and the counselor will have career, personal, and civic functions, and the cultural proficiency model will be inextricably linked with these functions.
• Multicultural Career Counseling: Ten Essentials for Training
  Critical areas in which career counselors need training are as follows: demographics, world of work, career and multicultural counseling competence, career counseling process, multicultural counseling theories, career development models, career assessment, barriers to career development, culturally sensitive career centers, and continuing professional development. (Contains 49 references.) (SK).
• CACD Journal, 1996-1997
  This issue of the California Association for Counseling and Development Journal reflects counseling at the crossroads: changes and challenges as its theme.
• Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure with Art Therapy Students: Assessing Preservice Students after One Multicultural Self-Reflection Course
  Graduate art therapy students enrolled in a multicultural art therapy course were given the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure as a pretest and posttest to assess their own cultural identity. Results indicate that stronger cultural identification is possible following the completion of one multicultural art therapy course.
• Multicultural Competencies: A Guidebook of Practices
  Intended to benefit the entire counseling community, this guidebook demonstrates current multicultural competencies and successful delivery of services across the various professional counseling disciplines. Leading authorities offer concrete direction for effective multicultural counseling and reflect on what they have found to be the best practices in their specialty area.
• White Counselor Trainees: Is there Multicultural Counseling Competence without Formal Training?
  Recent research has produced ambiguous results as to whether traditional training in multicultural development, awareness, knowledge, and skills is necessary to produce counseling competence. To explore this question, a study of multicultural counseling competence prior to multicultural counseling training is reported here.
• Helping Counselor Trainees Get Along: An Issue for Professional Development
  This paper presents a programmatic strategy to address unresolved student-student disagreements. The paper examines cultural norms--within training programs in academic settings--that contribute to interpersonal problems among students.
• General and Multicultural Counseling Competency: Apples and Oranges?
  This investigation tests the hypothesis that perceptions of general and multicultural counseling competence are distinct constructs. The findings question the validity of the assumption that general and multicultural counseling competence are separate constructs, particularly for certain clients.
• Developing Multicultural Counseling Competence through the Use of Portfolios
  This paper investigates the ability of portfolios to stimulate the acquisition of multicultural counseling competence within counselors-in-training. It also compares the efficacy of portfolios to case formulation, another method of competence development.
• A Study of the Gender Role Orientations of Beginning Counselors
  Counseling literature and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs' (1994) accreditation standards advocate gender-sensitive counseling practices. However, the effects of socialization processes on counselor education students concerning gender role orientation may interfere with that mandate.
• Screening for Pervasive Intolerance in Admissions Candidates
  This paper describes the Pre-Admission Workshop, which is designed as a screening procedure to achieve optimal selection outcomes for graduate study in counseling. The workshop not only assesses the academic potential of the applicants, but also allows for observation of multicultural competencies developed by Sue, Arredondo, and McDavis (1992).
• Teaching Career Counseling Skills and Cultural Sensitivity
  Describes the effectiveness of four innovative techniques for developing cultural sensitivity in career counselors: newsgroups to promote class discussion, supervised practice in multicultural career counseling, Culture Day in which students play the role of a person from a different culture and/or gender, and a noncompetitive grading system. (SK).
• Spiritual Issues in Counseling: A New Course
  Describes a course designed to explore spiritual issues that occur in counseling. Using a multicultural framework, discusses topics such as understanding spirituality, assessing clients' spiritual needs, and identifying spiritual issues in counseling.
• The Counseling Primer
  This volume seeks to answer the basic question "What does a counselor or therapist need to know in order to become a Licensed Professional Counselor?" Containing all the basic information that is taught in the counseling and therapy classes in major universities across the United States, this book places a special emphasis on those courses which, contain content found on the National Counselor Exam.
• Working with Aboriginal Women: Applying Feminist Therapy in a Multicultural Counselling Context
  Argues that counselor education for working with Aboriginal women must address both culture and gender issues, and that this may be done by applying feminist theory within a multicultural counseling perspective. Explores these perspectives, their application to these women, and specific counselor education considerations.
• Relating Authentically in a Global Community: A Process of Personal Transformation
  This paper examines the process of change, which includes internal affective and cognitive elements, leading to new perspectives, cognitions, and behaviors in regard to attitudes towards and relationships with others who are ethnically and culturally different from themselves.
• Screening for Pervasive Intolerance in Admissions Candidates
  This paper describes the Pre-Admission Workshop, which is designed as a screening procedure to achieve optimal selection outcomes for graduate study in counseling.
• A Preliminary Analysis of Counseling Students' Attitudes toward Counseling Women and Women of Color: Implication for Cultural Competency Training
  Counseling students (N=56) responded to peer-generated presentations on counseling women and counseling women of color. Qualitative methodology was used to identify students' racial, ethnic, and gender attitudes in counseling contexts.
• The Counselor as a Member of a Culturally Proficient School Leadership Team
  The paradigm presented in this chapter is predicated on certain assumptions about the future of schools and schooling as well as the role of the school counselor.
• The Influence of Demographic Background, Ethnic Identity, and Attitudes toward Women on Empathic Thinking
  This paper describes a study on how, and to what degree, students' demographic information, ethnic identity, and attitudes about women contribute to their ability to be empathic. The report defines an empathic person as one who is interpersonally sensitive and aware of one's self and impact in relationship to others and is responsible for the improvement of self and society in general.